Wind Farm design and Construction

1. GROWING
WITH THE
WIND
M.Asim Shehzad

2. THE WORLD CRISIS
(Two 800 pounds Gorilla)
CLIMATE OIL
CRISIS CRISIS
•Global Warming •Conflicts and War
•Threat to environment •Threat to Security

3. CONFLICTS FOR RESOURCES

4. GLOBAL
WARMING

5. THE SOLUTION
TO
CLEAN ENERGY
& CLIMATE
PROTECTION
RENEWABLE ENERGY

6. WE HAVE TO
CHANGE OUR
PERSPECTIVE
 FROM FOSSIL FUEL
TO RENEWABLE

7.  Alternative Energy
 Sustainable Energy
 Clean Energy
 Green Energy
 Emerging Energy
 Peace Energy
Renewable Energy

8. Conventional v/s Renewable
 Fossil Fuel • River (Dam, on-stream)
◦ Gas • Ocean (Wave, Tidal)
◦ Oil • Wind
◦ Coal • Solar (PV, CPV, CSP)
• Geo
 Other Fuel • Biomass(Bagasse,husk,dung)
◦ Nuclear • Osmotic
◦ Hydrogen

9. Gas
35.8% Hydel
33%
Coal Nuclear
Oil 3%
0.2% 28%
PAKISTAN POWER MIX
POWER GENERATION IN PAKISTAN IS MAINLY THERMAL (67%)
OIL IS IMPORTED

10.  Ever Lasting (sustainable)
 Non-consumable
 Fuel free of cost
 No Emission of Greenhouse Gas and
Carbon (clean, green )
 No harmful by-products
 Clean
 Safe
 Abundantly and permanently available
 Prevent conflict over natural resources
 Future Energy
Advantages of Renewable Energy

11.  Proven and established technology
 Modular design-rapid to install
 Indigenous manufacturing
 Easily adaptable to remote areas
 Delivers Grid-scale power supply
 Fastest growing alternate source of power
 Cost of Wind Power onshore replacing oil
in many countries
 No water requirement
WIND POWER

13. WORLD WIND POWER (MW)
USA 36,300
China 33,800
Germany 26,400
Spain 19,500
India 12,100
Denmark 3,700
Egypt 430
Morocco 253
Iran 91 TOTAL WORLD = 175,000
Tunisia 54
Pakistan 6

14. SIZE GROWTH OF WIND TURBINE
DURING LAST 25 YEARS

15. GLOBAL INSTALLED WIND POWER

16. GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS

17.  INSTALLED CAPACITY -INCREASING (28%
Annualy Globally)





GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS
Source : Global Wind Energy Outlook -2010

18. 
 ELECTRICITY SHARING –INCREASING (By
year 2020 wind power would share 12% of Global
demand and 20% of European demand)




GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS
Source : Global Wind Energy Outlook -2010

19. 

 COST PER KW – DECREASING



GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS
Source : Global Wind Energy Outlook -2010

20. 


 EMPLOYMENT – 600,000 in 2009


GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS
Source : Global Wind Energy Outlook -2010

21. 



 INVESTMENT – Euro51.8 billion in 2009

GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS
Source : Global Wind Energy Outlook -2010

22. 




 CO2 SAVINGS – INCREASING @600kg/MWh
GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS
Source : Global Wind Energy Outlook -2010

23.  INSTALLED CAPACITY -INCREASING (28%
Annualy Globally)
 ELECTRICITY SHARING –INCREASING (By
year 2020 wind power would share 12% of Global
demand and 20% of European demand)
 COST PER KW – DECREASING
 EMPLOYMENT – 600,000 in 2009
 INVESTMENT – Euro51.8 billion in 2009
 CO2 SAVINGS – INCREASING @600kg/MWh
GLOBAL GROWTH OF WIND
ENERGY PROJECTS
Source : Global Wind Energy Outlook -2010

24.  WIND TURBINE
 Rotor
 Nacelle Hub
 Tower
 Foundation
 POWER ELECTRONICS
 Inverter
 Transformer
 Switch gear
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR
Foundation

25. WIND TURBINE
Building Blocks
 Hub
 Fan Blades  Power Electronics
 Pitch controller  Invertor
 Tower  Transformer
 Ladders  Switch Gear
 Electrical cables  Foundation Hub
 Nacelle  Concrete
 Mechanical Drive  Steel bars
 Bearing and Support
 Generator
 Controls
 Cooling units
Foundation

26.  Axis
◦ Horizontal
◦ Vertical
 Fan Blades
◦ One blade
◦ Two blades
◦ Three blades
◦ Multiple blades
 Tower
◦ Guyed
◦ Lattice
◦ Steel Tubular
◦ Concrete
TYPES OF WIND TURBINE

27.  Drive
◦ Direct Drive
◦ Gear Box
 Generator
◦ Permanent Magnet
◦ Synchronous
◦ Asynchronous
 Grid Connection
◦ Off-Grid
◦ On-Grid
TYPES OF WIND TURBINE

28. CATEGORY OF WIND TURBINE
 Small (<50kw)
◦ House, Building
 Medium(50kw-500kw)
◦ Village
 Big (500kw-6000kw)
◦ Grid connected
 Climate
◦ Cold
◦ Hot
 Wind Condition
◦ Speed
◦ Turbulence
 Location
◦ Off-Shore
◦ On-Shore

29. WIND POWER GENERATION

30.  INSIDE OF TURBINE
blade
wind sensors
shaft
gearbox
generator
tower

31.  INSIDE OF TURBINE

32. PAKISTAN IS BLESSED WITH
WIND

33. PAKISTAN WIND MAP
Average wind velocity= 7-8 meter/sec

34. PAKISTAN SIND CORRIDOR
JHAMPIR-120 km from Karachi

35.  TOTAL = 150,000 MW
◦ SIND = 40,000MW
 JHAMPIR
 GHARO
 KETI BUNDER
 MIRPUR SAKRO
WIND POTENTIAL
IN PAKISTAN

36.  Guidelines for Development of Wind Power
Projects (RE Policy,2006)
 Wind risk taken by GOP
 100% Power purchase guaranteed by GOP
 Grid access on the doorstep
 Land facilitation by GOP
 Tax rebates
 18% ROE in terms of dollars
 Production bonus by purchaser
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN(GOP)
FACILITATES WIND POWER

37. 18 PROPOSED WIND POWER
PROJECTS
IN PAKISTAN
 New Park Energy Ltd  Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd
 Tenaga Generasi Ltd  Arabian Sea Wind Energy Ltd
 Green Power Ltd  Lucky Energy Ltd
 Dawood Power Ltd  Metro Power Co Ltd
 Master Wind Energy Ltd  Gul Ahmed Energy Ltd
 Zephyr Power Ltd  Zorlu Enerji
 Beacon Energy Ltd  Wind Eagle Ltd
 HOM Energy Ltd  Sapphire Wind power ltd
 Sachal Energy Development  CWE
Ltd

38. FFC ENERGY LIMITED
(A new entity of Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited)
FFC ENERGY 49.5 MW WIND POWER PROJECT
LOCATION : JHAMPIR
AREA : 5km Length , 1km width
WIND TURBINE : 33x1.5Mw , S-77 Nordex
COST : 133.5 Million US Dollar
SUPPLY/INSTALL/COMMISSION : Nordex-Descon
LOCAL MANUFACTURING : 25xTowers by Descon Engg
STATUS OF PROJECT
•Land Allocated
•EPC Contract signed
•Tariff determined
•Machinery assembly in progress
•Land leveling/excavation started

39.  Hot climate version
 1.5 MW Rated Power
 Hub height 80meter
 Wind speed range 3.5m/s-25m/s
 S-77 model which is suitable to wind conditions
 No: of blades= Three, up-wind
 Blade-Glass fibre reinforced plastic,37.5m length with
lightening protection
 Rotor speed 9.9-17.3 rpm
 Brakes aerodynamic and mechanical
 Gearbox 1planetary 2 spur gear 1:104.2 increasing ratio
 Asynchronous generator 1000-1950rpm, 690 VAC/50Hz
 Yaw system 4 geared motors 10 brake clipper
 Tower rolled welded steel plates
 Nacelle Glass fibre reinforced plastic
 Control system by computer monitoring wind
conditions, grid connections, and operating parameters
NORDEX WIND TURBINE

40.  WIND TURBINES KILL BIRDS
 WIND TURBINES ARE NOISY
 WIND TURBINES ARE UNSAFE
 WIND TURBINES HAVE NEGATIVE IMPACT
ON PROPERTY VALUE
 WIND TURBINES DISTURB PLANT LIFE, WILD
LIFE AND MARINE LIFE
 SHADOW FLICKERRING FROM WIND
TURBINES CAN CAUSE PSYCOLOGICAL
ILLNESS
MYTHS ABOUT WIND ENERGY

41.  Birds are mostly killed by human related
activities
 Climate change is the most threat to bird
species
FACTS ABOUT WIND TURBINES
(BIRDS)

42.  Noise from Turbines is rarely
heared at distances futher
away than 300meter
 It is possible to hold a quite
conversation at the base of a
modern wind turbine
 Noise generated from wind
turbines does not have any
direct health impact (AFSSET)
FACTS ABOUT WIND TURBINES
(NOISE)

43.  Not a single passerby
has ever been injured
by wind turbines
 There have been no
collisions with turbines
by any type of vehicle
 Only one member of
the public has been
killed by a wind turbine
Wind turbine at Exhibition
Place, Downtown Toronto
FACTS ABOUT WIND TURBINES
(UNSAFE)

44.  There is NO evidence
from existing wind
facilities anywhere in
the world that have a
negative impact on
property value or
tourism In fact, the majority of
studies conducted after wind
farms have been built show
that both tourism and
property values increase!
FACTS ABOUT WIND TURBINES
(PROPERTY VALUE)

45.  Global Warming is
single biggest threat
to wild life
 Properly planned and
placed wind turbine
farm can create new
vegetation and
animal
habitats, improved
fish stocks and other
marine life
FACTS ABOUT WIND TURBINES
(PLANTS AND WILD LIFE)

46.  Wind Turbines are
usually located relatively
far from potential
shadow receptors
(>300m)
 Shadow flicker occurs
only on clear days and
location of low sun
angles (last only for
20minutes)
 This can be avoided by
proper placing of
Turbines and windows
treatment
FACTS ABOUT WIND TURBINES
(SHADOW FLICKERRING)

47.  Renewable energy is not only an alternate
to depleting fossil fuel but also a solution
to protect climate
 Wind Energy is a proven, effective and
fastest growing alternate
 Pakistan is blessed with lot of wind
resource and the Government is
encouraging wind projects
 Properly planned wind turbine projects
can mitigate all negative impacts
 FFC is working actively to provide our
country with clean alternate energy
Conclusion

61.  Applications Short-circuit/Earth fault
- definite and inverse time O/C protection
Isolated/Compensated Systems - Short-circuit direction determination
- Wattmetrical and transient ...
G/F direction determination
Autoreclosing Control
- multiple 3p,
- with sync-check
...
System-Decoupling
Protective Signaling - Over/underfrequency
- Pilot wires - Over/undervoltage
- InterMiCOM - Directional power
... ...
Monitoring
- CB wear Control
- MCB input - Control and monitoring
- Phase sequence monitoring of switchgear units
- Current unbalance monitor. Operational support - Signals and commands
... - Metering - Counter
- Limit value monitoring ...
...

62. Communications
Network

63. Specific Proportionality
thermal capacity factor
w
Q (t)
Thermal
conductance
Protected object
Temperature Q(t) I2 k
a Q Coolant
a Temperature Qa
Square of current
Thermal overload protection

64.  Operating state recognition and tripping characteristics
t [s]
Start-up
1.000 Load Overload
logarithmic t = 20 s
6Iref
m =0
500
reziprocally
Motor protection squared
k I > I/I
0,1 1,0 2,0 stup 3,0 ref

65.  Overload memory and start-up counter
m [%] Overload memory
100
80
60
40
20
t
Start-up counter Reclosure blocked
3
2
Motor protection
1
t

84.  .
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