Wind energy

1. Name – Bishnu Mahato
Roll . No – 2032026
Department – Mechanical Engineering

2. INTRODUCTION TO WIND
ENERGY
Wind – Atmospheric air in motion.
It is become an energy source.
Sun produces 4 x 1026 joules of electromagnetic
radiation every second that is radiated into space.
About 2% of the sunlight that falls on the earth is
transformed to wind energy.
Wind provides around 1% of world’s electricity.

3. VARIOUS PROS OF WIND
ENERGY
 Wind Energy is a Clean Source of Power
Wind Energy has Low Operating Costs
Renewable Source
Cost-Effective
Prices are Decreasing
Use of Modern Technology
Great Potential for Residential Uses
 Conserves and Keeps Water Clean
The Wind Energy Industry Creates Jobs

4. VARIOUS CORNS OF WIND
ENERGY
Wind Reliability
Wind Turbines Could Be Threat to Wildlife
Wind Turbines Could Lead to Noise and Visual
Pollution
Are Expensive to Set Up
Safety of People at Risk
Effect on the Environment

5. HOW DOES WIND TURBINE
WORKS ?
 Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns
two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to
the main shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity.
 Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100
feet (30 meters) or more above ground, they can take advantage of faster
and less turbulent wind.
 Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single home or
building, or they can be connected to an electricity grid (shown here) for
more widespread electricity distribution.

6. INSIDE VIEW OF WIND
TURBINE

7. COMPONENTS OF WIND
TURBINE
• Anemometer: Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller.
• Blades: Most turbines have either two or three blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and rotate.
• Brake: A disc brake, which can be applied mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies.
• Controller: The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at about 55
mph. Turbines do not operate at wind speeds above about 55 mph because they might be damaged by the high winds.
• Gear box: Gears connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations per
minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity. The gear box is a costly (and
heavy) part of the wind turbine and engineers are exploring "direct-drive" generators that operate at lower rotational speeds and don't need gear
boxes.
• Generator: Usually an off-the-shelf induction generator that produces 60-cycle AC electricity. High-speed shaft: Drives the generator. Low-
speed shaft: The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute.
• Nacelle: The nacelle sits atop the tower and contains the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Some nacelles
are large enough for a helicopter to land on.
• Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too
low to produce electricity.
• Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor.
• Tower: Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers
enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity.
• Wind direction: This is an "upwind" turbine, so-called because it operates facing into the wind. Other turbines are designed to run "downwind,"
facing away from the wind.
• Wind vane: Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind.
• Yaw drive: Upwind turbines face into the wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes.
Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind.
• Yaw motor: Powers the yaw drive.

8. WORLD WIND POWER
CAPACITY
PR China - 33.6%
USA - 17.2%
Germany - 10.4%
India - 5.8%
Spain - 5.3%
United Kingdom - 3.1%
Canada - 2.6%
France - 2.4%
Italy - 2.1%
Brazil - 2%
Rest of the world - 15.5%

9. RATING OF WIND TURBINES
 Wind turbines have a power rating often called a nameplate power. For example, 750
kW means that the wind turbine will produce 750 kilowatts (kW) of energy per hour of
operation, when running at its maximum performance (see Table 1 for conversions).
Table :- Energy conversion chart

10.  Stated simply, the wind turbine propeller
captures the wind’s energy, which spins a
shaft, which drives a generator and produces
electricity.

11. PROGRAMME/SCHEME
WISE CUMULATIVE PHYSICAL PROGRESS
AS ON MAY, 2023
Sector Achievements (May 2023) Cumulative Achievements
(as on 30.05.2023)
Wind Power 565.85 43198.98
Solar Power 1040.90 67821.22
Small hydro Power 0.00 4944.30
Biomass (Bagasse)
Cogeneration
0.00 9433.56
Biomass (non – bagasse)
Cogeneration
0.00 814.45
Waste to Power 0.00 248.14
Waste to Energy (off-grid) 2.50 308.39
Total 1609.25 126769.04

12. State Total capacity (MW)
Gujarat 10415.82
Tamil Nadu 10124.52
Maharashtra 5026.33
Karnataka 5303.05
Rajasthan 5153.42
Andhra Pradesh 4096.65
Madhya Pradesh 2844.29
Telangana 128.10
Kerala 62.50
Others 4.30
Total 43198.98

14.  India is blessed with abundant renewable energy resources like wind & solar and these energy sources are
emerging as an alternative to the conventional sources of energy to meet the requirements of the country.
The estimated solar power potential is 749 GW and wind power potential of the country is 695 GW at 120
meter above ground level. Unlike solar resource, wind resource is mainly concentrated in the states of
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.
 The Government has adopted transparent competitive bidding process for large scale wind, solar and wind-
solar hybrid power projects and has issued guidelines for the same. Accordingly, projects of more than 11
GW wind power and 1.44 GW wind-solar hybrid power have been awarded through transparent competitive
bidding process. While the bidding has resulted in competitive tariffs which are much lower than traditional
Feed-in Tariffs, on the other hand a number of projects have been delayed due to land, NoCs and
transmission related issues. These challenges and uncertainties have raised the concerned of investors in
the sector. Further, while solar power project is commissioned on contiguous land, the wind power project
requires scattered land on footprint basis which not only increases the transmission cost but also increase
the possibility of land related issues.
 In order to overcome these challenges and to speed up the installation of wind power projects, the scheme
for “Development of Wind Parks/ Wind-Solar Hybrid Park” is proposed. The Park will be a concentrated
zone of development of Wind/ Wind-Solar Hybrid power projects and will provide an area that is well
characterized, with proper infrastructure including evacuation facilities in place and where the risk of the
projects can be minimized. Wind Energy Park will provide a plug and play solution (availability of land,
transmission, necessary infrastructure and necessary approvals) to the investors for installing wind/ wind-
solar power projects.

15.  The capacity of each park should generally be 500 MW and more, however parks of
lower capacity may also be developed depending upon the availability of land and
resource. In any case, the capacity of each park shall not be less than 50 MW. Park
developers may also be allowed to pool small investor into the single park.

18.  Two wind farms in Karnataka and Gujarat present fresh evidence of how such green
energy sources have turned out to be the killing fields for birds.
 With an installed capacity of more than 32,000 MW, India is the world's fourth largest
producers of wind energy which plans to generate 60 GW by 2022.
 But the massive scale-up target may be counter-productive to the birds, particularly
the migratory ones and raptors, suggests a new study.
 The new evidence comes from two commercial wind farms in Samakhiali region of
Kutch in Gujarat and Harapanahalli of Davanagare district of Karnataka.
 The Kutch region is a stopover site for birds migrating through Central Asian Flyway
that makes it a bird-rich area with 174 species of birds.

19.  electricity generation from the wind energy is the most efficient energy conversion
system as these energy conversion systems utilize less energy , reduce very less
carbon dioxide and produces high amount of overall energy.

20. WORKING GIF