* Introduction to Wind Energy * History of Wind Energy * Generation of Wind Energy * Details of Wind Turbines * Wind Measurement * Advantages and Disadvantages * Wind Power Plants in Pakistan.

1. WIND ENERGY
(RENEWABLE ENERGY)
PRESENTED BY:
MUHAMMAD AZEEM JALBANI
E: azeemjalbani@gmail.com
C: +923202525464 (Whatsapp)
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jalbaniazeem/

2. CONTENTS:
 INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY
 HISTORY OF WIND ENERGY
 GENERATION OF WIND ENERGY
 DETAILS OF WIND TURBINES
 WIND MEASUREMENT
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 WIND POWER PLANTS IN PAKISTAN

3. INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY
 WIND ENERGY IS AN INDIRECT FORM OF SOLAR ENERGY
WHICH CAN BE USED CONTINUOUSLY.
 WIND IS A FORM OF SOLAR ENERGY WHICH IS CAUSED BY
UNEVEN THE HEATING OF ATMOSPHERE BY THE SUN, THE
IRREGULARITIES OF EARTH’S SURFACE AND ROTATION OF
EARTH.
 WIND FLOW PATTERNS ARE MODIFIED BY EARTH’S TERRAIN,
BODIES OF WATER AND VEGETATIVE COVER.
 WIND FLOW OR MOTION ENERGY WHEN HARVESTED BY
WIND TURBINES CAN BE USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY.

4.  THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF WINDS:
i. PLANETARY WINDS
ii.LOCAL WINDS
i. PLANETARY WINDS:
• ARE CAUSE TO DUE TO GREATER HEATING OF EARTH’S
SURFACE NEAR TO EQUATOR.
ii. LOCAL WINDS:
• ARE CAUSE DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL HEATING OF LAND AND
WATER IN COASTAL AREAS.
• THESE ARE ALSO CAUSE DUE TO UNEVEN HEATING IN HILLS
AND MOUNTAINS ALONG THE SLOPES.

5. HISTORY OF WIND ENERGY
 THE ERA OF WIND ELECTRIC GENERATORS BEGAN CLOSE TO
1900’S.
 THE FIRST MODERN WIND TURBINE, SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED
FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION, WAS CONSTRUCTED IN
DENMARK IN 1890.
 THE FIRST UTILITY-SCALE SYSTEM WAS INSTALLED IN RUSSIA IN
1931. A 100 KW TURBINE WAS INSTALLED ON THE CASPIAN
SEA SHORE, WHICH WORKED FOR TWO YEARS AND
GENERATED ABOUT 20,000 KW ELECTRICITY.

7. GENERATION OF WIND ENERGY
 THE WIND ENERGY OR WIND POWER DESCRIBES
THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE WIND IS USED TO
GENERATE MECHANICAL POWER OR
ELECTRICITY.
 WIND TURBINES CONVERT THE KINETIC ENERGY
IN THE WIND INTO MECHANICAL POWER.

9. DETAILS OF WIND TURBINES
 INTRODUCTION:
• WIND TURBINES CONVERT KINETIC ENERGY FROM WIND INTO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
• THE WIND TURNS THE BLADES, WHICH SPIN A SHAFT, WHICH
CONNECTS TO GENERATOR AND MAKES ELECTRICITY.
 COMPONENTS OF WIND TURBINES:
• BLADE OR ROTOR: WHICH CONVERTS THE ENERGY IN THE WIND TO
ROTATIONAL SHAFT ENERGY;
• DRIVE TRAIN AND NACELLE: USUALLY INCLUDING A GEARBOX AND
A GENERATOR.
• TOWER: THAT SUPPORTS THE ROTOR AND DRIVE TRAIN WITH
NACELLE.
• OTHER EQUIPMENT'S: INCLUDES CONVERTER,HEAT EXCHANGER,
ELECTRICAL CABLES, GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT, AND
INTERCONNECTION EQUIPMENT.

10. 1. Rotor with Blades
2. Nacelle
3. Tower
4. Foundation
5. Substation

12.  TYPES OF WIND TURBINES:
 HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE:
• MOST COMMERCIALLY USED DESIGN
• HIGHER POWER COEFFICIENT
• LOW CUT IN WIND SPEED
• COMPLICATED DESIGN
• YAW DRIVE ARRANGEMENT REQUIRED.
 VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE:
• NO YAW ARRANGEMENT REQUIRED.
• GEAR BOX AND GENERATOR CAN BE ACCOMMODATED AT GROUND
• LOW MAINTENANCE COST.
• USUALLY NOT SELF STARTING
• LOW TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
• CHANCES OF HIGH ROTATIONAL SPEED AND STRUCTURE BREAKAGE.

13. HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

14. WIND MEASUREMENT
 BASIC PARAMETERS OF WIND MEASUREMENT
• WIND SPEED
• WIND DIRECTION
• AIR DENSITY
• TEMPERATURE
 EQUIPMENTS OF WIND MEASUREMENT
• 3-CUP ANOMOMETER: WHICH MEASURES WIND SPEED.
• WIND VANE: WHICH INFORMS WIND DIRECTION.
• TEMPERATURE SENSOR: WHICH MEASURES TEMPERATURE.
• DATA LOGGER: WHICH PROVIDES WIND MEASUREMENTS DETAILS.

15. ADVANTAGES
 WIND ENERGY IS FRIENDLY TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT, AS NO FOSSIL
FUELS ARE BURNT TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM WIND ENERGY.
 WIND TURBINES TAKE UP LESS SPACE THAN THE AVERAGE POWER STATION.
WINDMILLS ONLY HAVE TO OCCUPY A FEW SQUARE METERS FOR THE BASE, THIS
ALLOWS THE LAND AROUND THE TURBINE TO BE USED FOR MANY PURPOSES, FOR
EXAMPLE AGRICULTURE.
 NEWER TECHNOLOGIES ARE MAKING THE EXTRACTION OF WIND ENERGY MUCH
MORE EFFICIENT. THE WIND IS FREE, AND WE ARE ABLE TO CASH IN ON THIS FREE
SOURCE OF ENERGY.
 WIND TURBINES ARE A GREAT RESOURCE TO GENERATE ENERGY IN REMOTE
LOCATIONS, SUCH AS MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES AND REMOTE COUNTRYSIDE. WIND
TURBINES CAN BE A RANGE OF DIFFERENT SIZES IN ORDER TO SUPPORT VARYING
POPULATION LEVELS.
 WIND ENERGY IS THAT WHEN COMBINED WITH SOLAR ELECTRICITY, THIS ENERGY
SOURCE IS GREAT FOR DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO PROVIDE A
STEADY, RELIABLE SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY

16. DISADVANTAGES
 The main disadvantage regarding wind power is down to the winds
unreliability factor. In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support
a wind turbine or wind farm, and this is where the use of solar power or
geothermal power could be great alternatives.
 Wind turbines generally produce allot less electricity than the average
fossil fuelled power station, requiring multiple wind turbines to be built in
order to make an impact.
 Wind turbine construction can be very expensive and costly to
surrounding wildlife during the build process.
 The noise pollution from commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a
small jet engine. This is fine if you live miles away, where you will hardly
notice the noise, but what if you live within a few hundred meters of a
turbine. This is a major disadvantage.
 Protests and/or petitions usually confront any proposed wind farm
development. People feel the countryside should be left in tact for
everyone to enjoy it’s beauty.

17. WIND POWER PLANTS IN PAKISTAN
 PAKISTAN HAVING IDEAL WIND CORRIDOR FOR WIND
POWER PLANTS IN SINDH PROVINCE AREAS SUCH AS
KARACHI, THATTA, KOTRI, JAMSHORO AND HYDERABAD.
 WIND POWER PLANTS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN JHAMPEER
AND GHARO (THATTA) IN SINDH. WHICH ARE
COMMISSIONED AND RUNNING GENEARTING POWER
FEEDDING TO WAPDA.
 CURRENTLY, SOME WIND POWER PROJECTS ARE GOING
ON ,WHCH ARE IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE AND FOR
FUTURE ARE PLANNED. WHICH WILL BE INSTALLED TO
COMPLETE THE SHORTAGE OF ELECTRICITY.

18. PAKISTAN CUMULATIVE INSTALLED
WIND POWER PLANTS CAPACITY
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
MW

19. WIND POWER PLANTS COMMISSIONED
(WHICH ARE RUNNING)
 FFCEL,JHAMPEER-49.5 MW
 ZORLU, JHAMPEER-56 MW
 CTG,JHAMPEER-50 MW
 FWEL-I,GHARO-50 MW
 FWEL-II,GHARO-50 MW

20. UPCOMING WIND POWER PROJECTS
 METRO- 50 MW
 LUCKY- 50 MW
 WIND EAGLE I- 50 MW
 WIND EAGLE II- 50 MW
 SAPPHIRE- 50 MW
 MASTER- 50 MW
 TAPAL-50 MW
 HAWA- 50 MW
 GUL AHMED- 50 MW
 TENAGA- 50 MW
 DAWOOD- 50 MW
 ZEPHYRE- 50 MW
 NBT- 300 MW

21. THANK YOU