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Urinalysis.pptx
- 2. URINALYSIS PROCEEDING STEPS Collection of Urine Specimen Storage and Transport of Urine Specimen Sample Receiving in Laboratory Culturing the Sample Physical Examination, Chemical Examination, and Microscopy Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test and Conclusions
- 3. Collection of Urine Specimen The collection of urine specimens is a crucial step in microbiology laboratory procedures. The first and foremost step is to ensure that the patient has not urinated for at least two hours before the sample is collected. This ensures that the sample is as concentrated as possible. The next step is to clean the genital area with soap and water, followed by wiping it with an antiseptic solution. The midstream urine specimen is then collected in a sterile container, which should be tightly sealed and labeled with the patient's name, date of birth, and other necessary details.
- 5. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE of urine specimen Once the urine specimen is collected, it needs to be transported to the laboratory as soon as possible. If there is a delay in transport, the specimen must be refrigerated at 2-8°C to prevent bacterial growth. It is crucial to avoid freezing or exposing the specimen to sunlight as this can alter the results of the tests. The specimen should also be transported in a leak-proof container to avoid any contamination.
- 6. Urine Sample Receiving in Laboratory Upon receiving the urine specimen in the laboratory, the technician checks the label on the container to ensure that it matches the requisition form. The specimen is then logged into the laboratory information system (LIS) and assigned a unique identification number. The technician then proceeds to perform physical examination, chemical examination, microscopy, and culture tests on the specimen to determine the presence of any microorganisms.
- 7. URINE SAMPLE RECEIVING IN LABORATORY
- 8. Culturing URINE SPECIMEN To culture the urine specimen, the technician inoculates the specimen onto appropriate media, such as blood agar, MacConkey agar, and CLED agar. The plates are then incubated at 35-37°C for 24-48 hours. After incubation, the technician examines the plates for the presence of colonies, which can indicate the presence of bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms.
- 10. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE SPECIMEN The physical examination of the urine specimen involves analyzing its color, clarity, odor, and specific gravity. Any abnormalities in these parameters can indicate the presence of an infection or disease.
- 11. CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE SPECIMEN The chemical examination involves testing the urine for the presence of various substances, such as glucose, protein, and ketones. These tests can help diagnose conditions like diabetes and kidney disease.
- 12. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINE SPECIMEN Microscopic examination involves examining the urine under a microscope to detect the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, and red blood cells.
- 13. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINE SPECIMEN
- 14. ANTI-MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TEST (AST) After culturing the urine specimen, the technician performs an antimicrobial sensitivity test to determine which antibiotics are effective against the identified microorganism. This helps the physician prescribe the most appropriate antibiotic for the patient's condition.