Here is my presentation on contraception (October 4th).

1. +
Contraception
Age group: High school
Mary McKeown
HE 230 OL
4 October, 2016

2. +
Why Should you use contraceptives?
 Prevent Pregnancy
 Prevent STIs STIs-sexually transmitted infections, also STDs
which are diseases
 However the ONLY 100% garentee against pregnancy and
STIs is abstinance from all sexual activity
 Vaginal, anal, oral
(“Types,” 2014)

3. +
Condoms: Male Condoms
 Covering placed over erect penis
 Purchased over the counter
 Prevents sperm/semen from
entering vagina
 Can reduce risk of STIs and
HIV, though not 100%
 Correct use and consistancy are
key
 Most Protection Against…
 STIs spread through body fluid
 Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, HIV
 Less protection Against…
 STIs spread by skin-to-skin
contact
 Genital Herpes, HPV
 HPV associated with genital
warts and cervical cancer(“Condom fact,” 2013)

4. +
Condoms: Female Condom
 Placed inside the vagina
 Not to be used at the same time as a male condom
 Purchased over the counter
 Helps prevent STIs but not as effectively as male condoms
(“Barrier methods,” 2014)

5. +
Barrier Methods
* Do not prevent STIs*
Cervical Cap
 Insert through
vagina, covers
cervix
 Prevents sperm
entry to uterus
 Prescription
needed, doctor
must fit it
 Leave in 6 hours
after sex, remove
before 48 hours
Diaphragm
 Insert through
vagina, covers
cervix
 Use with
spermacide each
time (foam,
cream, jelly)
 Prescription
needed, doctor
must fit it
 Insert 6 hours
before sex,
remove up to 6-8
hours after(“Barrier methods,” 2014) (“Types,” 2014)

6. +
Barrier Methods, continued
Contraceptive Sponge
 Inserted into vagina, must wet it first
 Purchased over the counter
 Made of foam, contains spermicide
 Leave in up to 6 hours after
(“Barrier methods,” 2014) (“Types,” 2014)

7. +
Hormonal Methods
*Do not prevent STIs*
*Prevent ovulation*
Hormone Patch
 Wear on buttocks, upper arm/back, stomach
 Releases hormones, absorbed through skin
 Prescription needed
 Attach, wear 3 weeks, remove and be without for 1 week, new
patch following week
Hormonal Injection
 Doctor administers shot every 3 months
 Delivers hormones into bloodstream
(“Female hormonal,” 2015) (“Types,” 2014)

8. +
Hormonal Methods, continued
Hormonal Implant
 Small rod placed under skin of upper arm
 Inserted by doctor every 3 years
 Releases the hormone progesterone
Vaginal Ring
 Flexible ring inserted into vagina
 Prescription needed
 Insert ring, wait 21 days then remove, wait 7 more
days them insert new
(“Female hormonal,” 2015) (“Type,” 2014)

9. +
Oral Contraceptives- Birth Control Pills
*Two types are available*
Combonation Pill
 Contains estrogen and
progesterone
 Prescription needed
 Taken by mouth every
day around same time
 Prevents ovulation
“Mini Pill”
 Contains only
progesterone
 Prescription needed
 Taken by mouth every
day around same time
 Prevents ovulation
 Causes changes to
cervix/uterus so sperm
cannot get to egg
(“Female hormonal,” 2015) (“Types,” 2014)

10. +
How Birth Control Hormones Work
Estrogen
 Keeps pituitary gland from making folicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH) so ovulation does not occur
Progesterone
 Keeps pituitary gland from making LH so ovulation does not occur
 Prevents egg from being able to stay in the unerine lining
 Impairs sperm’s ability to fertilize the egg
 Enhances the thickness of cervical mucus so sperm can’t move as easily
(“How,” 2015)

11. +
Intra-Uterine Device (IUD)
IUD-Hormonal
 Releases progesterone
 Inserted through vagina
by doctor
 Can be left in for up to 5
years
IUD-Copper
 Copper causes changes
in environment of uterus
 Inserted through vagina
by doctor
 Can be left in for up to
10 years
(“Other birth,” 2015) (“Types,” 2014)

12. +
Just Remember…
 Choose the method that is right for you-what will you be
able to do consistantly?
 Be consistent and follow the directions of your birth
control method

13. + References
N.a. (2014). Birth control: Female barrier methods. Retrieved from http://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/female-barrier-methods/
N.a. (2015). Birth control: Female hormonal methods. Retrieved from http://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/female-hormonal-
methods/
N.a. (2015). Birth control: Other birth control methods for females. Retrieved from http://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/birth-
control-other-methods/
N.a. (2013). Condom fact sheet in brief. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/brief.html
N.a. (2015). How do birth control pills work?. Retrieved from http:// www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/how-do-
birth-control-pills-work
N.a. (2014). Types of birth control. Retrieved from http://girlshealth.gov/body/sexuality/bc_types.html