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Pioneer Writers
Both Jean Rhys, a 20th century novelist from Dominica, and Sam Selvon, a writer of the
same period from Trinidad, represent prose works of the Caribbean region in the diversity of
authors’ styles, plots, frames of mind, and the language used by writers to narrate their stories.
Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers by Jean Rhys is a story set at the end of the 19th century; it recounts the
tragic experience of Mr. Ramage, a newcomer to Dominica, who committed a suicide after living
on the island for two years. The story is presented through impressions of Rosalie, a 9 year-old
daughter of the local doctor; it is characterized by distinct features of the white community’s
national identity. The dominating position of the white community that controls all important
spheres of local life is recounted in Standard English, with some typically British allusions, like
the nursery rhyme about the black sheep sung by Mr. Ramage to Rosalie. Dialogues that make
up a sufficient part of the story are also written in Standard English, with the only exception of
“nasty beastly horrible” string of attributives used by a girl (Rhys 9) that is more appropriate for
spoken English.
The basic difference in style and language of the two writers becomes evident after
comparing the very first lines of both short stories, as Selvon introduces into The Cricket Match
specific, creolized English, also known as “nation language”. The author does that not only in
dialogues but in the narrative as well. The grammar is simplified; vocabulary includes words like
“fellars”, and sentence patterns are sometimes not so easy to comprehend, for they remind an
unrestrained flow of highly expressive speech. This type of the “nation language” is authentic; it
is used to tell the story of the match won by West Indies cricket team in England. West Indians
“bowl out them English fellars” (Selvon 91) and are very proud of scoring this victory. The
author reflects the excitement of the characters by mentioning that Algernon was “all day singing

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a calypso” he composed about the match. Factory workers in England, Algernon and his
compatriot Roy are proud of their national identity; they have no inferiority complexes. Instead,
they try to show their superiority over “Englishers” where they can do that. Roy’s English is
better than Algernon’s, and the author skillfully demonstrates how national identity is reflected
in overlapping stories, common heritage, and the ability to communicate without being racially
or culturally prejudiced. Caribbean immigrants live in psychological dimensions dramatically
different from those described in Rhys’ story; their cultural voices support the Nigerian author’s
claim that “the danger of a single story” (Chimamanda), the biased representation of the national
culture in terms of a different, dominant culture may result in undermining the world’s national
diversity and increasing risks of critical cross-cultural misunderstandings.

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Works Cited
Chimamanda, Adichie. The Danger of a Single Story. Web. 23 Oct. 2012.
Rhys, Jean. “Pioneers, Oh, Pioneers.” The Oxford Book of Caribbean Short Stories. Ed. Stewart
Brown and John Wickham. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 9-17. Print.
Selvon, Sam. “The Cricket Match.” The Oxford Book of Caribbean Short Stories. Ed. Stewart
Brown and John Wickham. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 91- 95. Print.