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Wind Energy
A Renewable Source of Energy
Presentation By
Sanjana and Alekhya
2nd
Year EEE Department
BVRIT Hyderabad

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Renewable Energy
 Energy is basically classified into 2 categories.
 Renewable and Non Renewable.
 Non Renewable sources are Coal, Petrol etc...
 Renewable Sources are Solar, Biomass, Wind, Water etc…

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Wind Energy Outline
 History
 Context
 Working
 Advantages
 Site Selection
 Disadvantages
 Economics Improvement
 Future

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Wind Energy History
 1200 to 1850
 Golden era of windmills started in western Europe –
50,000
 1850’s
 Multiblade turbines for water pumping made and
marketed in U.S
 1850 – 1930
 As many as 6,000,000 units installed in US Midwest
 1936+
 US Rural Electrification Administration extends the grid to
isolated rural sites.
 Grid Electricity rapidly displaced multiblade turbines

Wind Energy - What is it?
 All renewable energy (except tidal and
geothermal power), ultimately comes from
the sun.
 The earth receives 1.74 x 1017
watts of
power (per hour) from the sun.
 About one or 2 percent of this energy is
converted to wind energy
(which is about 50-100 times more
than the energy converted to
biomass by all plants on earth).
 Differential heating of the earth’s surface
and atmosphere induces vertical and
horizontal air currents that are affected by
the earth’s rotation and contours of the
land  WIND.
Ex: Land Sea Breeze Cycle

Windmill Design
 A Windmill captures wind
energy and then uses a
generator to convert it to
electrical energy.
 The design of a windmill
is an integral part of how
efficient it will be.
 When designing a
windmill, one must decide
on the size of the turbine,
and the size of the
generator.

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Increasingly Significant Power Source
Wind could
generate
6% of
nation’s
electricity
by 2020.
Wind currently produces less than
1% of the nation’s power.
Source: Energy Information Agency

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Advantages of Wind Power
 Environmental Benefits
 Economic Development
Benefits
 Fuel Diversity & Conservation
Benefits
 Cost Stability Benefits

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Pollution from Electric Power
23%
28%
33%
34%
70%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Toxic Heavy Metals
Particulate Matter
Nitrous Oxides
Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Percentage of U.S. Emissions
Electric power is a primary source of industrial air pollution

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Density = P/(RxT)
P - pressure (Pa)
R - specific gas constant (287 J/kgK)
T - air temperature (K)
= 1/2 x air density x swept rotor area x (wind speed)3
ρ A V3
Area = π r2 Instantaneous Speed
(not mean speed)
kg/m3
m2
m/s
Power in the Wind (W/m2
)

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Site Selection
Technical Factors affecting site selection:
 High Average annual wind speed
 Low Cost of Construction
 Close Distance from Utility line or customers
 Prevailing wind Direction
 Surface Roughness
 Obstacle Height, Dis >5OH, OH, <0.5HH

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Disadvantages
 Birds - A Serious Obstacle
 Noise Disturbances
 Cost of Wind Turbine
 Threat to Wildlife
 Wind Can Never Be
Predicted
 Suited To Particular Region
 Visual Impact

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Wind Energy Natural Characteristics
 Wind Speed
 Height
 Air density
 Blade swept area

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Turbines Constantly Improving
 Larger turbines
 Specialized blade design
 Power electronics
 Computer modeling
 Produces more efficient design
 Manufacturing improvements

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Improved Capacity Factor
 Performance Improvements due to:
 Better sitting
 Larger turbines/energy capture
 Technology Advances
 Higher reliability
 Capacity factors > 35% at good sites
 Examples (Year 2000)
 Big Spring, Texas
 37% CF in first 9 months
 Springview, Nebraska
 36% CF in first 9 months

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Expectations for Future Growth
 20,000 total turbines installed by 2010
 6% of electricity supply by 2020
 India now ranks as a “wind superpower” having a net
potential of about 45000 MW only from 13 identified states.
100,000 MW of wind power
installed by 2020

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The Future of Wind - Offshore
• 1.5 - 6 MW per
turbine
• 60-120 m hub
height
• 5 km from shore,
30m deep ideal
• Gravity foundation,
pole, or tripod
formation
• Shaft can act as
artificial reef
• Drawbacks- T&D
losses (underground
cables lead to shore)
and visual eye sore

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Ancient Resource Meets 21st
Century

Thank you
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Visionary Lighting and Energy INDIA Ltd.