This PowerPoint Presentation consist the data title "Basics of Computer. This slide share will definitely helpful in all the viewers. It is framed with lot of best and attractive pictures with suitable examples and images. It will be very much useful to the beginners learners of computer. It covers the following points, viz., 1. Introduction to Computer 2. Main Parts of Computer 3. Types of Computer 4. Storage Unit vs. Memory Unit 5. Classification on Working System 6. Types of Network 7. Classification of Computer- Based on Size 8. Some Important Extensions. The above points were discussed in this powerpoint presentation.

2. CONTENT
Introduction to Computer.
Main parts of Computer.
Types of Printer.
Storage Unit Vs. Memory Unit.
Classification on Working System.
Types of Network.
Classification of Computer- Based on Size.
Some Important Extensions.

3. Computer
 A Computer is an electronic
device that accepts data from the
user, processes it, produces
results, displays them to the
users, and stores the results for
future usage.
 To process the data and convert
into information, a computer is
used.

4.  Father of the computer – Charles Babbage.
 Father of the modern computer – Alan Turing.
 Basic Architecture of Computer: John Von
Neumann .
 His computer architecture design consists of a
 Control Unit,
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU),
 Memory Unit,
 Registers and Inputs/Outputs.
 This design is still used in most computers produced today.

5.  First Programmer: Lady Ada Lovelae
(1880) Augusta Ada King-Noel . English
mathematician and writer,
 First Electronic Computer: ENIAC (1946) – J.P.
Eckert & J.W. Mauchly at the University of
Pennsylvania.
 First computer for the home user introduced –
IBM in 1981.

6. Main Parts of computer
 Hardware – Computer
hardware is what you
can physically touch
includes the computer
case, monitor,
keyboard, and mouse. It
also includes all the
parts inside the
computer case, such as
the hard disk
drive, motherboard,
video card, and many
others.

7.  Software: The
computer hardware
itself is not capable of
doing anything on its
own. It has to be given
explicit instructions
to perform the specific
task. . Software is a
collection of programs
which utilize and
enhance the capability
of the hardware

8.  Input Devices – In
computing, an input device
is a peripheral (piece of
computer hardware
equipment) used to provide
data and control signals to
an information processing
system such as a computer
or information appliance.
 Examples: Keyboards,
Mouse, Scanners, Digital
Cameras, Trackballs,
Gamepad and Joysticks.

9.  Output device is any
piece of computer
hardware equipment
which converts
information into human
readable form.
 Example: Monitors,
Projectors, Speakers,
Headphones, Video
card and Printers.

10. Central Processing Unit
 A central processing unit
(CPU) is the electronic
circuitry within a computer
that carries out the
instructions of a computer
program by performing the
basic arithmetic, logical,
control and input/output
(I/O) operations specified
by the instructions.
*CPU – Heart of the
Computer.

11. Features of CPU
 CPU is considered as the brain
of the computer.
 CPU performs all types of data
processing operations.
 It stores data, intermediate
results, and instructions
(program).
 It controls the operation of all
parts of the computer.

12. CPU itself has following
three components.
 Memory or Storage Unit
 Control Unit
 ALU(Arithmetic Logic
Unit)

13. Monitors
 A Monitor is a TV-
like display attached
to the computer on
which the output can
be displayed and
viewed. It can either
be a monochrome
display or a colour
display.
There are two kinds
of monitors
 CRT Monitor
 LCD Monitor

14. Printer
Printer is a
output device
for printing
text or pictures.

15. Classification of Printer
 Impact printer – An impact printer is a printer
that strikes a print head against an ink ribbon to
mark the paper. Common examples include dot
matrix and daisy-wheel printers.
 Non-Impact printer – Non-impact printers print
the characters without using ribbon. Two
common types of non-impact printers include
inkjet printers, which spray small drops of ink
onto each page, and laser printers, which roll ink
onto the paper using a cylindrical.

17. Impact Printer Vs. Non Impact Printer

18. Storage Unit or Memory Unit

19. Primary Memory or Main Memory

20.  1. RAM (Random
Access Memory)
 2. ROM (Read
Only Memory)

21.  1. RAM – Random Access Memory is a
type of data storage used in computers
that is generally located on the
motherboard. This type of memory is
volatile and all information that was
stored in RAM is lost when the
computer is turned off.
 There are two types of Random access
memory
 Dynamic RAM – dynamic indicates
that the memory must be constantly
refreshed or it will lose its contents.
 Static Memory – A computer memory
that contains fixed information and
retains its programmed state as long
as the power is on.

22.  2. ROM– Once data has been
written onto a ROM chip, it
cannot be removed and can
only be read. Unlike main
memory (RAM), ROM
retains its contents even
when the computer is
turned off. ROM is referred
to as being non-volatile.
 There are three types of
Read only memory (ROM)
 PROM
 EPROM
 EEPROM

23. Types of Read only memory
 PROM – Stands for
Programmable Read Only
Memory. This form of ROM is
initially blank. The user or
manufacturer can write
data/program on it by using
special devices. However, once
the program or data is written
in PROM chip, it cannot be
changed. If there is an error in
writing instructions or data in
PROM, the error cannot be
erased. PROM chip becomes
unusable.

24.  EPROM –
Stands for Erasable
Programmable Read Only
Memory. This form of
ROM is also initially
blank. The user or
manufacturer can write
program or data on it by
using special devices.

25.  EEPROM – Stands for
Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read
Only Memory. This kind
of ROM can be written
or changed with the
help of electrical
devices. So data stored
in this type of ROM chip
can be easily modified.

27.  Cache:
A cache is a place to store something temporarily
in a computing environment. Cache memory,
also called CPU memory, is random access
memory (RAM)
 Memory units:
Storage capacity is expressed in terms of Bytes.
The data is represented as binary digit(0s and 1s)
Hierarchy – Bit<Nibble< Byte < KB < MB < GB <
TB < PB < XB < ZB < YB

28.  American Standard Code
for Information
Interchange (ASCII) is the
standard code the
computer industry
created to represent
characters(more than 64
character)
 4 bit Nibble
 8 bit 1 byte
 1024 B 1 KB (210)
 1024 KB 1 MB(220)
 1024 MB 1 GB(230)
 1024 GB 1 TB(240)
 1024 TB 1 PB(250)
 1024 PB 1 XB(260)
 1024 XB 1 ZB(270)
 1024 ZB 1 YB(280)

29. Secondary memory
 Secondary memory is a type of computer memory
that is not directly accessed by the central
processing unit (CPU) of a computer and is
usually available as non-volatile memory.
 One of the most common forms of this memory is
the hard drive of a computer, which is used to
store the operating system (OS) and other
programs.
 Other forms of secondary memory include disc
drives for compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile
discs (DVDs), as well as removable flash memory.

31.  Hard Drive – a
rigid non-
removable
magnetic disk
with a large data
storage capacity.

32.  Floppy disk- A floppy disk,
also called a diskette or
just disk, is a type of disk
storage composed of a disk
of thin and flexible
magnetic storage medium,
sealed in a rectangular
plastic carrier lined with
fabric that removes dust
particles. Floppy disks are
read and written by a
floppy disk drive (FDD).

33.  Magnetic Tape – Magnetic
tape used in recording
sound, pictures, or
computer data.
 Flash memory – a kind of
memory that retains data
in the absence of a power
supply.
 Optical disk – an
electronic data storage
medium that can be
written to and read using a
low-powered laser beam.

34.  CD-ROM: storage capacity is 640MB. “Read Only”
(used for distribution of commercial software)
 CD-R (or CD-WORM): “Write Once, Read Many”
times
 CD-RW: Rewritable multiple times
 DVD: similar to CD, but with significantly larger
storage capacity (4.7 GB)
 WORM: Write Once Read Many describes a data
storage device in which information, once
written, cannot be modified

35. Mother board
 A motherboard is the main
circuit board inside a
computer that connects the
different parts of a computer
together. It has sockets for the
CPU, RAM and expansion
cards (e.g. discrete graphics
cards, sound cards, network
cards, storage cards etc)… and
it also hooks up to hard drives,
disc drives and front panel
ports with cables and wires.
Also known as mainboard,
system board.

36. Generation and Classification of Computer
 Abacus – It is known to be
the first mechanical
calculating device. Which
was used to be performed
addition and subtraction
easily and speedily. Abacus is
made up of wooden frame in
which rod where fitted
across with rounds beads
sliding on the rod. This
device was a first develop Ed
by the Egyptians in the 10th
century B.C, but it was given
it final shape in the 12th
century A.D. by the Chinese
educationists

37.  NAPIER’S BONES- As the
necessity demanded,
scientist started inventing
better calculating device.
In thus process John
Napier’s of Scotland
invented a calculating
device, in the year 1617
called the Napier Bones. In
the device, Napier’s used
the bone rods of the
counting purpose where
some no. is printed on
these rods. These rods that
one can do addition,
subtraction,
multiplication and
division easily.

38.  Pascal Calculator –
In the year 1642,
Blaise Pascal a
French scientist
invented an
adding machine
called Pascal’s
calculator, which
represents the
position of digit
with the help of
gears in it.

39.  Leibnz Calculator-
In the year 1671, a
German
mathematics,
Gottfried Leibniz
modified the Pascal
calculator and he
developed a
machine which
could perform
various calculation
based on
multiplication and
division as well.

40.  Analytical Engine – In
the year 1833, a scientist
form England knows to
be Charles Babbage
invented such a
machine. This device
was called Analytical
engine and it deemed
the first mechanical
computer. It included
such feature which is
used in today’s
computer language.
For this great invention
of the computer, Sir
Charles Babbage is also
known as the father of
the computer.

42. Classification on working system

43. Analog Computer
 A computer that
operates with
numbers
represented by
directly measurable
quantities (as
voltages or
rotations) —
compare digital
computer,
hybrid computer.

44. Digital computer
 Digital computer is the
most commonly used
type of computer and is
used to process
information with
quantities using digits,
usually using the binary
number system.
 Digital computer
provide accurate results
but they are slower than
analog computer

45. Hybrid Computer
A hybrid computer
is a combination
of digital and
analog computers
And it combines
the best features
of both types of
computers
 Hybrid computer
is used in
hospitals to
measure the
heartbeat of the
patient

46. Classification of Computer Based
on Size
 Supercomputer – The
fastest type of computer.
Supercomputers are very
expensive and are
employed for specialized
applications that require
immense amounts of
calculations.

47.  Mainframe computer –
A mainframe computer
is a very large computer
capable of handling
and processing very
large amounts of data
quickly. They are used
by large institutions,
such as government
agencies and large
corporations.

48.  Mini Computer – A computer with processing and
storage capabilities smaller than those of a
mainframe but larger than those of a
microcomputer.

49.  Micro computer – A
microcomputer is a
complete computer on
a smaller scale and is
generally a synonym
for the more common
term, personal
computer or PC , a
computer designed for
an individual.

50.  Personal computer – A personal computer (PC) is
a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed
for an individual user. In price, All are based on
the microprocessor technology that enables
manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip.

51. Types of Network
 Local Area Network(LAN) – A computer network that
links devices within a building or group of adjacent
Ex – Star LAN, Ring LAN, Bus LAN

52.  Wide Area Network(WAN) – A computer network
in which the computers connected may be far
apart.

53.  Metropolitan Area
Network (MAN)- A
metropolitan area
network (MAN) is a
network that
interconnects users
with computer
resources in a
geographic area or
region larger than
that covered by even a
LAN but smaller than
the area covered by
WAN.

54. Some important file extensions
 .doc Microsoft Word Document
.ppt PowerPoint Presentation
.bmp Bitmap Image File
.jpg JPEG Image
.xls Excel Spreadsheet
.exe Windows Executable File
.bak Backup File