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Cell Structure and Functions
- 2. The Cell- Building Blocks of Life Grade 11
- 3. Cell Theory 01 You can describe the topic of the section here Cell Structure and Function 02 Table of contents
- 4. Introduction Cells: The Building Blocks of Organism When a wall is made of bricks, we say that its “building units” or “units of structure” are bricks. When a wall is made of hollow blocks, its building materials are hollow blocks. All living things, whether plants, animal or protists, have building blocks called cells.
- 5. Cell Theory Timeline of Cell Theory 01
- 6. Famous Scientist in Cell Theory 1. Hans and Zacharias Janssen 2. Robert Hooke 3. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 4. Matthias Schleiden 5. Theodor Schwann 6. Rudolph Virchow
- 7. 1. . Hans and Zacharias Janssen (1590-1595) Hans and Zacharias Janssen They made the first microscope It is the forerunner of the compound and the telescope
- 8. 2. Robert Hooke (1665) Robert Hooke -Robert Hooke was an English scientist and architect, a polymath, -who, using a microscope was the first to visualize a microorganism. -He was made improvements by working the lenses. -He studied many objects in his primitive compound microscope and published a book of it.
- 9. .” 3. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1860) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek He was Dutch trademan and scientist He was invented the first practical microscope He was the father of microbiology Discovered many organism. ex protozoa, And bacteria.
- 10. 4. Matthias Schleiden (1838)Matthias Schleiden -He was stating that the cell is the basic building block of all plants, because the tissues are composed of cells. -He is a german botanist. He concluded that all plants are made up of cells.
- 11. 5. Theodor Schwann Theodor Schwann -He was a Zoologist. -He was stating that the animals cells and plant cells have different structure. -He conclude that animals is made of cells.
- 12. 6. Rudolph Virchow Rudolph Virchow - German phatologist He is known as “ Father of Pathology” Discovered that all living cells come only other Living cells by cell division . “ Omnis cellula e cellula” All cells arise from pre- existing cells
- 14. Cells are the smallest living units in a living thing. Unicellular : Living things made up of single cell. Multicellular : Living things made up of many cells. What is Cell ?
- 15. TWO TYPES OF CELL 1. PROKARYOTIC CELLS -It is a simple, small cell which contains no nucleus. -ex. Bacteria, Archaea, Yeast, Paramecium, amoeba 2. EUKARYOTIC CELLS - composed of or more cells containing visibly Nuclei and organelles. - Compartmentalisation EX. Animals , Humans and plants
- 16. Cell Structure and Function The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life’s processes. These components include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles..
- 17. Cell membrane Cell membrane, also called plasma membrane, thin membrane that surrounds every living cell, delimiting the cell from the environment around it. The cell membrane, therefore, has two functions: first, to be a barrier keeping the constituents of the cell in and unwanted substances out and, second, to be a gate allowing transport into the cell of essential nutrients and movement from the cell of waste products.
- 18. Lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. ... They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
- 19. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules. Some intracellular organelles, such the nucleus and mitochondria, are enclosed by membranes that separate them from the cytoplasm.
- 20. ● A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, it is a sac like cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell. ● It is responsible for transporting, modifying and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles. Golgi Apparatus
- 21. Smooth ER / Rough ER
- 23. Centrosome
- 24. ○ Nucleus, in biology, a specialized structure occurring in most cells (except bacteria and blue-green algae). The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleus
- 25. Ribosome(s)
- 26. Other organelles in plant cell
- 28. Vacuoles
- 29. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Thanks! Do you have any questions? teresafigueras2095@gmail.com Please keep this slide for attribution
Editor's Notes
- This subject is designed to enhance the understanding of the principles and concepts in the study of biology, particularly life processes at the cellular and molecular levels. It also covers the transformation of energy in organisms.
- BUILDING BLOCKS - component, element, constituent, ingredient, monad, segment, part, factor, unit, elementary unit and piece.
- In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Scientific Theory- A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that has been repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.
- Hans and Zacharias Janssen were known for inventing the compound optical microscope. This contributed to the cell theory by making it easier and more practical to observe cells. 3)Hans and Zacharias Janssen Cell Theory was first discovered after they developed the microscope. FORERUNNER- predecessor; ancestor; forebear; precursor. · an omen, sign, or indication of something to follow; portent.
- Although Hooke did not make his own microscopes, he was heavily involved with the overall design and optical characteristics. The microscopes were actually made by London instrument maker Christopher Cock, who enjoyed a great deal of success due to the popularity of this microscope design and Hooke's book.
- Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's single most important discovery was the existence of single-cell organisms. While using a microscope to examine pond water in 1674, he observed dozens of protists, which he called 'animalcules,' as well as spirogyra, or green algae. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek used single-lens microscopes, which he made, to make the first observations of bacteria and protozoa
- Matthias Jacob Schleiden was a German botanist who, with Theodor Schwann, cofounded the cell theory. In 1838 Schleiden defined the cell as the basic unit of plant structure, and a year later Schwann defined the cell as the basic unit of animal structure. These parts were based on a conclusion made by Schwann and Matthias Schleiden in 1838, after comparing their observations of plant and animal cells.
- Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, politician and social reformer, but he is best known as the founder of the field of cellular pathology. He stressed that most of the diseases of mankind could be understood in terms of the dysfunction of cells. Pathology is the study of disease. It is the bridge between science and medicine. It underpins every aspect of patient care, from diagnostic testing and treatment advice to using cutting-edge genetic technologies and preventing disease.
- Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have other organelles besides the nucleus. The only organelles in a prokaryotic cell are ribosomes.
- semi-permeable (of a material or membrane) allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others,
- Lysosomes also are known as “scavengers of the cells” because lysosomes have lytic enzymes that are used to destroy pathogens and worn-out cells. Lysosomes also destroy waste materials that are harmful to the cell . Apoptosis-
- The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
- The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations:.
- Powerhouse of the cell – generate energy supply.
- centrosome is a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division. Before cell division, the centrosome duplicates and then, as division begins, the two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
- It contains the genetic information of the cell in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or chromosomes and thus, controls cell growth and multiplication. ... It regulates cell metabolism by synthesizing various enzymes.( amylase, maltase , lipases).
- A ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the sequence of RNA bases into a sequence of amino acids.
- Site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant. Examples of algae giant kelp and brown algae.
- A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.