ppt from cell to organisms

2. Cells, Tissues, and Organ
Systems
A guide to Chapter 3, Cells:

3. Cells: The basic
units of structure
and function of living things.
Organelles: “Tiny Organs”, The structures
that make up the cell.

4. The Cell Theory:
 All living things are made of cells.
 Cells are the basic units of structure and function
in living things.
 Living cells come only from other living cells.

5. Famous Biologists:
 Robert Hooke: An English Scientist who was the first
person to view the cell. Saw dead plant cell walls in the
cork. Coined the phrase “cell”.
 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: A Dutch merchant who
invented the microscope. First to view living cells.

6. More….
 Matthias Schleiden: A German Botanist. Discovered that all
plants are made of plant cells.
 Theodor Schwann: A German zoologist who discovered that
all animals were made up of animal cells.
 Rudolph Virchow: A German physician who discovered that
all living cells come from other living cells.

7. Structure and Function of Cells:
Cell Wall: Support and protection, made of
cellulose a non-living material. Only in plant cells.
Cell Membrane: Doorway of the cell, has pores.
Controls movement of materials in and out of the
cell.

8. Nucleus:
 Control Center of the Cell; The “brain”.
 Has a Nuclear Membrane surrounding it.
 Contains Chromosomes: They direct all of the cell’s activities and
pass on traits to new cells.
 Chromosomes have two nucleic acids: RNA and DNA
 Nucleolus: “Little Nucleus”; produces ribosomes.

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Clear tubular passageways.
Transportation system that sends proteins from the
nuclear membrane to the cell membrane and out
of the cell..

10. Ribosomes:
 Protein Factories
 Small grain-like bodies,
 Produced in the nucleolus.
 Made of RNA
 Most are attached to the ER.

11. Mitochondria:
Powerhouse of the cell.
Supplies most of the energy to the
cell.
Have their own DNA.

12. Vacuoles:
 Storage Tank of the cell.
 Large, round, water filled sac.
 Larger in the plant cell.
 Stores; food, water and
wastes.

13. Lysosomes:
Cleanup crew for the cell.
Rare in plant cells.
Small, round structures.
Contain digestive enzymes.
Breaks down food and sends
it to the mitochondria
to be used for energy.

14. Chloroplasts:
Food producers for the cell.
Large, irregularly shaped green structures.
Contain Chlorophyll, a green pigment that captures
energy from the sun to produce food.
Only found in plant
cells.

15. Cell Processes:
Metabolism: All building up and breaking down
activities of the cell.
Respiration: When food is broken down to produce
energy (mitochondria).
– Aerobic respiration: Needs oxygen.
– Anaerobic respiration: Without oxygen (Fermentation).

16. More….
Diffusion: The process of molecules moving from an
area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
Osmosis: The diffusion of water.
Active Transport: Uses energy to transport material
needed by the cell.

17. Cell Specialization:
 The arrangement of specialized parts within a living
organism.
 Cells
 Tissues: Made up of similar cells.
 Organs: A group of different tissues. (heart, lung, muscles,
brain, etc.)
 Organ Systems: A group of organs that work together.
(Nervous system)
 Organism: The entire living thing.

18. Jazak Allah