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ROAD LIGHTING
Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads

Michael Santiago |REE.AILP.MIES.
LAD Engineer
Saudi Lighting Co.
Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers
Central Region Chapter, Saudi Arabia
IIEE-CRCSA 5th Technical Seminar
May 10, 2013
White Palace Hotel
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads

WIFM? – What’s in it for me?
A. THEORETICAL
 Basic Lighting Terminologies
 Fundamental Formulas
 Manual Calculation & DIALux Verification
 Photometric Data & Maintenance Factors
 Road Lighting Class & Hierarchy
B. PRACTICAL
 MOT & Municipality Kinds of Road
 SLC Recommended Schemes
 Latest Road Lighting Trends
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

INTRODUCTION
Designing, developing and upgrading future-proof
road networks for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a huge road network
connecting its major cities and neighboring countries.
It also has a large municipal and urban road network.
Due to its harsh climate as well as the absence of
maintenance management systems, the roads in the
Kingdom require major re-construction and re-design,
which in turn increases the cost of operations. The
Ministry of Transport in Saudi Arabia has allocated
SR11.3 billion in the current budget for 389 new road
projects with a total length of 6,600 kilometers in
various parts of the country. The ministry has also
allocated SR750 million for road maintenance and
SR50 million for conducting studies on 2,762 km of
new roads
SOURCE: http://www.roadsaudi.com/Event.aspx?id=487844
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

REFERENCES

IESNA
http://ies.org/

Ministry of Transportation

Riyadh Municipality

https://www.mot.gov.sa/ar/Pages/home.aspx

http://urbplandep.alriyadh.gov.sa/Eng/

ILP
https://www.theilp.org.uk/home/

BS 5489 Part 1: 2003
http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/ProductDetail/?pid
=000000000030217237

IESNA RP-8
http://www.ies.org/store/product/roadwaylighting-1028.cfm

LICHT.DE
http://www.licht.de

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

DEFINITIONS: (Relationship of Each Terms)

Image Source: Zumtobel, The Lighting Handbook

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

DEFINITIONS: Luminous Flux (Φ)
Lumen Comparison
Lamp Data: Refer to Manufacturer

250W High Pressure
Sodium Tubular Clear Brand
Lamp

Lamp
Holder

SON-T 250W/220 E40 1SL

Philips

E40

NAV-T 250

Osram

E40

LU250/T/40

GE

E40

Lumen
Package
28,000
lumens
28,000
lumens
27,500
lumens

 it is the rate at which light is emitted by a lamp.
It defines the visible light radiating from a light
source in all directions.
 Symbol is (Φ)
 Unit of Measure is lumen (lm)
 Ratings are found in lamp manufacturers‘ lists.
Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

DEFINITIONS: Luminous Intensity (I)
I=

Image Source: www.technikerschule-beckum.de

 is the concept for the concentration of light in a
specific direction, radiated per second.
 It can also be defined as the luminous flux in a certain
direction, radiated per unit of solid angle (steradian).
 Symbol is (I)
 Unit of Measure is candela (cd)
 In general a light source will not radiate its
luminous flux uniformly in all directions.
Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Luminous Flux (Φ) vs Luminous Intensity (I)

Normal 60W
Incandescent Lamp
Lamp Φ = 730 lm

Max I = 108.2 cd/klm
@62° below horizontal
Image Source: Wikipedia Images

Data Source: SLC Laboratory Testing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Definitions: Illuminance (E), lux

Luxmeter
 amount of luminous flux from a light source falling on
a given surface.
 is measured both n horizontal and vertical
 Symbol is (E)
 Unit of Measure is lux (cd/m²)
Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Definitions: Luminance (L), cd/m²

Luminance Meter

Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf

 is the brightness of a luminous or illuminated surface
as perceived by the human eye.
 it expresses the intensity of the light emitted or
reflected by a surface per unit area.
 Symbol is (L)
 Unit of Measure is candela (cd/m²)
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Luminance (L) vs Illuminance (E)
King Abdullah Tunnel Commissioning

Documenting Results

Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf

Lux / Luminance Plotting

Luminance Measurements

Luxmeter Readings
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

Summary

Image Source: http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-light-levels

New Trends

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Formulas: Illuminance (E) on a Surface
1. What is the possible length & width of an area if a lamp emits 250
lumens and the ground gets 10 lux?
Formula:
Given:
Solution:
m²
Image Source: SLC - FOL

Therefore :

Φ = 250 lm
A=

Φ

=

E

L = 5 m

E = 10 LUX
250 lm
10 lm/m²

W = 5 m

= 25
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Formulas: Illuminance (E) at a Perpendicular Point
2. What is the possible mounting height of a luminiare if its downward
intensity is 1600 cd and the lux meter measured 100 lux?
Formula:
Given:
Solution:
m²/sr
Image Source: SLC - FOL

Therefore :

Ep = 100 LUX
d² =

I
E

d = 4m

=

I = 1600 cd
1600 lm/sr
= 16

100 lm/m²
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculations

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Formulas: Illuminance (E) at a non-Perpendicular Point
3. A point source luminiare is placed at a parapet of 3m height. It is aimed
to the ground 4.5m away. When measured by a lux meter, it shows 10
lux. How much is the luminaire’s candela power?
Frmla:
opp=4.5m

Given:

adj =3m

E = 10 lux
tan Ɵ = 3/4.5 =

Solution: get Ɵ, so
33.69

Ɵ = 56.31°
then, d = 3 ² + 4.5 ²
d = 5.408 m
E xd²
10 lm/m² x

(5.408m) ²
then, I =
Therefore :

=

cos Ɵ
I = 542.97 cd

cos 56.31 °
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Formulas: Illuminance (E) at a Point on the Road
Perpendicular Illuminance:

Inverse Square Law:
Since:

D = H / cos Φ,

and LLF included

Cosine Cubed Law as:

Therefore the summation of all calculated/measured results of
each point divided by the total number of points is what we call
Average Roadway Illuminance (Eave).
ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Annex A4

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Formulas: Pavement Luminance (L) at a Point

L = Pavement Luminance from one individual
luminaire at point P
I = Intensity at angles gamma and phi
r = Reduced coefficient of reflectance at
angles gamma and beta
MF = Multiplying Factor used by the r-Table
(often 10,000)
H = Luminaire mounting height above the pavement
surface (meters)
LLF = Light Loss Factor

Therefore the summation of all calculated/measured results of
each point divided by the total number of points is what we call
Average Roadway Luminance (Lave).
ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Annex A4
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Formulas: Pole Spacing

Eave = Average Illuminance (E) in lux
Φ = Initial Flux in lumens
CU = Coefficient of Utilization, Street Side
MF = Maintenance Factor or LLF
WR = Width of Roadway in meters
PS = Pole Spacing in meters

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
7435-250W MH Lamp with 19,000 lumens
7m Road width, 6m Pole Height
Maintenance Factor as 70%
What is the ideal Pole Spacing to achieve average
illuminance of 20 lux?

To get CU,
Road Width / Pole Height

Therefore to get Pole Spacing:

= 7m / 6m = 1.6
Therefore,
Street Side CU is 0.4
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Formulas: Pole Spacing

Eave = Average Illuminance (E) in lux
Φ = Initial Flux in lumens
CU = Coefficient of Utilization, Street Side
MF = Maintenance Factor or LLF
WR = Width of Roadway in meters
PS = Pole Spacing in meters

Therefore to get Pole Spacing:

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
7435-250W MH Lamp with 19,000 lumens
7m Road width, 6m Pole Height
Maintenance Factor as 70%
What is the ideal Pole Spacing to achieve average
illuminance of 5 lux?

Given Values:
CU = 0.4
MF = 0.7
Φ = 19,000 lm
WR = 7.0 m
Eave = 20 lux

Solution:
19000 lm x 0.40 x 0.70
PS =
7.0 m x 20 lm/m2

PS = 38m

Let’s Verify the Result in DIALux!
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

Formulas: Pole Spacing

New Trends

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

Formulas: Pole Spacing

New Trends

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Pole Details
TYPICAL POLE SETBACK
Design
Speed

Pole
Setback

50 kmh
0.8 m
80 kmh
1.0 m
100 kmh
1.5 m
120 kmh
1.5 m
BS EN 5489-1:2003 Section 5.2.1.2

RECOMMENDATIONS*
Pole
Heights
6.0 m
8.0 m
10.0 m
≥ 12.0 m

Pole Arm
Length
0.5 m
1.0 m
1.5 m
2.0 m

Arm Tilts
5°, 10°, 15°
5°, 10°, 15°
5°, 10°, 15°
5°, 10°, 15°

*Common Practice
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Formulas: Maintenance Factor (MF) or Light Loss Factor (LLF)
GE LUCALOX
Tubular HPS Lamp
LU 70/90/MO/T/E27 1/25
LU100/100/MO/T/40
LU150/100/40
LU250/T/40
LU400/T/40
LU1000/110/T/40 4pk

INITIAL
LUMENS

MEAN
LUMENS

LLD

6,473
9,880
15,490
28,750

6,000
9,600
15,000
28,500

48,300

48,000 99.38%

133,340

130,000 97.50%

Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD) –
Information about the chosen lamp and
its lumen depreciation and mortality are
available from lamp
manufacturers’ tables and graphs.

92.69%
97.17%
96.84%
99.13%

Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD) – is
determined by estimating from the
appropriate dirt condition curve and the
proper elapsed time in years of the
assumed cleaning cycle.

ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Annex A4
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Calculation & Measurement Grids
Key to the Figure
1 - Edge of Lane (required per lane)
2 - Last luminaire in calculation field
3 - Field of calculation
4 - Centre-line of lane
5 - First luminaire in calculation field
6 - Observation direction
7 - Observer's longitudinal position (60m away from
beginning of 1st luminiare)
X - denotes lines of calculation points in the
transverse and longitudinal directions.

BS EN 13201-3:2003 Section 7.1.4
In the longitudinal direction

D=S/N
For S≤30m, N = 10
D - is the spacing between points in the
longitudinal direction, in metres
For S≥30m, N = 10 but D = 3m (min)
S - is the spacing between luminaires in
the same row, in metres
D/2 – space on both ends

In the transverse direction

d = WL / 3
d - is the spacing between points in the
transverse direction, in metres
WL - is the width of the lane, in metres
d/2 - space on both ends
Sample DIALux Grid
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Luminaire Cutoff Classifications

SOURCE: ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Section 2.4.2

A201
Full-Cutoff

5393/4
Cutoff

7435
Semi-Cutoff

M250R2
Non-Cutoff

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Light Distribution Patterns
Type

Description

Type I

- is ideal for narrow walkways or bike paths. It's intended to be located at or near
the center of the pathway, approximately two mounting heights in width.

Type II

- is ideal for wider walkways, entrance roadways, bike paths and other long and
narrow lighting applications. Intended to be located near the side of a roadway,
approximately 1.75 mounting heights in width.

Type III

- is ideal for roadway, general parking, and other area lighting applications.
Intended to be located near the side of the area, approximately 2.75 mounting
heights in width.

Type IV

-is especially suited for wall mounting applications and for illuminating the
perimeter of parking areas. Intended to be located near the side of the area,
which is over 2.75 mounting heights in width. It produces a semicircular
distribution with essentially the same candlepower at lateral angles from 270 to 0
to 90 degrees.

Type V

- is ideal for general parking and area lighting applications. Intended to be located
at or near the center of an intersection or in a large area, since it has no beams
but produces a circular distribution with essentially the same candlepower at all
lateral angles.

IESNA Lighting Handbook 8th Edition, Chapter 22

Pattern

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Lighting Classes According to BS EN 13201-2:2003
ME Lighting Class - intended
for drivers of motorized
vehicles on traffic routes of
medium to high driving speeds.
CE Lighting Class – intended
for drivers of motorized
vehicles, and other road users,
on conflict areas such as
shopping streets, road
intersections of some
complexity, roundabouts,
queuing areas etc.
S Lighting Class - intended for
pedestrians and pedal cyclists
on footways, cycleways,
emergency lanes and other
road areas lying separately or
along the
carriageway of a traffic route,
and for residential roads,
pedestrian streets, parking
places, schoolyards etc.
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Lighting Classes According to BS EN 13201-2:2003

Different Types of Illuminances (E) per Lighting Class

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Lighting Classes According to BS EN 13201-2:2003

A Lighting Class – Similar to S Lighting Class but is defined in
terms of hemispherical illuminance as preferred by certain
countries.

ES Lighting Class – intended as additional classes for
pedestrian areas for the purposes of reducing crime and
suppressing feelings of insecurity. The criteria are in terms of
semi-cylindrical
illuminance

EV Lighting Class – intended as additional classes in situations
where vertical surfaces need to be seen, e.g. interchange
areas & toll booths. The criteria are in terms of vertical
illuminance.
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Luminous Intensity Classes from BS EN 13201-2:2003 Annex A
In some situations it can be necessary to restrict disability glare from installations where the threshold increment (TI)
cannot be calculated. A class can be chosen to meet appropriate requirements for restriction of disability glare and/or the
control of obtrusive light.

NOTE 1 The threshold increment (TI) measures the veiling luminance caused by disability glare in relation to the average road surface luminance,
approximately in proportion. The lamp output affects both terms equally and, therefore, the intensities in proportion to the lamp output are
used in the Table.
NOTE 2 G.1, G.2 and G.3 correspond to "semi cut-off" and "cut-off" concepts of traditional use, with requirements, however, modified to suit the
prevailing use of light sources and luminaires. G.4, G.5 and G.6 correspond to full cut-off.
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT / Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Glare Index Classes from BS EN 13201-2:2003 Annex A
Table 2 gives glare index classes D.0, D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4, D.5 and D.6 from which a class can be
chosen to meet appropriate requirements for restriction of discomfort glare.
The glare index is I x A-0.5, unit cd/m, where:
I is the maximum value of the luminous intensity (cd) in any direction forming an angle of 85°
from the downward vertical.
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

KSA – MOT Lighting Design Standards
REFLECTED
LIGHTING
Complete Brightness

Symbol & Unit of
INTERCHANGES MAIN ROAD
Measure

SERVICE
ROADS

UNDERBRIDGES
(day/night)

3.0

2.0

1.0

na

Overall Homogeneity

LAVE (cd/m²)
Uo

0.4

0.4

0.4

na

Homogeneity per lane

UL

0.7

0.7

0.7

na

EAVE

45 lux

35 lux

20 lux

750 lux / 65 lux

Lux Homogeniety G1

EMIN / EAVE

0.33

0.33

0.33

0.33

Lux Homogeniety G2

EMIN / EMAX

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

Horizontal Ave Lux

Cloverleaf Interchange

Main Roads

Ministry of Transportation

Service Roads
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT/Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

KSA – MOT Lighting Design Standards
RECOMMENDATION FOR INTERCHANGES
500m Radius from Center of Interchange
8 – Lanes, 14.6m both side with 20m Median
High Mast Scheme:
6 x SAUDILIGHTING XP201/5-1000B.SA.GL
1000W HPS Sodium, 130000 lumens
30m High Mast On Median
0.5 m High Mast Ring Radius with no tilt
100 m Pole Spacing

Results

Mast Profile

Pole Spacing/Arrangement

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT/Municipality

Recommendation

New Trends

KSA – MOT Lighting Design Standards
RECOMMENDATION FOR MAJOR ROADS
8 – Lanes, 14.6m both side with 9m Median
High Mast Scheme:
4 x SAUDILIGHTING XP201/5-1000B.SA.GL
1000W HPS Sodium, 130000 lumens
30m High Mast On Median
0.5 m High Mast Ring Radius with no tilt
100 m Pole Spacing

Mast Profile

Pole Spacing/Arrangement

Results

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

LED Replacement for Municipality Streetlighting
REFLECTED
LIGHTING
Complete Brightness

Symbol & Unit of
MAIN ROADS MINOR ROADS PARKING AREA
Measure
1.0

0.75

na

Overall Homogeneity

LAVE (cd/m²)
Uo

0.4

0.4

na

Homogeneity per lane

UL

0.7

0.6

na

EAVE

20 lux

10 lux

5 lux

Horizontal Ave Lux

Riyadh Municipality

Main Roads

Minor Roads

Parking/Walkway Areas
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

HEIRARCY OF ROADS

Type of Road

Pole Height

Lamp Wattage

Freeway

25m to 30m

600W to 1000w

Arterial Road

12m to 16m

400w to 600w

Collector Road

8m to 12m

400w to 600w

Local

6m to 8m

250w to 400w

Park/walkways

4m to 6m

70w to 250w
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

LED Replacement for Municipality Streetlighting
MAIN ROADS
Luminiare Details
SLC RL2R 5-Module
525mA

12m high Pole with 2m double straight arm with 5° tilt on Median Arrangement
Luminiare Flux

Luminaire Lave: 1.0 cd/m²
U0: 0.40
UL: 0.70
TI < 15
SR > 0.50
Power
Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2

10982 lumens

116.3 W

1.09

1.03

0.48

0.49

0.93

0.93

13

11

0.97

0.97

SLC 7435 250W HPS LHP1 19808 lumens

275.0 W

1.47

1.47

0.40

0.40

0.79

0.79

11

11

0.88

0.88

MINOR ROADS
Luminiare Details
SLC RL2R 2-Module
525mA

9m high Pole with 1.5m double straight arm with 5° tilt on Median Arrangement
Luminiare Flux
4894 lumens

SLC 7435 150W HPS LHP1 10233 lumens

PARKING LOT

Luminiare Details

Luminaire Lave: 0.75 cd/m²
U0: 0.40
UL: 0.60
TI < 15
SR > 0.50
Power
Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2
51.5 W

0.85

0.83

0.52

0.53

0.95

0.96

12

11

0.87

0.87

170.0 W

1.11

1.11

0.67

0.67

0.74

0.74

7

7

0.82

0.82

6m high Pole with 1m
double straight arm with 5°
tilt on Parking Divider
Luminiare Flux

Luminaire
Power

SLC RL2R 1-Module
525mA

2435 lumens

28.2 W

SLC 7422 70W HPS

3781 lumens

83.0 W

5-Module LED
@ 158W Savings

2-Module LED
@ 118.5W Savings

1-Module LED
@ 54.8W Savings
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

International Dark Skies Association

~ Light Tresspass
~ Bright Night Sky
~ Spill Light
~ Animal Behaviors
Recommendations
Lighting Zones
Curfew
Cut-off Luminaires
Shielded Luminaires

Image Source: FOL
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

Passive Safety Poles & Columns

CSS-SLL Passive Safety

New Trends

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

New Trends

Improved Maintenance Factor

High Mounting Poles and Avoiding to
use Bowl Diffusers, improve
Maintenance Factor of Luminaires

Reference: CSS-SLL Maintenance Factor

Closing
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Recommendation

New Trends

Closing

Helpful Links

Download DIALux Software:
http://www.dial.de/DIAL/en/dialux/download.html
Download SLC – DIALux Plugins:
http://www.dial.de/download/SaudiLighting/SaudiLightingCatalogue0811_20081107.exe
Download SLC Latest Product Catalogue:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/8ehxtldaj88g13y/SLC-Essential%20Catalogue%20%28Inside%20Pages%29%20FinalLow.pdf
Visit my Blog at: http://dialuxworks.wordpress.com/
ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads
Terminology

Formulas

Calculation

Photometric

Road Class

MOT /Min Reqt

Helpful Links

Recommendation

New Trends

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Road Lighting

  • 1. ROAD LIGHTING Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Michael Santiago |REE.AILP.MIES. LAD Engineer Saudi Lighting Co. Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers Central Region Chapter, Saudi Arabia IIEE-CRCSA 5th Technical Seminar May 10, 2013 White Palace Hotel
  • 2. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads WIFM? – What’s in it for me? A. THEORETICAL  Basic Lighting Terminologies  Fundamental Formulas  Manual Calculation & DIALux Verification  Photometric Data & Maintenance Factors  Road Lighting Class & Hierarchy B. PRACTICAL  MOT & Municipality Kinds of Road  SLC Recommended Schemes  Latest Road Lighting Trends
  • 3. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing INTRODUCTION Designing, developing and upgrading future-proof road networks for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a huge road network connecting its major cities and neighboring countries. It also has a large municipal and urban road network. Due to its harsh climate as well as the absence of maintenance management systems, the roads in the Kingdom require major re-construction and re-design, which in turn increases the cost of operations. The Ministry of Transport in Saudi Arabia has allocated SR11.3 billion in the current budget for 389 new road projects with a total length of 6,600 kilometers in various parts of the country. The ministry has also allocated SR750 million for road maintenance and SR50 million for conducting studies on 2,762 km of new roads SOURCE: http://www.roadsaudi.com/Event.aspx?id=487844
  • 4. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends REFERENCES IESNA http://ies.org/ Ministry of Transportation Riyadh Municipality https://www.mot.gov.sa/ar/Pages/home.aspx http://urbplandep.alriyadh.gov.sa/Eng/ ILP https://www.theilp.org.uk/home/ BS 5489 Part 1: 2003 http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/ProductDetail/?pid =000000000030217237 IESNA RP-8 http://www.ies.org/store/product/roadwaylighting-1028.cfm LICHT.DE http://www.licht.de Closing
  • 5. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends DEFINITIONS: (Relationship of Each Terms) Image Source: Zumtobel, The Lighting Handbook Closing
  • 6. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing DEFINITIONS: Luminous Flux (Φ) Lumen Comparison Lamp Data: Refer to Manufacturer 250W High Pressure Sodium Tubular Clear Brand Lamp Lamp Holder SON-T 250W/220 E40 1SL Philips E40 NAV-T 250 Osram E40 LU250/T/40 GE E40 Lumen Package 28,000 lumens 28,000 lumens 27,500 lumens  it is the rate at which light is emitted by a lamp. It defines the visible light radiating from a light source in all directions.  Symbol is (Φ)  Unit of Measure is lumen (lm)  Ratings are found in lamp manufacturers‘ lists. Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf
  • 7. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing DEFINITIONS: Luminous Intensity (I) I= Image Source: www.technikerschule-beckum.de  is the concept for the concentration of light in a specific direction, radiated per second.  It can also be defined as the luminous flux in a certain direction, radiated per unit of solid angle (steradian).  Symbol is (I)  Unit of Measure is candela (cd)  In general a light source will not radiate its luminous flux uniformly in all directions. Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf
  • 8. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Luminous Flux (Φ) vs Luminous Intensity (I) Normal 60W Incandescent Lamp Lamp Φ = 730 lm Max I = 108.2 cd/klm @62° below horizontal Image Source: Wikipedia Images Data Source: SLC Laboratory Testing
  • 9. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Definitions: Illuminance (E), lux Luxmeter  amount of luminous flux from a light source falling on a given surface.  is measured both n horizontal and vertical  Symbol is (E)  Unit of Measure is lux (cd/m²) Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf
  • 10. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Definitions: Luminance (L), cd/m² Luminance Meter Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf  is the brightness of a luminous or illuminated surface as perceived by the human eye.  it expresses the intensity of the light emitted or reflected by a surface per unit area.  Symbol is (L)  Unit of Measure is candela (cd/m²)
  • 11. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Luminance (L) vs Illuminance (E) King Abdullah Tunnel Commissioning Documenting Results Image Source: lichtwissen01_artificial_light.pdf Lux / Luminance Plotting Luminance Measurements Luxmeter Readings
  • 12. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation Summary Image Source: http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-light-levels New Trends Closing
  • 13. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Formulas: Illuminance (E) on a Surface 1. What is the possible length & width of an area if a lamp emits 250 lumens and the ground gets 10 lux? Formula: Given: Solution: m² Image Source: SLC - FOL Therefore : Φ = 250 lm A= Φ = E L = 5 m E = 10 LUX 250 lm 10 lm/m² W = 5 m = 25
  • 14. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Formulas: Illuminance (E) at a Perpendicular Point 2. What is the possible mounting height of a luminiare if its downward intensity is 1600 cd and the lux meter measured 100 lux? Formula: Given: Solution: m²/sr Image Source: SLC - FOL Therefore : Ep = 100 LUX d² = I E d = 4m = I = 1600 cd 1600 lm/sr = 16 100 lm/m²
  • 15. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculations Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Formulas: Illuminance (E) at a non-Perpendicular Point 3. A point source luminiare is placed at a parapet of 3m height. It is aimed to the ground 4.5m away. When measured by a lux meter, it shows 10 lux. How much is the luminaire’s candela power? Frmla: opp=4.5m Given: adj =3m E = 10 lux tan Ɵ = 3/4.5 = Solution: get Ɵ, so 33.69 Ɵ = 56.31° then, d = 3 ² + 4.5 ² d = 5.408 m E xd² 10 lm/m² x (5.408m) ² then, I = Therefore : = cos Ɵ I = 542.97 cd cos 56.31 °
  • 16. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Formulas: Illuminance (E) at a Point on the Road Perpendicular Illuminance: Inverse Square Law: Since: D = H / cos Φ, and LLF included Cosine Cubed Law as: Therefore the summation of all calculated/measured results of each point divided by the total number of points is what we call Average Roadway Illuminance (Eave). ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Annex A4 Closing
  • 17. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Formulas: Pavement Luminance (L) at a Point L = Pavement Luminance from one individual luminaire at point P I = Intensity at angles gamma and phi r = Reduced coefficient of reflectance at angles gamma and beta MF = Multiplying Factor used by the r-Table (often 10,000) H = Luminaire mounting height above the pavement surface (meters) LLF = Light Loss Factor Therefore the summation of all calculated/measured results of each point divided by the total number of points is what we call Average Roadway Luminance (Lave). ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Annex A4
  • 18. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Formulas: Pole Spacing Eave = Average Illuminance (E) in lux Φ = Initial Flux in lumens CU = Coefficient of Utilization, Street Side MF = Maintenance Factor or LLF WR = Width of Roadway in meters PS = Pole Spacing in meters SAMPLE PROBLEM: 7435-250W MH Lamp with 19,000 lumens 7m Road width, 6m Pole Height Maintenance Factor as 70% What is the ideal Pole Spacing to achieve average illuminance of 20 lux? To get CU, Road Width / Pole Height Therefore to get Pole Spacing: = 7m / 6m = 1.6 Therefore, Street Side CU is 0.4
  • 19. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Formulas: Pole Spacing Eave = Average Illuminance (E) in lux Φ = Initial Flux in lumens CU = Coefficient of Utilization, Street Side MF = Maintenance Factor or LLF WR = Width of Roadway in meters PS = Pole Spacing in meters Therefore to get Pole Spacing: SAMPLE PROBLEM: 7435-250W MH Lamp with 19,000 lumens 7m Road width, 6m Pole Height Maintenance Factor as 70% What is the ideal Pole Spacing to achieve average illuminance of 5 lux? Given Values: CU = 0.4 MF = 0.7 Φ = 19,000 lm WR = 7.0 m Eave = 20 lux Solution: 19000 lm x 0.40 x 0.70 PS = 7.0 m x 20 lm/m2 PS = 38m Let’s Verify the Result in DIALux!
  • 20. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation Formulas: Pole Spacing New Trends Closing
  • 21. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation Formulas: Pole Spacing New Trends Closing
  • 22. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Pole Details TYPICAL POLE SETBACK Design Speed Pole Setback 50 kmh 0.8 m 80 kmh 1.0 m 100 kmh 1.5 m 120 kmh 1.5 m BS EN 5489-1:2003 Section 5.2.1.2 RECOMMENDATIONS* Pole Heights 6.0 m 8.0 m 10.0 m ≥ 12.0 m Pole Arm Length 0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m 2.0 m Arm Tilts 5°, 10°, 15° 5°, 10°, 15° 5°, 10°, 15° 5°, 10°, 15° *Common Practice
  • 23. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Formulas: Maintenance Factor (MF) or Light Loss Factor (LLF) GE LUCALOX Tubular HPS Lamp LU 70/90/MO/T/E27 1/25 LU100/100/MO/T/40 LU150/100/40 LU250/T/40 LU400/T/40 LU1000/110/T/40 4pk INITIAL LUMENS MEAN LUMENS LLD 6,473 9,880 15,490 28,750 6,000 9,600 15,000 28,500 48,300 48,000 99.38% 133,340 130,000 97.50% Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD) – Information about the chosen lamp and its lumen depreciation and mortality are available from lamp manufacturers’ tables and graphs. 92.69% 97.17% 96.84% 99.13% Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD) – is determined by estimating from the appropriate dirt condition curve and the proper elapsed time in years of the assumed cleaning cycle. ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Annex A4
  • 24. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Calculation & Measurement Grids Key to the Figure 1 - Edge of Lane (required per lane) 2 - Last luminaire in calculation field 3 - Field of calculation 4 - Centre-line of lane 5 - First luminaire in calculation field 6 - Observation direction 7 - Observer's longitudinal position (60m away from beginning of 1st luminiare) X - denotes lines of calculation points in the transverse and longitudinal directions. BS EN 13201-3:2003 Section 7.1.4 In the longitudinal direction D=S/N For S≤30m, N = 10 D - is the spacing between points in the longitudinal direction, in metres For S≥30m, N = 10 but D = 3m (min) S - is the spacing between luminaires in the same row, in metres D/2 – space on both ends In the transverse direction d = WL / 3 d - is the spacing between points in the transverse direction, in metres WL - is the width of the lane, in metres d/2 - space on both ends Sample DIALux Grid
  • 25. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Luminaire Cutoff Classifications SOURCE: ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Section 2.4.2 A201 Full-Cutoff 5393/4 Cutoff 7435 Semi-Cutoff M250R2 Non-Cutoff Closing
  • 26. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Light Distribution Patterns Type Description Type I - is ideal for narrow walkways or bike paths. It's intended to be located at or near the center of the pathway, approximately two mounting heights in width. Type II - is ideal for wider walkways, entrance roadways, bike paths and other long and narrow lighting applications. Intended to be located near the side of a roadway, approximately 1.75 mounting heights in width. Type III - is ideal for roadway, general parking, and other area lighting applications. Intended to be located near the side of the area, approximately 2.75 mounting heights in width. Type IV -is especially suited for wall mounting applications and for illuminating the perimeter of parking areas. Intended to be located near the side of the area, which is over 2.75 mounting heights in width. It produces a semicircular distribution with essentially the same candlepower at lateral angles from 270 to 0 to 90 degrees. Type V - is ideal for general parking and area lighting applications. Intended to be located at or near the center of an intersection or in a large area, since it has no beams but produces a circular distribution with essentially the same candlepower at all lateral angles. IESNA Lighting Handbook 8th Edition, Chapter 22 Pattern Closing
  • 27. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Lighting Classes According to BS EN 13201-2:2003 ME Lighting Class - intended for drivers of motorized vehicles on traffic routes of medium to high driving speeds. CE Lighting Class – intended for drivers of motorized vehicles, and other road users, on conflict areas such as shopping streets, road intersections of some complexity, roundabouts, queuing areas etc. S Lighting Class - intended for pedestrians and pedal cyclists on footways, cycleways, emergency lanes and other road areas lying separately or along the carriageway of a traffic route, and for residential roads, pedestrian streets, parking places, schoolyards etc.
  • 28. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Lighting Classes According to BS EN 13201-2:2003 Different Types of Illuminances (E) per Lighting Class Closing
  • 29. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Lighting Classes According to BS EN 13201-2:2003 A Lighting Class – Similar to S Lighting Class but is defined in terms of hemispherical illuminance as preferred by certain countries. ES Lighting Class – intended as additional classes for pedestrian areas for the purposes of reducing crime and suppressing feelings of insecurity. The criteria are in terms of semi-cylindrical illuminance EV Lighting Class – intended as additional classes in situations where vertical surfaces need to be seen, e.g. interchange areas & toll booths. The criteria are in terms of vertical illuminance.
  • 30. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Luminous Intensity Classes from BS EN 13201-2:2003 Annex A In some situations it can be necessary to restrict disability glare from installations where the threshold increment (TI) cannot be calculated. A class can be chosen to meet appropriate requirements for restriction of disability glare and/or the control of obtrusive light. NOTE 1 The threshold increment (TI) measures the veiling luminance caused by disability glare in relation to the average road surface luminance, approximately in proportion. The lamp output affects both terms equally and, therefore, the intensities in proportion to the lamp output are used in the Table. NOTE 2 G.1, G.2 and G.3 correspond to "semi cut-off" and "cut-off" concepts of traditional use, with requirements, however, modified to suit the prevailing use of light sources and luminaires. G.4, G.5 and G.6 correspond to full cut-off.
  • 31. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT / Municipality Recommendation New Trends Closing Glare Index Classes from BS EN 13201-2:2003 Annex A Table 2 gives glare index classes D.0, D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4, D.5 and D.6 from which a class can be chosen to meet appropriate requirements for restriction of discomfort glare. The glare index is I x A-0.5, unit cd/m, where: I is the maximum value of the luminous intensity (cd) in any direction forming an angle of 85° from the downward vertical.
  • 32. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation New Trends Closing KSA – MOT Lighting Design Standards REFLECTED LIGHTING Complete Brightness Symbol & Unit of INTERCHANGES MAIN ROAD Measure SERVICE ROADS UNDERBRIDGES (day/night) 3.0 2.0 1.0 na Overall Homogeneity LAVE (cd/m²) Uo 0.4 0.4 0.4 na Homogeneity per lane UL 0.7 0.7 0.7 na EAVE 45 lux 35 lux 20 lux 750 lux / 65 lux Lux Homogeniety G1 EMIN / EAVE 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 Lux Homogeniety G2 EMIN / EMAX 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Horizontal Ave Lux Cloverleaf Interchange Main Roads Ministry of Transportation Service Roads
  • 33. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT/Municipality Recommendation New Trends KSA – MOT Lighting Design Standards RECOMMENDATION FOR INTERCHANGES 500m Radius from Center of Interchange 8 – Lanes, 14.6m both side with 20m Median High Mast Scheme: 6 x SAUDILIGHTING XP201/5-1000B.SA.GL 1000W HPS Sodium, 130000 lumens 30m High Mast On Median 0.5 m High Mast Ring Radius with no tilt 100 m Pole Spacing Results Mast Profile Pole Spacing/Arrangement Closing
  • 34. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT/Municipality Recommendation New Trends KSA – MOT Lighting Design Standards RECOMMENDATION FOR MAJOR ROADS 8 – Lanes, 14.6m both side with 9m Median High Mast Scheme: 4 x SAUDILIGHTING XP201/5-1000B.SA.GL 1000W HPS Sodium, 130000 lumens 30m High Mast On Median 0.5 m High Mast Ring Radius with no tilt 100 m Pole Spacing Mast Profile Pole Spacing/Arrangement Results Closing
  • 35. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation New Trends Closing LED Replacement for Municipality Streetlighting REFLECTED LIGHTING Complete Brightness Symbol & Unit of MAIN ROADS MINOR ROADS PARKING AREA Measure 1.0 0.75 na Overall Homogeneity LAVE (cd/m²) Uo 0.4 0.4 na Homogeneity per lane UL 0.7 0.6 na EAVE 20 lux 10 lux 5 lux Horizontal Ave Lux Riyadh Municipality Main Roads Minor Roads Parking/Walkway Areas
  • 36. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation New Trends Closing HEIRARCY OF ROADS Type of Road Pole Height Lamp Wattage Freeway 25m to 30m 600W to 1000w Arterial Road 12m to 16m 400w to 600w Collector Road 8m to 12m 400w to 600w Local 6m to 8m 250w to 400w Park/walkways 4m to 6m 70w to 250w
  • 37. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation New Trends Closing LED Replacement for Municipality Streetlighting MAIN ROADS Luminiare Details SLC RL2R 5-Module 525mA 12m high Pole with 2m double straight arm with 5° tilt on Median Arrangement Luminiare Flux Luminaire Lave: 1.0 cd/m² U0: 0.40 UL: 0.70 TI < 15 SR > 0.50 Power Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 10982 lumens 116.3 W 1.09 1.03 0.48 0.49 0.93 0.93 13 11 0.97 0.97 SLC 7435 250W HPS LHP1 19808 lumens 275.0 W 1.47 1.47 0.40 0.40 0.79 0.79 11 11 0.88 0.88 MINOR ROADS Luminiare Details SLC RL2R 2-Module 525mA 9m high Pole with 1.5m double straight arm with 5° tilt on Median Arrangement Luminiare Flux 4894 lumens SLC 7435 150W HPS LHP1 10233 lumens PARKING LOT Luminiare Details Luminaire Lave: 0.75 cd/m² U0: 0.40 UL: 0.60 TI < 15 SR > 0.50 Power Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 Road 1 Road 2 51.5 W 0.85 0.83 0.52 0.53 0.95 0.96 12 11 0.87 0.87 170.0 W 1.11 1.11 0.67 0.67 0.74 0.74 7 7 0.82 0.82 6m high Pole with 1m double straight arm with 5° tilt on Parking Divider Luminiare Flux Luminaire Power SLC RL2R 1-Module 525mA 2435 lumens 28.2 W SLC 7422 70W HPS 3781 lumens 83.0 W 5-Module LED @ 158W Savings 2-Module LED @ 118.5W Savings 1-Module LED @ 54.8W Savings
  • 38. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation New Trends Closing International Dark Skies Association ~ Light Tresspass ~ Bright Night Sky ~ Spill Light ~ Animal Behaviors Recommendations Lighting Zones Curfew Cut-off Luminaires Shielded Luminaires Image Source: FOL
  • 39. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation Passive Safety Poles & Columns CSS-SLL Passive Safety New Trends Closing
  • 40. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation New Trends Improved Maintenance Factor High Mounting Poles and Avoiding to use Bowl Diffusers, improve Maintenance Factor of Luminaires Reference: CSS-SLL Maintenance Factor Closing
  • 41. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Recommendation New Trends Closing Helpful Links Download DIALux Software: http://www.dial.de/DIAL/en/dialux/download.html Download SLC – DIALux Plugins: http://www.dial.de/download/SaudiLighting/SaudiLightingCatalogue0811_20081107.exe Download SLC Latest Product Catalogue: https://www.dropbox.com/s/8ehxtldaj88g13y/SLC-Essential%20Catalogue%20%28Inside%20Pages%29%20FinalLow.pdf Visit my Blog at: http://dialuxworks.wordpress.com/
  • 42. ROAD LIGHTING | Lighting Saudi Arabian Roads Terminology Formulas Calculation Photometric Road Class MOT /Min Reqt Helpful Links Recommendation New Trends Closing

Editor's Notes

  1. In general a light source will not radiate its luminous flux uniformly in all directions. If however, we imagine a sufficiently narrow cone, with its vertex at the light source (which is considered as a point), then the luminous flux contained in this cone will approximate a uniform distribution. The concentration of luminous flux within this narrow cone can now be defined as the luminous flux in this cone, divided by the opening of the cone, expressed in terms of the solid angle of the cone. The result is called the luminous intensity (I), measured in candelas (cd), in the direction of the center-line of the cone.
  2. In general a light source will not radiate its luminous flux uniformly in all directions. If however, we imagine a sufficiently narrow cone, with its vertex at the light source (which is considered as a point), then the luminous flux contained in this cone will approximate a uniform distribution. The concentration of luminous flux within this narrow cone can now be defined as the luminous flux in this cone, divided by the opening of the cone, expressed in terms of the solid angle of the cone. The result is called the luminous intensity (I), measured in candelas (cd), in the direction of the center-line of the cone.
  3. In general a light source will not radiate its luminous flux uniformly in all directions. If however, we imagine a sufficiently narrow cone, with its vertex at the light source (which is considered as a point), then the luminous flux contained in this cone will approximate a uniform distribution. The concentration of luminous flux within this narrow cone can now be defined as the luminous flux in this cone, divided by the opening of the cone, expressed in terms of the solid angle of the cone. The result is called the luminous intensity (I), measured in candelas (cd), in the direction of the center-line of the cone.