Mintzberg's Cognitive School
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Mintzberg's Cognitive School by Hannah Khamil H. Miranda and Joelle Mathea S. Panganiban, Strategic Management, University of the Philippines
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Mintzberg's Cognitive School
- 1. The Cognitive School Hannah Khamil H. Miranda Joelle Mathea S. Panganiban BA 190 – Strategic Management University of the Philippines Prof. Mita Angela M. Dimalanta
- 2. Approach Analyzes how people perceive patterns and process information Concentrates on what is happening in the mind of the strategist and how it processes the information
- 3. Basis Psychology – “the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context”
- 4. Contributions Sees strategy as a cognitive process in the mind of the strategist Strategies emerge as concepts, maps, schemas and frames of reality Stresses the creative side of the strategy process Strong at the level of an individual strategist Useful to explain why our minds are imperfect
- 5. Limitations Not practical beyond the conceptual stage Not practical to conceive great ideas or strategies Currently not useful to guide collective strategy processes
- 6. Types 1. Whole Brain Model
- 10. Types 5. Myers and Briggs Type Indicator
- 11. References Merriam-Webster. (2016). Psychology. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from Merriam-Webster: http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/psychology Cherry, K. (2016, September 5). What Is Cognition? Retrieved September 20, 2016, from Very Well: https://www.verywell.com/what-is- cognition-2794982 Berberet, J. (1990). The Whole Brain Model: The Whole Brain Model: Understanding Working Styles. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from University of California: http://www.ucop.edu/ucophome/businit/boi/presentations/2005/05styles.pdf Herrmann Global, LLC. (1981). WHAT IS WHOLE BRAIN® THINKING? Retrieved September 21, 2016, from Herrmann International: http://www.herrmannsolutions.com/what-is-whole-brain-thinking-2/ Communcation Theory. (2013). The Johari Window Model. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from Communication Theory: http://communicationtheory.org/the-johari-window-model/ Cherry, K. (2016, June 14). What Is Groupthink? Retrieved September 21, 2016, from Very Well: https://www.verywell.com/what-is- groupthink-2795213 Berg, O. (2015, August 12). Groupthink. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/oscarberg/20322082659 The Myers & Briggs Foundation. (2016). The Myers & Briggs Foundation: MBTI Basics. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from The Myers & Briggs Foundation: http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/ Kotelnikov, V. (n.d.). Ten Major Strategic Management Schools A Comparative Analysis . Retrieved September 18, 2016, from Breakthrough e-Coach: http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_inex_stategy_10schools.html#Cognitive Iqbal, N. (n.d.). Different Schools of Thought on Strategy. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from Academia: https://www.academia.edu/4493694/Different_schools_of_thought_on_Strategy Bhasin, H. (2016, June 13). Mintzberg’s 10 school of thoughts for Strategy formulation – School of thoughts in management. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from Marketing 91: http://www.marketing91.com/10-schools-thoughts/
Editor's Notes
- In 1955, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham were able to identify the importance of feedback among group members. Here, they developed the Johari Window to aid individuals who want to enhance their understanding and to learn how to communicate when in a group. The Johari Window focuses on a process on how individual’s can further develop self-awareness when they are working in groups and teams.
- According to Irving L. Janis (1972), the process of Groupthink occurs when “People who are opposed to the decisions or overriding opinion of the group as a whole frequently remain quiet, preferring to keep the peace rather than disrupt the uniformity of the crowd.”
- Cognitive bias is an event that happens when people think wrongly of the desirable outcomes and effects of situations. Here, individual bias towards people and events are the main reasons why cognitive bias arises.
- It states that there are variation in the behavior of each individual due to differences on the way individuals use their judgment and perception. "Perception involves all the ways of becoming aware of things, people, happenings, or ideas. Judgment involves all the ways of coming to conclusions about what has been perceived. If people differ systematically in what they perceive and in how they reach conclusions, then it is only reasonable for them to differ correspondingly in their interests, reactions, values, motivations, and skills." (The Myers & Briggs Foundation, 2016) Favorite World - Do you prefer to focus on the outer world or on your own inner world? (Extraversion or Introversion) Information - Do you prefer to focus on the basic information you take in or do you prefer to interpret and add meaning? (Sensing or Intuition) Decisions - When making decisions, do you prefer to first look at logic and consistency or first look at the people and special circumstances? (Thinking or Feeling) Structure - In dealing with the outside world, do you prefer to get things decided or do you prefer to stay open to new information and options? (Judging or Perceiving) All types are equal. The significance of knowing thy differences is to understand better that people are diverse. There is no “best” type among all these personality differences.