2. Positional Terminology
Recumbent: Refers to lying down or back
Lateral: Refers to the side
Dorsal: Refers to the back(spine side)
Sternal: Refers to the underside
(sternum/abdomen)
3. Know Normal Behavior
Important in determining which restraint
technique to use
Differences between species
4. Sheep Terminology
“Ovine”
Ruminant Herbivores
– Ewe: Female of reproductive age
– Ram: Intact male of reproductive age
– Lamb: young sheep of either sex
– Wether: neutered adult male
– Mutton: meat derived from adult sheep
5. Sheep Production
Economical & efficient production of meat, wool and milk
Combination
Meat Breeds Wool Breeds
Breeds
Suffolk
Rambouillet Polypay
Dorset
Merino Texel
Hampshire
Debouillet Tunis
Southdown
Columbia Leicester
Oxford
Targhee Cheviot
Shropshire
8. Sheep Behavior
VERY herd conscious – usually driven in bunches
“Safety in numbers”
Wide visual field - ~ 270°
Highly sensitive to excessive noise
9. Sheep Behavior: Fight or Flight
Different responses to handling based on
breed
White-faced wool breeds have greater
flocking instinct
Fight or Flight zone depends on where
sheep is raised:
Barn raised – shorter flight zone
Rarely saw people – bigger flight zone
10. Sheep Behavior
Very athletic!
– Will climb over each other when driven into
enclosures
– BEWARE: Lambs can sustain traumatic injuries -
use care when driving them!
When angry, will stamp front feet or head butt
(especially rams!)
11. Capture and Restraint of Sheep
“Work” flock into small pen or enclosures
Approach individual slowly
Capture animal by putting one arm around its
neck and front quarters then quickly wrapping
other hand around rear quarters and grabbing its
tail stump (dock)
Guide animal into desired area for treatment
12. Capture and Restraint of Sheep
Can use Shepherd’s Crook
– Use to hook a back leg in the hock area
– Work quickly so animal doesn’t fight
crook and break its leg
13. Restraint of Sheep
RUMPING
– Very easy method of immobilizing animal for
routine husbandry
– Hoof trimming
– Shearing wool
– SQ vaccinations
14. http://www3.northampton.edu/club/navta/Fall2006.pdf
Animal rests on
its hind quarters
to enable
technicians to
clean and trim
its hooves
and conduct a
physical exam.
Note: the
animal’s back is
supported
against the legs
of its restrainer
23. Goat Behavior
Highly social animals!
Flock together in extended family groups
Males and females will establish social
dominance via fighting
Use horns for fighting, so group the herd
according to whether they’re horned or de-
horned
24. Goat Behavior
Unlike sheep, they will not stay together when
herded, instead will scatter
Best to ID the lead goat (usually a doe) and
guide her into pen and the others will follow
25. Goat Behavior
Generally docile and handled easily
use the
Goats DON’T tolerate rough minimum
treatment amount
of restraint
necessary!
If you’re rough, they get agitated
and will try to butt
26. Goat Behavior
Hair raised along spine
Warning Stamping foot
Signs! Sneezing/Snorting
Rearing up on hind legs
27. Goat Capture and Restraint
To capture: grab one of its front legs and
lift animal;
Can use shepherd’s crook
Push animal against a wall/fence with your legs
and hips to restrain it
Place knee firmly in animal’s flank
28. Goat Restraint
Do not rump a goat to do any procedure!
Back animal’s hindquarters into a corner, and
straddle animal at the shoulders while holding
its head (good for TPR, and venipuncture)
Normal pulse
rate in goats is
70-90 BPM
30. Goats: Restraining the Head
Necessary for eye exams, oral meds and
jugular blood collection
Two methods:
– Place hands on cheeks, wrap fingers around
jawbone and hold firmly
– Grasp beard with one hand and encircle neck with
the other to stabilize head*
* Beware mating season!!
31. Restraining for Venipuncture
Cephalic Venipuncture
– Straddle goat’s shoulders, place one hand around
neck to stabilize head. Use other hand to hold out
leg, “roll” vein and stabilize elbow.
Jugular Venipuncture
– Back goat into corner and push it sideways into
wall. Use one hand to hold head to the side and one
hand to hold off the vein
33. QUESTION OF THE DAY…
If a pig loses its voice,
is it disgruntled ?
34. Swine Terminology
“Porcine”
Monogastric omnivores
– Sow = Adult female
– Boar = Adult male
– Piglet/Farrow = Young
– Gilt = Sexually mature female, no litter yet
– Barrow = Castrated male
35. Swine Breeds: Top Breeds
American Yorkshire Duroc
http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/
Hampshire
36. Swine Behavior
Intelligent, stubborn, vocal and at times vicious
Easily frightened due to poor eyesight
Can be incredibly dangerous to restrain
When stressed or treated roughly, can become
hyperthermic easily!
37. Swine Behavior
When aggressive, pigs will use sharp teeth
Unlike sheep and goats, pigs can’t be herded;
Will come to the rescue of a distressed herd
mate! Beware!
ALWAYS have an escape
route when working with pigs!
38. Tools for Capture and Restraint
Pig Boards
– Flat, solid piece of wood, plastic,
metal large enough to cover
handler’s legs
– Use as barrier to move pig in
direction you want
– Make sure board is touching
ground, otherwise pig will try to
go under it
39. Tools for Capture and Restraint
Paddles
– Flat board on a long stick
– Gently tap pig on shoulder, rump or side of face to
direct it in direction you want
– Do NOT slap the pig with the paddle. It will become
enraged and you will NOT win!
40. Capture and Restraint of Pigs
Lifting pigs
– Use on pigs > 50lbs
– Good for castration, vaccination and
administering meds
41. Tools for Restraint
Hog Snare
– Long metal pole with cable
loop on end
– Use for large pigs
– Dangle loop in front of pig’s
snout; when pig opens mouth,
push loop into mouth behind
tusks and tighten
– Move quickly, as pig will whip
around to get free.
42. Tools for Restraint
V-Trough
– Used for placing smaller pigs on
their back
– Stretch pig’s legs to secure ropes
– Stretch pig’s neck for
venipuncture
