9. Cellular Organization
Plant cells:
The cells of plants, algae, fungi, and
most bacteria are enclosed in a cell
wall.
Cell Walls are tough, rigid outer
coverings that protect cells and give
them shape.
10. Cellular Organization
Animal Cells:
The protective layer surrounding
every cell is the cell membrane. The
cell membrane is the outermost
covering of a cell unless a cell wall is
present.
11. Cellular Organization
Cells are filled with a gelatin-like
substance called cytoplasm that
constantly flows inside the cell
membrane. Most of a cell’s life
processes occur in the cytoplasm.
14. Cellular Organization
The largest organelle in
the animal cell is the
nucleus.
All cellular activities are
directed by the nucleus.
A structure called a
nucleolus is found in the
nucleus and is where most
ribosomes are made.
15. Cellular Organization
Cells make their own protein on small
organelles called ribosomes.
Ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm or
are attached on the Endoplasmic
Reticulum.
16. Organelles that process, transport
and store
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a
series of folded membranes in
which materials can be
processed and moved around
inside of the cell.
It extends from the nucleus to
the cell membrane and takes
up a lot of space in the cells.
17. Organelles that process, transport and
store
After proteins are made in a
cell, they are transferred to
another type of organelle
called the Golgi bodies.
The Golgi bodies are stacked,
flattened membranes that sort
and transport cellular
substances.
18. Organelles that process Energy
In plant cells, food is made in green
organelles in the cytoplasm called
chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts contain the green
pigment chlorophyll, which gives many
leaves and stems their color.
19. Organelles that process Energy
Chlorophyll captures light energy
that is used to make a sugar called
glucose.
Mitochondria are known as the
powerhouses of the cell because
they release energy that is needed
by the cell.
20. Organelles that process, transport and
store
Cells also have
membrane-bound spaces
called vacuoles for
temporary storage of
materials.
A vacuole can store
water, waste products,
food, and other cellular
materials.
21. Vacoules
In animal cells, there
are few small
vacuoles.
In plant cells, there is
one vacuole and it is
the largest organelle. It
can make up most of
the cell’s volume.
22. Organelles that recycle
Organelles called lysosomes contain
digestive chemicals that help break down
food molecules, cell wastes, worn-out
parts, and viruses and bacteria that enter a
cell.
These chemicals can be released into
vacuoles when needed to break down their
contents. Until then, the lysosomes
membrane prevents the digestive
chemicals inside from leaking into the
cytoplasm and destroying the cell.
23. Organelles that recycle
Cool Fact:
The lysosome’s membrane disintegrates,
releasing digestive chemicals that quickly
breakdown the tadpole’s tail. These cells are
recycled into the legs of the frog!!!
24. Photosynthesis:
True or False?
Nearly all living things obtain
energy either directly or
indirectly from the energy of
sunlight captured during
photosynthesis.
25.
26. Photosynthesis
Stage 1: Capturing the Sun’s energy
In plants, this process occurs mostly in the leaves.
Stage 2: Using energy to make food
The cell uses the captured energy to produce
sugars.
The cell needs two raw materials for this stage:
1. Water
2. Carbon Dioxide
27. The Photosynthesis equation:
Photosynthesis: is capturing the sun’s energy to
make food.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O -- C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water - sugar + oxygen
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
List the reactants and products of this equation:
28. Cellular Respiration:
Respiration is the process by which cells
obtain energy from glucose.
During respiration, cells break down
simple food molecules such as sugar and
release the energy they contain.
Respiration in cells is carried out
continuously.
29. The Respiration equation:
Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells obtain
energy from glucose. During respiration, cells break down
simple food molecules such as sugar and release the
energy they contain.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
sugar + oxygen -->carbon dioxide + water + energy
Respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
List the reactants and products of this equation:
30.
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35. Pass out plant and animal cell
print outs for students to color
and label.