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English Página 1
CARCHI STATE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF NURSING
STUDENT: Marco Hernán Pulloquinga Siza
5th Semester
TEACHER: Iban Fuertes
TULCÁN AUGUST 2013
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APPRECIATION................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
OBJECTIVES..................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
JUSTIFICATION...................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
BIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
DOSSIER............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
PERSONAL RESOURCES.............................................................. ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
MODULE 1 ......................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
MODULE 2............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
MODULE 3............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
MODULE 4............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
MODULE 5............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
CLASS.................................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
CONCLUSIONS...................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
REFERENCES ......................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
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1. APPRECIATION
I would like these lines serve to express my deep and sincere gratitude to all
those who have collaborated with their help for the acquisition of knowledge which
are reflected in the implementation of this work, but mostly for motivation and
support received. Deserves special recognition for your interest in my work and the
suggestions received by people close which lead me to beat and be getting better,
I am indebted for the encouragement and confidence instilled in me deposited.
Deserves special thanks for understanding, patience and encouragement
received from my family and my teacher basically Iban Fuertes a great job instilling
wise to impart knowledge which will be used for the development of my career and
for life.
To everyone, thank you very much.
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2. OBJECTIVES
2.1. GENERAL
Buying all the necessary skills to decipher, understand and interpret texts of any
kind in the English language
2.2. SPECIFIC
 Expand our knowledge in order to achieve thus a proper understanding of
the English language
 Keep the knowledge acquired in class to language development based on a
constructive practice the same
 Aplicar los Conocimientos aprendidos en el aula
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3. INTRODUCTION
English has established worldwide as the most useful language and is the most
in demand as a second language worldwide. The English dominates in business,
science, tourism and popular culture, is aimed at people who attend or intend to
study different careers. Nowadays we are living different changes in the levels of
learning, either across the board, scientifically or technically, especially when it
comes to learning new languages. Changes that learning is not only a means of
communication but also the need to achieve new goals in different areas of human
development.
When we are living in a time in which the English language has become
increasingly important so both because of the circumstances and the
communication link has gained nearly reach internationally. Going the natural
distances could comment today as English like what happened in the middle Ages
with the Latin. It traveled less, but that joy for two travelers’ cults found in various
parts of the world and able to communicate in the same language, despite the
various changes that have arisen throughout history. For this reason there is the
urgent need to raise awareness not only linguistic changes but how to implement
them.
English Página 6
4. JUSTIFICATION
The fundamental reason why English is so important study because it is
essential to use as a means of communication. The Englishman will give us access
to better education and better opportunities, give us access to current and
complete information, we will know the latest developments and can access most
scientific texts, academic and technology, written in English.
We show other cultures, lifestyles and different ways of thinking, you can meet
new and interesting and understand their customs. Thus provide the opportunity to
acquire knowledge and vocabulary, each time a better understanding, confidence
will increase, and thus demonstrate several fundamental and necessary language
skills for career development
English Página 7
5. BIOGRAPHY
My name is Marco Pulloquinga, I'm from Latacunga, I have 22, my mother's
name is Maria del Carmen Siza, my father Pulloquinga Second, I have two
brothers, my older brother called Edison Siza, is 25 and my sister's name is
Angelica Pulloquinga , has 20 years, my primary education developed in the
Columbus school and develop my secondary studies at San Antonio de Padua,
currently studying Nursing at the State University Carchí, I'm finishing the 5th level,
race decided study because it is a career that crave from my childhood, also
because I have decided to help people who need my help, and the biggest
opportunity of my life is to face my challenges presented each day in my life,
showing me ability, my ability and justifying what one sets in life is attainable.
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6. DOSSIER
English Página 9
ENSAY
NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level
6.1. INFLUENCE OF CLOTHING IN MOOD
Usually about the influence of clothing on the mood I will relate a little about the
history of colors, these do affect the mood of the people. In turn colors like white,
light blue, brown, green colors were considered reassuring. The black, white and
red are used mainly in ceremonial rites, mainly to distinguish the main characters
in these activities.
Red is the warmest of colors. It's exciting and energizes the wearer. It means
strength, love, sacrifice, courage, optimism and victory. But blood, fire, aggression,
passion provocative. People who wear red, you cannot help but always notice. Red
is a color that gets a lot of attention and demand action. People whose dress is
red, give the feeling of being passionate, living the moment and like to experience
anything new. They are direct and honest, and although people may not like what
they say or think, at least you know you can stick to them. As a color of passion
and life energy produces a feeling of great sensuality, produces a large appetite
and raises blood pressure. About a red dress predominant increase its imaging too
sexy, provocative and banned, subtracting a little credibility to his words. Use
caution in the circumstances in which it is used.
My comment is that through the colors that each one of the items we use greatly
affect our mood, for example the use of dark colors like black show us his sadness,
internal suffering through her clothes we can identify, however, the use of clothes
with different colors show us happiness, love and tenderness that the person has
and identified by his hyperactivity, his skill, dynamism, and relationship with other
people.
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But although it is said that clothes influence the mood of that person, we can say
that many times when we look at a person wearing an outfit broken in parts, give
us a sign that your household does not perhaps they want their economic or home
because there are many problems that have affected your mood makes you not
put importance of how to dress or how it should appear before other people.
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6.2. CROSSWORD
NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level
1. People, who do not make a good distribution of litter, produce environmental
polluting in both their home and the other people.
2. In latacunga find much food is nourishing as Chugchucaras case of the
hornado and the finer things.
3. To get a profession need to put all the effort and show people that we are
capable of doing.
4. Alcohol consumption by young people should be the negative influences of
households who do not get attention and observe their evil way.
5. Healthy food is what we feed but decreasing overall consumption of fat,
sugar and salt to prevent disease.
6. The most important events during the holiday Tulcán is the crier and his
show that captivates people.
7. For party decorations john need to buy in a bazaar which usually is in the
center.
8. The whole of patients who were treated had flu symptoms.
9. During the draw which takes place tomorrow, will be a winner among the
coupons that are in the box.
10.People starting to recycle cardboard, plastic bottles are generating new
jobs for the welfare of his family.
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6.3. HOMEWORK
NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level
 Victor work at 7:00, he always eats lunch at 12:00 every day. He was
watching TV while, we were cooking the soap, and he has his bicycle to go
to work but. He isn’t gone to work yesterday.
 My aunt comes every day at 6:00 pm to visit. She went to a party today. She
is young. She and her friend traveled to Atacames ride next week.
 He children go to school at 7:00 am but they left the house at 6:45 am he
was studying the lesson his mom yesterday while reviewing the works.
 My friend cyclist went from Colombia to Ecuador in four days. His brother is
going to liga stadium to play football game. My mom walked quietly in to my
room
 My friend Monica was scared when she saw the mouse I had three tickets
for a concert of tony Melendez but unfortunately I lost them the concert is
going to take place at believe park.
 Carlos is fifteen years old, I always celebrate my birthday I usually have a
party in the yard. Mi cousin rocio is as good as I am at drawing. Our friend
Julian is better than us. They were going to play tennis.
 I get home at about 8:00 in the morning and while I am cleaning my room, I
found my red T-shirt.
 My mother is writing to invite you to my party next Sunday, It was nice of
you to invite me but I’m afraid.
 I can’t make it , I have a math test next Saturday and I’ll be at home
studying all weekend congratulations anyway I always knew you were good
at experiments.
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 David and kenay are brothers but also best friends. When they get home
from school in the afternoon. They usually do their homework together. He
gets sick of watching TV and reads magazines, I want to read a book but
there’s nothing good in my bookcase.
 Javier has a lot of homework during the week and I don’t have any spare
time. So on the weekend I try to relax and have fun. On Saturday mornings.
I usually sleep at ten thirty. I get up, take a shower and have a big breakfast.
 My friends and I love watching movies. Marco and I love going to the
movies. We don’t enjoy staying at home and watching DVDS. But our friend
Brian doesn’t like going to the movies. He loves watching DVDS.
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6.4. ENSAY
NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level
Thought as was the past and how is this makes us think that the reality of the world
is changing but there are facts that do not change as the war in the Middle East
where there is poverty, death above all economic losses that do not allow develop
in this country, and if we talk about what happened to the twin towers are still
terrorists who threaten the lives of human persons, but rescue them positive things
as the first satellite to Ecuadorians and now created from images obtained beyond
the outside land technological advances that continue to stop every time you
search for a solution to all the problems that are in the world.
If we talk about the way we can rescue sports events such as the story of Pele who
was the best player in the world at the time, but at this present time we see that
everything can change by the commitment and agouti that put people to achieve
their goals such as Leonel Messy a great player who overcame all the best players
from the previous season with only winning 4 gold balls consecutively, being the
best scorer in the Spanish league championships achieved at all, but if we start
talking I emphasize how bad the Colombian guerrilla will not end, contract killings
prevailing worldwide as it is a problem that has not yet entered solution, but all
reduce deaths from these causes, if we talk of global warming start saying that if
we polluted the planet very soon see the consequences of not preventing and try to
improve our world, so now there are more weather problems and natural disasters
are stronger each time.
My comment is observed that the past and the present is the same because there
are positive and negative things that have happened in all these years, however
the most paramount at this time is to try to improve those negative things for the
future of other people as investigate the cure of certain diseases that were
currently not pollute the world for natural disasters and improve the conditions for
peace in countries that are at war and misery to people who have no guilt, all this
depends on us to obtain a better future and to distinguish the past.
English Página 16
6.5. HOMEWORK
NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level
1. In the morning my father gets up early to make sport, does gymnastics and
then lift weights, but sometimes exaggerates as much effort are sports so
dehydrated sweat through the skin so my father takes much liquid after
Gatorade especially sports and also energetic as the banana and oatmeal.
2. At a meeting of friends jhon was shy because when someone in the group
liked felt very bad that made him want to run, then we had to make him lose
that quality, when we locked him in a room with a friend so the
demonstrated courage and then we surprised to see that it came out
running and faced with the situation.
3. My brother during the developmental stage thinking not getting his title by
economic conditions so it was about to retire, when my mother did whatever
it pa to help my brother when we were surprised to see achieved his title
and now not is more to be grateful to my mother.
4. While conducting the practice in southern sub-center Tulcán, in addition to
taking vital signs, administering vaccines is important to carry out an
educational small talk to patients to prevent diseases that are often caused
by hygiene poor nutrition and poor in their homes.
5. I love to go off to visit my love, for the work I have not had much time to
devote to it, now that I got my observations overnight stop my girlfriend want
to kiss and hug also, show how much love and above all deliver a gift that
led from Ibarra. Skinny cometh soon.
6. Studying nursing career is not just studying and getting good grades is a
process where we learn important values such as respect, humility,
friendship and responsibility depends on this patient to provide quality care
and warmth. Also is a race that has so much commitment to the recovery of
patient and depends heavily on each other and the effort that we put.
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7. john is reading a book her mother suddenly arrives and sends him to wash
dishes then john gets angry and tells his mother always bossing so punish
him and not give him money for his fun, then john’s sad I did not know to do
when he emerged an idea to apologize to his mother and was able to leave
his fun.
8. Is very difficult to keep going if I have a problem to solve with my daughter,
long time no see and I need to be at his side, sometimes I think you have to
accept that life is so important but it is also the affection and love of his
father so I have not stopped thinking and find a solution so that it can see
and so in this way be more quiet.
9. Grades we got this first part is acceptable because it means that we should
put more effort but want to lose the year and also makes us think of how
bad we are doing with our lives. In the future we will need a career and
everything is up to us to learn from our typos and move on.
10.The newborn during its growth stage to develop all your organs especially
the lungs and that the important thing at this stage is your respiratory
system responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, so that
the mother should give a good feed as breastfeeding until six months of age
and from there we started to supplementary feeding such as castings and
fruits.
English Página 18
ENSAY
FOR: Marco Pulloquinga five level
6.6. MY FAVORITE FOOD THE CHUGCHUCARAS
The Chugchucaras are one of the tastiest dishes of the traditional cuisine of
Ecuador. This dish has its origins in the Ecuadorian highlands, specifically in the
city of Latacunga, Cotopaxi Province, although it can be found in other cities,
especially in the central highlands region. While Ecuador is a small country in
territory, is very abundant in their variety of dishes, flavors and well known for their
high nutritional value.
The Chugchucaras consist of fried pork, mote, fries, fried plantains, empanadas,
popcorn and pork skin burst. You can serve with pepper to taste. In this dish
includes ingredients of different agricultural and animal products available in the
area, as well as bananas coming from the tropical lowlands.
for we must cook prepares chugchucaras in ¼ liter of water pork previously diced
and seasoned with salt, pepper, cumin and garlic, when it dries out add a little oil to
finish cooking the pork. Mote let it soak the night before and you'll be cooking with
salt water, to prepare the dish is put on lettuce leaves a portion of pork, busted
leather portion, fried ripe sliced, fried whole potatoes, roasted , mote, popcorn and
2 pies wind on each plate.
Best Chugchucaras Latacunga we can enjoy in the restaurant of Dona Rosita, a
building that is located on the Pan-American Highway. We can also find tasty in
Quito Chugchucaras Tradition Restaurant on Avenida Amazonas near the Plaza
de Toros or Peters Restaurant on Av Rio Coca.
My conclusion is that the Chugchucaras is a gastronomic and healthy dish for all
the people who want to taste of this typical dish that can be found in a beautiful city
Latacunga also find beautiful places find typical meals. We can also say that
Chugchucaras is very typical of the Central Sierra region, since we should go
Latacunga to taste this dish typical or do it in our own home with the necessary
ingredients and preparation mode is written in this article.
English Página 19
HOMEWORK
NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level
6.7. PRESENT TENSE, PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST
TENSE
1. fabricio plays football on Saturday. but today is playing basketball
2. Paúl climb a mountain, thought it was exciting.
3. I work in the fire department. I am studying nursing at the moment.
4. Raúl always running, because he loves the sport.
5. I'm watching the movie that I like. this is my favorite.
6. I am traveling to the beach. I like the sea and coastal food
7. I did not study for the test because I was accompanying my mother in
hospital.
8. I sing vallenato, but today I'm singing halls.
9. I live in latacunga, but I'm working on ibarra.
10. My mother cooks at home, but we are having lunch in a restaurant.
English Página 20
6.8. ENSAY
NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level
Thought as was the past and how is this makes us think that the reality of the world
is changing but there are facts that do not change as the war in the Middle East
where there is poverty, death above all economic losses that do not allow develop
in this country, and if we talk about what happened to the twin towers are still
terrorists who threaten the lives of human persons, but rescue them positive things
as the first satellite to Ecuadorians and now created from images obtained beyond
the outside land technological advances that continue to stop every time you
search for a solution to all the problems that are in the world.
If we talk about the way we can rescue sports events such as the story of Pele who
was the best player in the world at the time, but at this present time we see that
everything can change by the commitment and agouti that put people to achieve
their goals such as Leonel Messy a great player who overcame all the best players
from the previous season with only winning 4 gold balls consecutively, being the
best scorer in the Spanish league championships achieved at all, but if we start
talking I emphasize how bad the Colombian guerrilla will not end, contract killings
prevailing worldwide as it is a problem that has not yet entered solution, but all
reduce deaths from these causes, if we talk of global warming start saying that if
we polluted the planet very soon see the consequences of not preventing and try to
improve our world, so now there are more weather problems and natural disasters
are stronger each time.
My comment is observed that the past and the present is the same because there
are positive and negative things that have happened in all these years, however
the most paramount at this time is to try to improve those negative things for the
future of other people as investigate the cure of certain diseases that were
currently not pollute the world for natural disasters and improve the conditions for
peace in countries that are at war and misery to people who have no guilt, all this
depends on us to obtain a better future and to distinguish the past.
English Página 21
7. PERSONAL RESOURCES
7.1. MODULE 1
Present simple - (simple present tense)
Simple Present tense is used to describe habitual actions that occur with some
frequency and makes no reference to whether it is happening in the present.
• I play tennis. I play tennis.
(He mentions a sport I do not necessarily every day and I'm playing at the
moment). He works in an office. He works in an office.
(Refers to work that develops a person often). They travel to Madrid. They travel to
Madrid.
(Talk about a trip that is repeated every day, even if the subject is not doing now).
Below are affirmative forms, interrogative and negative this tense:
Present progressive
The Present Progressive or Continuous is used in English to discuss ongoing
situations that have started but have not yet come to an end: It's raining (It's
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raining). This verb is often used to describe situations that we have before our eyes
and we know that adults develop as we speak. Therefore, very often the Present
Progressive is accompanied by adverbs or adverbial expressions as now, at the
moment, at present, currently etc.
Forms of the Present Progressive or Continuous:
1. affirmatively
The Present Progressive or Continuous is a form composed of the auxiliary verb
TO BE, conjugated according to the subject of the sentence, and the present
participle form of the main verb (V + ing).
• I am reading the newspaper.
• He is having a shower.
• We are playing tennis.
Two. interrogative
Since the Present Progressive contains the verb TO BE and auxiliary, the
interrogative form is obtained by reversing the order of the auxiliary and the
subject:
• Are you reading the newspaper?
• Is he having a shower?
• Are they playing tennins?
Three. negatively
The negative form of the Present Progressive is the negative form of the verb TO
BE accompanied by the present participle of the main verb:
• I'm not reading the newspaper.
• He is not having a shower.
English Página 23
• We aren't playing tennis.
IMPORTANT
The Present Progressive or Continuous is a verbal form consists, therefore the two
elements (the auxiliary and the participle present) are required. A phrase like * I
reading the newspaper is incorrect.
7.2. MODULE 2
Past simple - (simple past tense)
Simple Past tense is used to describe actions that have happened at an earlier
time and have already completed, for example:
• She cleaned her house. She cleaned her house.
• I broke the window. I broke the window.
Here we see their conjugation in the Spanish equivalent to the Past Indefinite.
Notice that the sentence structure is similar to the Simple Present:
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Both the negative interrogative as auxiliary DID is used as it is the past form of the
verb "TO DO" and accompanies the main verb in its infinitive form. Negations can
be used in the contracted form of DID or DID NOT. In the top box uses the verb To
Play (Play) as an example.
By expressing a sentence in the Simple Past is understood that the action is
unrelated to the present, as shown in the following cases:
• I lost the keys. He lost the keys.
• (Perhaps in this the've found.) She lent me a book. She lent me a book.
• (You might already have returned it).
It is also possible to indicate the time when the action is to tell time more
accurately:
• They saw the movie last night. They saw the movie last night.
• We went to London yesterday. We went to London yesterday.
Past progressive
I past progressive tense is Difficult For many non-native speakers to master
Because many languages do not have an equivalent.
The past progressive describe an action That was in progress at a specific time in
the past. It can be used:
To describe an action That started in the past and was interrupted by another
action:
• I was writing an e-mail When the phone rang.
• When the phone rang, I was writing an e-mail.
• While I was writing an e-mail, the phone rang
To describe two actions That were in progress at the same time in the past:
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• I was preparing dinner while Melanie was working upstairs.
• While Melanie was working upstairs, I was preparing dinner
Note: The word order in the sentence can be switched around as in the examples
above, however it, it is important to remember That we use the time expression
while before the past progressive and the word before the past simple When part
of the sentence. Use only one of These time expressions in each sentence.
The past progressive is Formed using was or were and the ing (present participle)
form of the verb.
OBJECT QUESTIONS (order questions): These are the questions we ask to know
about WHO or WHAT falls the action the subject.
They have the following structure:
[Interrogative pronoun + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb +?]
Examples of such questions are:
• "Who did you tell?" (Who do you tell?) In Spanish are recognized to begin with
"Who".
• "What does she usually we read?" (What do you read it?)
• "Who does she know?" (Who do you know her?)
Sentences with two objects support two different QUESTIONS OBJECT:
• "She gave the money to Michael."
• Question 1: "What did she give to Michael?" Answer 1: "The money."
• Question 2: "Who did she give the money to?" Answer 2: "To Michael."
SUBJECT QUESTIONS (subject questions): These are the questions we ask when
we want to know WHO or WHAT performs the action. They have a different
structure to the object questions:
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[Interrogative Pronoun + Verb + Object +?]
• "Who told you?" (Who told you?)
• "Who lives her?" (Who lives here?)
• "What killed the dog?" (What killed the dog?
7.3. MODULE 3
El Present Perfect Progressive
The Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive (or Continuous) have
in common the fact that both refer to a situation that has a link with the present.
This is one of the features of the Present Perfect in general, as we mentioned in
the post When using Present Perfect or Simple Past. In the case of the Present
Perfect Progressive (or what is the same: the Perfect Continuous) the nature of the
link with this is modified by the presence of the brand's progressive.
The progressive, regardless of whether we are talking about the present, past or
future, indicates that a situation is in progress, ie has started and has not yet come
to an end.
The form of the Present Perfect Progressive: HAVE / HAS BEEN + Ving
Affirmative:
• I have been studying for 2 hours This Afternoon.
• I've been working in this company since 2000.
Interrogative:
• Have you been studying for a long time?
• You've been working here for a long time?
Negative:
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• No, I have not been studying for a long time.
• No, I Has not Been working here for a long time.
Prepositions of Place (prepositions of place)
Prepositions of place are placed behind the main verb, usually the verb "to be" (be,
be) in any past, present or future and its both simple and composite forms.
We have seen the different uses of the three most common prepositions ("in", "at",
"on") in the previous lesson. Then find other prepositions of place.
NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Meaning: next to, beside
Usage: Both "next to" and "beside" can be used interchangeably. Using one way or
another depend on the speaker and the context.
• Examples:
The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (The supermarket is next to the
bank.)
Sit next to (beside) me. (Sit down next to me.)
BY
Meaning: close, near, next to
Usage: Can be used in the same contexts as "next to" but the meaning of "by" is
more like "close" in Castilian.
• Examples:
• I sit by the window. (I sit next to the window.)
• Our house is by the river. (Our house is near the river.)
BETWEEN
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Meaning: between
• Examples:
• The shop is Between the bank and the train station. (The shop is between the
bank and the train station.)
• She is standing Between Peter and John. (He stands between Peter and John.)
BEHIND
Meaning: behind
• Examples:
• The church is behind the school. (The church is behind the school.)
• He is standing behind you. (He stands behind you.)
IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE
Meaning: contrary, opposite, opposite, in front of
Uses: The difference between these prepositions notice it when we're talking about
people, "in front of" does not mean being front and face to face, however
"opposite" means front and face to face.
• Examples:
• The hotel is in front of the station. (The hotel is in front of the station.)
• The bank is opposite the market. (The bank is ahead of the market.)
• Laura is standing in front of you. (Laura is standing before you.)
• She is sitting opposite me. (It is sitting in front of me.)
UNDER
Meaning: under
English Página 29
• Examples:
• The ball is under the chair. (The ball is under the chair.)
• The dog is under the tree. (The dog is under the tree.)
ABOVE
Meaning: above untouched
o Example:
o The clock is above the table. (The clock is above the table.)
Note: The literal translation can lead to confusion when translated into Castilian,
since in Castilian would say: "the clock is hanging on the wall." If we say we would
say: "and below on the same wall is supported by the table."
BELOW
Meaning: below untouched
o Example:
o The table is below the clock. (The table is below the clock.)
Note: As in the previous case, the literal translation of "below" can be misleading.
In this case we would say that the table is supported on the same wall where the
clock is hung a little higher.
7.4. MODULE 4
Comparative / superlative
Comparative is the name for the grammar used When Comparing two things. The
two basic ways to compare are using as .. as or than. Examples of each are shown
below:
• She's twice as old as her sister.
English Página 30
• He's not as stupid as he looks!
• I'm almost as good in maths as in science.
• This book is not as exciting as the last one.
• The coffee shop is not as crowded as usual.
• Russian is not quite as Difficult as Chinese.
• This computer is better than That One.
• She's stronger than I am at chess.
• It's much colder today than it was yesterday.
• Our car is bigger than your car.
• This grammar topic is Easier than most others.
• I find science more Difficult than mathematics.
• Today's ESL lesson was more interesting than usual.
Note: In each of the example sentences above, the comparative form of the
adjective is shown. See the foot of this page for information about the comparison
of adverbs.
When Comparing with as ... as, the adjective does not change. When Comparing
with than, however it, some changes are Necessary, Depending on the number of
syllables the adjective has:
One-syllable adjectives: add-er to the adjective
• My sister is much taller than me.
• It's colder today than it was yesterday.
English Página 31
Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is
usually we Doubled in the comparative. Examples: big, bigger, fatter fat-, hot-
hotter.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in-y: change the-y to-ier
• She's looking happier today.
• This grammar topic is Easier than the last one.
• Why is everyone else luckier than me?
Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. Two-syllable adverbs ending in-y
must be Compared with the word more. Example: I drive more quickly (quicklier)
than my brother.
Other two-syllable adjectives: use more With The unchanged adjective
• The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas.
• Is there anything more boring than reading about grammar?
• My sister is more careful with her writing than I am with mine.
Note: The comparative of some shorter two-syllable adjectives can be Formed
with-er. Examples: simple-simpler, clever-cleverer, narrow-narrower. To be sure
which comparative method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.
Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more With The unchanged adjective
• Russian grammar is more Difficult than Inglés grammar.
• My sister is much more intelligent than me.
• I find maths lessons more enjoyable than science lessons.
• The older you get, the more irritating you become.
In the superlative you talk acerca one thing only and how it is the best, worst, etc..
You do not compare two things. The Following guidelines apply to the superlative:
English Página 32
One-syllable adjectives: add-est to the adjective (plus the)
My sister is the tallest in our family.
Yesterday was the coldest day of the year so far.
Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is
usually we Doubled in the superlative. Examples: big-biggest, fattest fat-, hot-
hottest.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in-y: change the-y to-iest (plus the)
• The richest people are not always the happiest.
• Which do you think is the Easiest language to learn?
• She's the luckiest person I know.
Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. Two-syllable adverbs ending in-y
form Their superlative With The words the most. Example: Of all the people I know
my father drives The most quickly (quickliest).
Other two-syllable adjectives: use the Most With The unchanged adjective
• The most boring thing about ESL class is doing grammar exercises.
• My sister is The most careful person I know.
Note: The superlative of some shorter two-syllable adjectives can be Formed with-
er. Examples: simple, simplest, clever-cleverest, narrow-narrowest. Superlative To
be sure which method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.
Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the Most With The unchanged adjective
• Some people think That is the Most Difficult Russian language.
• Albert Einstein was The most intelligent person in history.
• My most enjoyable class is Inglés.
English Página 33
• You are The most irritating person I have ever met!
Following are two common irregular comaparative / superlative forms:
• good-better-the best
• bad-worse-the worst
The Following guidelines apply to the comparative / superlative of Most adverbs:
One-syllable adverbs: add -er/-est
• I can run faster than you. / I can run the fastest in my class.
• She works harder than me. / She works the hardest of all students.
Other adverbs: use more / the Most *
• She ran more quickly than me. † / Of all the students she ran The most quickly.
• In casual Inglés it is common to hear the adjectival comparative / superlative form
of two-syllable adverbs. For example: She ran quicker than me. † | She ran the
quickest.
Many educated Inglés speakers prefer to use the nominative plus a verb rather
than the accusative in Such comparative sentences, Especially In Formal
situations. They say, for example, My sister is taller than I am. or She ran more
quickly than I did.
The alternative, omitting the verb as in the Following examples, is Considered to
be even more formally and is avoided by Most British Inglés speakers: My sister is
taller than I. or She
Too / Enough
Too Spanish equivalent to "too much".
It is always used in front of adjectives or adverbs modifying.
• This exercise is too easy.
English Página 34
• This exercise is too easy.
• I arrived too late.
• I was too late.
Then the adjective, can be added "to" plus a verb.
• He's too young to drive.
• It is too young to drive.
• He's too weak to lift it.
• It is too weak to lift.
If used with nouns, means "too / a / os / as" and is always followed by many or
much, depending on the type of countable noun or uncountable.
• There are too many people.
• There are too many people.
• There is too much shadow.
• There is too much shade.
Enough Spanish equivalent to "what sufucientemente".
It is always used after adjectives and adverbs that modify.
• I arrived early enough.
• I arrived early enough.
It can also be followed by "to" plus a verb.
• He is not old enough to drive.
• It is not old enough to drive.
• He is not strong enough to lift it.
English Página 35
• It is not strong enough to lift it.
If used with nouns means "sufficient / s" and going ever before.
• There aren't enough chairs.
• There are not enough chairs.
• There is not enough light.
• Not enough light.
7.5. MODULE 5
Past Perfect
Notes:
• The written lesson is below.
• Links to quizzes, tests, etc.. are to the left.
The past perfect is Formed by combining the auxiliary verb "had" with the past
participle.
• I had Studied.
• I had written a letter to Mary.
• We had been stranded for six days.
Because the past perfect tense is a compound, two verbs are required: the main
verb and the auxiliary verb.
• I had Studied.
• (main verb: Studied; auxiliary verb: had)
• I had written a letter to Mary.
• (main verb: written; auxiliary verb: had)
English Página 36
• We had been stranded for six days.
• (main verb: been; auxiliary verb: had)
In English, the past perfect tense is Formed by using the imperfect tense of the
auxiliary verb "have" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows:
• had
Past perfect progressive (continuous)
Is used to describe an action That started in the past and and was still in progress
When a second action started. Both actions Began and ended in the past. As in the
past perfect simple, the sentence has two parts:
• The past perfect progressive, to refer to the action That was in process
• The past simple to refer to the action That happened after the first action
• Ben had been working for three hours When Rachel came home.
• By the time Sam found an umbrella, it had been raining for ten minutes.
To form the past perfect progressive, use the auxiliary (helping) verb had + been +
verbing (present participle).
Subject Have / Has + Been + Verbing Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They
• He / She / It had been talking for two hours When I got up and left
• had been texting her long before They Met
Note: The order of phrases May be switched, but the meaning will stay the same.
• By the time Catherine got to the office, the client had been waiting for an hour.
• The client had been waiting for an hour by the time Catherine got to the office.
English Página 37
When you begin a sentence with a time expression, put a comma (,) after the first
part of the sentence.
In general, use the past perfect simple When the first action started in the past and
ended before the second action began. Use the past perfect progressive When
That first action was still in progress When the second action began. Remember,
Both actions ended in the past.
• I had fed the dogs before I tripped and fell.
• I had been feeding the dogs when i tripped and fell.
Negative Sentences in the Past Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
• Use since with a specific hour, month, year or a period in the past> since 2002 /
since Tuesday
• Use for with a number of hours, days, months or years> for twenty years
• Use Between Already had and the verb> Already had been flying
• Use before, When and by the time before the past simple> When They saw the
boys
When creating negative sentences, we use the auxiliary (helping) verb Had not
(had not) + been + the ing (present participle) form of the verb.
Been Auxiliary Verb + Subject Verbing Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They
• He / She / It Had not (had not) been sleeping When you arrived
• I had not been feeling well, so I sent him away.
• Simon had not been expecting a positive answer When I got a job.
• The hikers Had not Been walking long Before They got lost.
English Página 38
English Página 39
8. CLASS
8.1. CLASS 1
DATE: Marzo 2013
English Página 40
8.2. CLASS 2
DATE: Marzo 2013
English Página 41
8.3. CLASS 3
DATE: Abril 2013
English Página 42
8.4. CLASS 4
DATE: Mayo 2013
English Página 43
8.5. CLASS 5
DATE: Junio 2013
English Página 44
8.6. CLASS 6
DATE: Julio 2013
English Página 45
8.7. CLASS 7
DATE: Agosto 2013
English Página 46
9. CONCLUSIONS
 Overall, the universities analyzed the language used as normal at all levels.
 English is the language generally used as a language of international
communication.
 The knowledge of the national language is still a requirement that students
must demonstrate they want regular studies leading to a recognized degree.
 The college potentiates the knowledge and use of English by the respective
university communities to acquire more knowledge.
 The modules are assessed a guide for our learning processes and
continuous phases are for the perfection of the English language.
English Página 47
10. REFERENCES
 http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/forma-uso-present-progressive/
 http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/forma-uso-present-progressive/
 https://sites.google.com/site/englishinjrm/subject-and-object-questions
 http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/present-perfect-progressive/
 http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/preposic_lugar.php
 http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/comp.htm
 http://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson17/04.html
 http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/pastperfect.htm

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English Student Project Explores Influence of Clothing on Mood

  • 1. English Página 1 CARCHI STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF NURSING STUDENT: Marco Hernán Pulloquinga Siza 5th Semester TEACHER: Iban Fuertes TULCÁN AUGUST 2013
  • 2. English Página 2 APPRECIATION................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. OBJECTIVES..................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. JUSTIFICATION...................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. BIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. DOSSIER............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. PERSONAL RESOURCES.............................................................. ¡Error! Marcador no definido. MODULE 1 ......................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. MODULE 2............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. MODULE 3............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. MODULE 4............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. MODULE 5............................................................................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. CLASS.................................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. CONCLUSIONS...................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. REFERENCES ......................................................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido.
  • 3. English Página 3 1. APPRECIATION I would like these lines serve to express my deep and sincere gratitude to all those who have collaborated with their help for the acquisition of knowledge which are reflected in the implementation of this work, but mostly for motivation and support received. Deserves special recognition for your interest in my work and the suggestions received by people close which lead me to beat and be getting better, I am indebted for the encouragement and confidence instilled in me deposited. Deserves special thanks for understanding, patience and encouragement received from my family and my teacher basically Iban Fuertes a great job instilling wise to impart knowledge which will be used for the development of my career and for life. To everyone, thank you very much.
  • 4. English Página 4 2. OBJECTIVES 2.1. GENERAL Buying all the necessary skills to decipher, understand and interpret texts of any kind in the English language 2.2. SPECIFIC  Expand our knowledge in order to achieve thus a proper understanding of the English language  Keep the knowledge acquired in class to language development based on a constructive practice the same  Aplicar los Conocimientos aprendidos en el aula
  • 5. English Página 5 3. INTRODUCTION English has established worldwide as the most useful language and is the most in demand as a second language worldwide. The English dominates in business, science, tourism and popular culture, is aimed at people who attend or intend to study different careers. Nowadays we are living different changes in the levels of learning, either across the board, scientifically or technically, especially when it comes to learning new languages. Changes that learning is not only a means of communication but also the need to achieve new goals in different areas of human development. When we are living in a time in which the English language has become increasingly important so both because of the circumstances and the communication link has gained nearly reach internationally. Going the natural distances could comment today as English like what happened in the middle Ages with the Latin. It traveled less, but that joy for two travelers’ cults found in various parts of the world and able to communicate in the same language, despite the various changes that have arisen throughout history. For this reason there is the urgent need to raise awareness not only linguistic changes but how to implement them.
  • 6. English Página 6 4. JUSTIFICATION The fundamental reason why English is so important study because it is essential to use as a means of communication. The Englishman will give us access to better education and better opportunities, give us access to current and complete information, we will know the latest developments and can access most scientific texts, academic and technology, written in English. We show other cultures, lifestyles and different ways of thinking, you can meet new and interesting and understand their customs. Thus provide the opportunity to acquire knowledge and vocabulary, each time a better understanding, confidence will increase, and thus demonstrate several fundamental and necessary language skills for career development
  • 7. English Página 7 5. BIOGRAPHY My name is Marco Pulloquinga, I'm from Latacunga, I have 22, my mother's name is Maria del Carmen Siza, my father Pulloquinga Second, I have two brothers, my older brother called Edison Siza, is 25 and my sister's name is Angelica Pulloquinga , has 20 years, my primary education developed in the Columbus school and develop my secondary studies at San Antonio de Padua, currently studying Nursing at the State University Carchí, I'm finishing the 5th level, race decided study because it is a career that crave from my childhood, also because I have decided to help people who need my help, and the biggest opportunity of my life is to face my challenges presented each day in my life, showing me ability, my ability and justifying what one sets in life is attainable.
  • 9. English Página 9 ENSAY NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level 6.1. INFLUENCE OF CLOTHING IN MOOD Usually about the influence of clothing on the mood I will relate a little about the history of colors, these do affect the mood of the people. In turn colors like white, light blue, brown, green colors were considered reassuring. The black, white and red are used mainly in ceremonial rites, mainly to distinguish the main characters in these activities. Red is the warmest of colors. It's exciting and energizes the wearer. It means strength, love, sacrifice, courage, optimism and victory. But blood, fire, aggression, passion provocative. People who wear red, you cannot help but always notice. Red is a color that gets a lot of attention and demand action. People whose dress is red, give the feeling of being passionate, living the moment and like to experience anything new. They are direct and honest, and although people may not like what they say or think, at least you know you can stick to them. As a color of passion and life energy produces a feeling of great sensuality, produces a large appetite and raises blood pressure. About a red dress predominant increase its imaging too sexy, provocative and banned, subtracting a little credibility to his words. Use caution in the circumstances in which it is used. My comment is that through the colors that each one of the items we use greatly affect our mood, for example the use of dark colors like black show us his sadness, internal suffering through her clothes we can identify, however, the use of clothes with different colors show us happiness, love and tenderness that the person has and identified by his hyperactivity, his skill, dynamism, and relationship with other people.
  • 10. English Página 10 But although it is said that clothes influence the mood of that person, we can say that many times when we look at a person wearing an outfit broken in parts, give us a sign that your household does not perhaps they want their economic or home because there are many problems that have affected your mood makes you not put importance of how to dress or how it should appear before other people.
  • 11. English Página 11 6.2. CROSSWORD NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level 1. People, who do not make a good distribution of litter, produce environmental polluting in both their home and the other people. 2. In latacunga find much food is nourishing as Chugchucaras case of the hornado and the finer things. 3. To get a profession need to put all the effort and show people that we are capable of doing. 4. Alcohol consumption by young people should be the negative influences of households who do not get attention and observe their evil way. 5. Healthy food is what we feed but decreasing overall consumption of fat, sugar and salt to prevent disease. 6. The most important events during the holiday Tulcán is the crier and his show that captivates people. 7. For party decorations john need to buy in a bazaar which usually is in the center. 8. The whole of patients who were treated had flu symptoms. 9. During the draw which takes place tomorrow, will be a winner among the coupons that are in the box. 10.People starting to recycle cardboard, plastic bottles are generating new jobs for the welfare of his family.
  • 12. English Página 12 P O L L U T I N L G ON R I S H I N G EVE T S C E W E U L F N II FE O R T H O L E C U P O N S R C Y C L E A A A h tt p: // w w w .y o u t u b e. c o m / w a tc h ? v = 5 E k P 1 b - Z A BH L T H Y 4 3 9 10 8 2 1 6 7 5 A
  • 13. English Página 13 6.3. HOMEWORK NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level  Victor work at 7:00, he always eats lunch at 12:00 every day. He was watching TV while, we were cooking the soap, and he has his bicycle to go to work but. He isn’t gone to work yesterday.  My aunt comes every day at 6:00 pm to visit. She went to a party today. She is young. She and her friend traveled to Atacames ride next week.  He children go to school at 7:00 am but they left the house at 6:45 am he was studying the lesson his mom yesterday while reviewing the works.  My friend cyclist went from Colombia to Ecuador in four days. His brother is going to liga stadium to play football game. My mom walked quietly in to my room  My friend Monica was scared when she saw the mouse I had three tickets for a concert of tony Melendez but unfortunately I lost them the concert is going to take place at believe park.  Carlos is fifteen years old, I always celebrate my birthday I usually have a party in the yard. Mi cousin rocio is as good as I am at drawing. Our friend Julian is better than us. They were going to play tennis.  I get home at about 8:00 in the morning and while I am cleaning my room, I found my red T-shirt.  My mother is writing to invite you to my party next Sunday, It was nice of you to invite me but I’m afraid.  I can’t make it , I have a math test next Saturday and I’ll be at home studying all weekend congratulations anyway I always knew you were good at experiments.
  • 14. English Página 14  David and kenay are brothers but also best friends. When they get home from school in the afternoon. They usually do their homework together. He gets sick of watching TV and reads magazines, I want to read a book but there’s nothing good in my bookcase.  Javier has a lot of homework during the week and I don’t have any spare time. So on the weekend I try to relax and have fun. On Saturday mornings. I usually sleep at ten thirty. I get up, take a shower and have a big breakfast.  My friends and I love watching movies. Marco and I love going to the movies. We don’t enjoy staying at home and watching DVDS. But our friend Brian doesn’t like going to the movies. He loves watching DVDS.
  • 15. English Página 15 6.4. ENSAY NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level Thought as was the past and how is this makes us think that the reality of the world is changing but there are facts that do not change as the war in the Middle East where there is poverty, death above all economic losses that do not allow develop in this country, and if we talk about what happened to the twin towers are still terrorists who threaten the lives of human persons, but rescue them positive things as the first satellite to Ecuadorians and now created from images obtained beyond the outside land technological advances that continue to stop every time you search for a solution to all the problems that are in the world. If we talk about the way we can rescue sports events such as the story of Pele who was the best player in the world at the time, but at this present time we see that everything can change by the commitment and agouti that put people to achieve their goals such as Leonel Messy a great player who overcame all the best players from the previous season with only winning 4 gold balls consecutively, being the best scorer in the Spanish league championships achieved at all, but if we start talking I emphasize how bad the Colombian guerrilla will not end, contract killings prevailing worldwide as it is a problem that has not yet entered solution, but all reduce deaths from these causes, if we talk of global warming start saying that if we polluted the planet very soon see the consequences of not preventing and try to improve our world, so now there are more weather problems and natural disasters are stronger each time. My comment is observed that the past and the present is the same because there are positive and negative things that have happened in all these years, however the most paramount at this time is to try to improve those negative things for the future of other people as investigate the cure of certain diseases that were currently not pollute the world for natural disasters and improve the conditions for peace in countries that are at war and misery to people who have no guilt, all this depends on us to obtain a better future and to distinguish the past.
  • 16. English Página 16 6.5. HOMEWORK NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level 1. In the morning my father gets up early to make sport, does gymnastics and then lift weights, but sometimes exaggerates as much effort are sports so dehydrated sweat through the skin so my father takes much liquid after Gatorade especially sports and also energetic as the banana and oatmeal. 2. At a meeting of friends jhon was shy because when someone in the group liked felt very bad that made him want to run, then we had to make him lose that quality, when we locked him in a room with a friend so the demonstrated courage and then we surprised to see that it came out running and faced with the situation. 3. My brother during the developmental stage thinking not getting his title by economic conditions so it was about to retire, when my mother did whatever it pa to help my brother when we were surprised to see achieved his title and now not is more to be grateful to my mother. 4. While conducting the practice in southern sub-center Tulcán, in addition to taking vital signs, administering vaccines is important to carry out an educational small talk to patients to prevent diseases that are often caused by hygiene poor nutrition and poor in their homes. 5. I love to go off to visit my love, for the work I have not had much time to devote to it, now that I got my observations overnight stop my girlfriend want to kiss and hug also, show how much love and above all deliver a gift that led from Ibarra. Skinny cometh soon. 6. Studying nursing career is not just studying and getting good grades is a process where we learn important values such as respect, humility, friendship and responsibility depends on this patient to provide quality care and warmth. Also is a race that has so much commitment to the recovery of patient and depends heavily on each other and the effort that we put.
  • 17. English Página 17 7. john is reading a book her mother suddenly arrives and sends him to wash dishes then john gets angry and tells his mother always bossing so punish him and not give him money for his fun, then john’s sad I did not know to do when he emerged an idea to apologize to his mother and was able to leave his fun. 8. Is very difficult to keep going if I have a problem to solve with my daughter, long time no see and I need to be at his side, sometimes I think you have to accept that life is so important but it is also the affection and love of his father so I have not stopped thinking and find a solution so that it can see and so in this way be more quiet. 9. Grades we got this first part is acceptable because it means that we should put more effort but want to lose the year and also makes us think of how bad we are doing with our lives. In the future we will need a career and everything is up to us to learn from our typos and move on. 10.The newborn during its growth stage to develop all your organs especially the lungs and that the important thing at this stage is your respiratory system responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, so that the mother should give a good feed as breastfeeding until six months of age and from there we started to supplementary feeding such as castings and fruits.
  • 18. English Página 18 ENSAY FOR: Marco Pulloquinga five level 6.6. MY FAVORITE FOOD THE CHUGCHUCARAS The Chugchucaras are one of the tastiest dishes of the traditional cuisine of Ecuador. This dish has its origins in the Ecuadorian highlands, specifically in the city of Latacunga, Cotopaxi Province, although it can be found in other cities, especially in the central highlands region. While Ecuador is a small country in territory, is very abundant in their variety of dishes, flavors and well known for their high nutritional value. The Chugchucaras consist of fried pork, mote, fries, fried plantains, empanadas, popcorn and pork skin burst. You can serve with pepper to taste. In this dish includes ingredients of different agricultural and animal products available in the area, as well as bananas coming from the tropical lowlands. for we must cook prepares chugchucaras in ¼ liter of water pork previously diced and seasoned with salt, pepper, cumin and garlic, when it dries out add a little oil to finish cooking the pork. Mote let it soak the night before and you'll be cooking with salt water, to prepare the dish is put on lettuce leaves a portion of pork, busted leather portion, fried ripe sliced, fried whole potatoes, roasted , mote, popcorn and 2 pies wind on each plate. Best Chugchucaras Latacunga we can enjoy in the restaurant of Dona Rosita, a building that is located on the Pan-American Highway. We can also find tasty in Quito Chugchucaras Tradition Restaurant on Avenida Amazonas near the Plaza de Toros or Peters Restaurant on Av Rio Coca. My conclusion is that the Chugchucaras is a gastronomic and healthy dish for all the people who want to taste of this typical dish that can be found in a beautiful city Latacunga also find beautiful places find typical meals. We can also say that Chugchucaras is very typical of the Central Sierra region, since we should go Latacunga to taste this dish typical or do it in our own home with the necessary ingredients and preparation mode is written in this article.
  • 19. English Página 19 HOMEWORK NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level 6.7. PRESENT TENSE, PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST TENSE 1. fabricio plays football on Saturday. but today is playing basketball 2. Paúl climb a mountain, thought it was exciting. 3. I work in the fire department. I am studying nursing at the moment. 4. Raúl always running, because he loves the sport. 5. I'm watching the movie that I like. this is my favorite. 6. I am traveling to the beach. I like the sea and coastal food 7. I did not study for the test because I was accompanying my mother in hospital. 8. I sing vallenato, but today I'm singing halls. 9. I live in latacunga, but I'm working on ibarra. 10. My mother cooks at home, but we are having lunch in a restaurant.
  • 20. English Página 20 6.8. ENSAY NAME: Marco Pulloquinga five level Thought as was the past and how is this makes us think that the reality of the world is changing but there are facts that do not change as the war in the Middle East where there is poverty, death above all economic losses that do not allow develop in this country, and if we talk about what happened to the twin towers are still terrorists who threaten the lives of human persons, but rescue them positive things as the first satellite to Ecuadorians and now created from images obtained beyond the outside land technological advances that continue to stop every time you search for a solution to all the problems that are in the world. If we talk about the way we can rescue sports events such as the story of Pele who was the best player in the world at the time, but at this present time we see that everything can change by the commitment and agouti that put people to achieve their goals such as Leonel Messy a great player who overcame all the best players from the previous season with only winning 4 gold balls consecutively, being the best scorer in the Spanish league championships achieved at all, but if we start talking I emphasize how bad the Colombian guerrilla will not end, contract killings prevailing worldwide as it is a problem that has not yet entered solution, but all reduce deaths from these causes, if we talk of global warming start saying that if we polluted the planet very soon see the consequences of not preventing and try to improve our world, so now there are more weather problems and natural disasters are stronger each time. My comment is observed that the past and the present is the same because there are positive and negative things that have happened in all these years, however the most paramount at this time is to try to improve those negative things for the future of other people as investigate the cure of certain diseases that were currently not pollute the world for natural disasters and improve the conditions for peace in countries that are at war and misery to people who have no guilt, all this depends on us to obtain a better future and to distinguish the past.
  • 21. English Página 21 7. PERSONAL RESOURCES 7.1. MODULE 1 Present simple - (simple present tense) Simple Present tense is used to describe habitual actions that occur with some frequency and makes no reference to whether it is happening in the present. • I play tennis. I play tennis. (He mentions a sport I do not necessarily every day and I'm playing at the moment). He works in an office. He works in an office. (Refers to work that develops a person often). They travel to Madrid. They travel to Madrid. (Talk about a trip that is repeated every day, even if the subject is not doing now). Below are affirmative forms, interrogative and negative this tense: Present progressive The Present Progressive or Continuous is used in English to discuss ongoing situations that have started but have not yet come to an end: It's raining (It's
  • 22. English Página 22 raining). This verb is often used to describe situations that we have before our eyes and we know that adults develop as we speak. Therefore, very often the Present Progressive is accompanied by adverbs or adverbial expressions as now, at the moment, at present, currently etc. Forms of the Present Progressive or Continuous: 1. affirmatively The Present Progressive or Continuous is a form composed of the auxiliary verb TO BE, conjugated according to the subject of the sentence, and the present participle form of the main verb (V + ing). • I am reading the newspaper. • He is having a shower. • We are playing tennis. Two. interrogative Since the Present Progressive contains the verb TO BE and auxiliary, the interrogative form is obtained by reversing the order of the auxiliary and the subject: • Are you reading the newspaper? • Is he having a shower? • Are they playing tennins? Three. negatively The negative form of the Present Progressive is the negative form of the verb TO BE accompanied by the present participle of the main verb: • I'm not reading the newspaper. • He is not having a shower.
  • 23. English Página 23 • We aren't playing tennis. IMPORTANT The Present Progressive or Continuous is a verbal form consists, therefore the two elements (the auxiliary and the participle present) are required. A phrase like * I reading the newspaper is incorrect. 7.2. MODULE 2 Past simple - (simple past tense) Simple Past tense is used to describe actions that have happened at an earlier time and have already completed, for example: • She cleaned her house. She cleaned her house. • I broke the window. I broke the window. Here we see their conjugation in the Spanish equivalent to the Past Indefinite. Notice that the sentence structure is similar to the Simple Present:
  • 24. English Página 24 Both the negative interrogative as auxiliary DID is used as it is the past form of the verb "TO DO" and accompanies the main verb in its infinitive form. Negations can be used in the contracted form of DID or DID NOT. In the top box uses the verb To Play (Play) as an example. By expressing a sentence in the Simple Past is understood that the action is unrelated to the present, as shown in the following cases: • I lost the keys. He lost the keys. • (Perhaps in this the've found.) She lent me a book. She lent me a book. • (You might already have returned it). It is also possible to indicate the time when the action is to tell time more accurately: • They saw the movie last night. They saw the movie last night. • We went to London yesterday. We went to London yesterday. Past progressive I past progressive tense is Difficult For many non-native speakers to master Because many languages do not have an equivalent. The past progressive describe an action That was in progress at a specific time in the past. It can be used: To describe an action That started in the past and was interrupted by another action: • I was writing an e-mail When the phone rang. • When the phone rang, I was writing an e-mail. • While I was writing an e-mail, the phone rang To describe two actions That were in progress at the same time in the past:
  • 25. English Página 25 • I was preparing dinner while Melanie was working upstairs. • While Melanie was working upstairs, I was preparing dinner Note: The word order in the sentence can be switched around as in the examples above, however it, it is important to remember That we use the time expression while before the past progressive and the word before the past simple When part of the sentence. Use only one of These time expressions in each sentence. The past progressive is Formed using was or were and the ing (present participle) form of the verb. OBJECT QUESTIONS (order questions): These are the questions we ask to know about WHO or WHAT falls the action the subject. They have the following structure: [Interrogative pronoun + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb +?] Examples of such questions are: • "Who did you tell?" (Who do you tell?) In Spanish are recognized to begin with "Who". • "What does she usually we read?" (What do you read it?) • "Who does she know?" (Who do you know her?) Sentences with two objects support two different QUESTIONS OBJECT: • "She gave the money to Michael." • Question 1: "What did she give to Michael?" Answer 1: "The money." • Question 2: "Who did she give the money to?" Answer 2: "To Michael." SUBJECT QUESTIONS (subject questions): These are the questions we ask when we want to know WHO or WHAT performs the action. They have a different structure to the object questions:
  • 26. English Página 26 [Interrogative Pronoun + Verb + Object +?] • "Who told you?" (Who told you?) • "Who lives her?" (Who lives here?) • "What killed the dog?" (What killed the dog? 7.3. MODULE 3 El Present Perfect Progressive The Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive (or Continuous) have in common the fact that both refer to a situation that has a link with the present. This is one of the features of the Present Perfect in general, as we mentioned in the post When using Present Perfect or Simple Past. In the case of the Present Perfect Progressive (or what is the same: the Perfect Continuous) the nature of the link with this is modified by the presence of the brand's progressive. The progressive, regardless of whether we are talking about the present, past or future, indicates that a situation is in progress, ie has started and has not yet come to an end. The form of the Present Perfect Progressive: HAVE / HAS BEEN + Ving Affirmative: • I have been studying for 2 hours This Afternoon. • I've been working in this company since 2000. Interrogative: • Have you been studying for a long time? • You've been working here for a long time? Negative:
  • 27. English Página 27 • No, I have not been studying for a long time. • No, I Has not Been working here for a long time. Prepositions of Place (prepositions of place) Prepositions of place are placed behind the main verb, usually the verb "to be" (be, be) in any past, present or future and its both simple and composite forms. We have seen the different uses of the three most common prepositions ("in", "at", "on") in the previous lesson. Then find other prepositions of place. NEXT TO (BESIDE) Meaning: next to, beside Usage: Both "next to" and "beside" can be used interchangeably. Using one way or another depend on the speaker and the context. • Examples: The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (The supermarket is next to the bank.) Sit next to (beside) me. (Sit down next to me.) BY Meaning: close, near, next to Usage: Can be used in the same contexts as "next to" but the meaning of "by" is more like "close" in Castilian. • Examples: • I sit by the window. (I sit next to the window.) • Our house is by the river. (Our house is near the river.) BETWEEN
  • 28. English Página 28 Meaning: between • Examples: • The shop is Between the bank and the train station. (The shop is between the bank and the train station.) • She is standing Between Peter and John. (He stands between Peter and John.) BEHIND Meaning: behind • Examples: • The church is behind the school. (The church is behind the school.) • He is standing behind you. (He stands behind you.) IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE Meaning: contrary, opposite, opposite, in front of Uses: The difference between these prepositions notice it when we're talking about people, "in front of" does not mean being front and face to face, however "opposite" means front and face to face. • Examples: • The hotel is in front of the station. (The hotel is in front of the station.) • The bank is opposite the market. (The bank is ahead of the market.) • Laura is standing in front of you. (Laura is standing before you.) • She is sitting opposite me. (It is sitting in front of me.) UNDER Meaning: under
  • 29. English Página 29 • Examples: • The ball is under the chair. (The ball is under the chair.) • The dog is under the tree. (The dog is under the tree.) ABOVE Meaning: above untouched o Example: o The clock is above the table. (The clock is above the table.) Note: The literal translation can lead to confusion when translated into Castilian, since in Castilian would say: "the clock is hanging on the wall." If we say we would say: "and below on the same wall is supported by the table." BELOW Meaning: below untouched o Example: o The table is below the clock. (The table is below the clock.) Note: As in the previous case, the literal translation of "below" can be misleading. In this case we would say that the table is supported on the same wall where the clock is hung a little higher. 7.4. MODULE 4 Comparative / superlative Comparative is the name for the grammar used When Comparing two things. The two basic ways to compare are using as .. as or than. Examples of each are shown below: • She's twice as old as her sister.
  • 30. English Página 30 • He's not as stupid as he looks! • I'm almost as good in maths as in science. • This book is not as exciting as the last one. • The coffee shop is not as crowded as usual. • Russian is not quite as Difficult as Chinese. • This computer is better than That One. • She's stronger than I am at chess. • It's much colder today than it was yesterday. • Our car is bigger than your car. • This grammar topic is Easier than most others. • I find science more Difficult than mathematics. • Today's ESL lesson was more interesting than usual. Note: In each of the example sentences above, the comparative form of the adjective is shown. See the foot of this page for information about the comparison of adverbs. When Comparing with as ... as, the adjective does not change. When Comparing with than, however it, some changes are Necessary, Depending on the number of syllables the adjective has: One-syllable adjectives: add-er to the adjective • My sister is much taller than me. • It's colder today than it was yesterday.
  • 31. English Página 31 Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is usually we Doubled in the comparative. Examples: big, bigger, fatter fat-, hot- hotter. Two-syllable adjectives ending in-y: change the-y to-ier • She's looking happier today. • This grammar topic is Easier than the last one. • Why is everyone else luckier than me? Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. Two-syllable adverbs ending in-y must be Compared with the word more. Example: I drive more quickly (quicklier) than my brother. Other two-syllable adjectives: use more With The unchanged adjective • The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas. • Is there anything more boring than reading about grammar? • My sister is more careful with her writing than I am with mine. Note: The comparative of some shorter two-syllable adjectives can be Formed with-er. Examples: simple-simpler, clever-cleverer, narrow-narrower. To be sure which comparative method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary. Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more With The unchanged adjective • Russian grammar is more Difficult than Inglés grammar. • My sister is much more intelligent than me. • I find maths lessons more enjoyable than science lessons. • The older you get, the more irritating you become. In the superlative you talk acerca one thing only and how it is the best, worst, etc.. You do not compare two things. The Following guidelines apply to the superlative:
  • 32. English Página 32 One-syllable adjectives: add-est to the adjective (plus the) My sister is the tallest in our family. Yesterday was the coldest day of the year so far. Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is usually we Doubled in the superlative. Examples: big-biggest, fattest fat-, hot- hottest. Two-syllable adjectives ending in-y: change the-y to-iest (plus the) • The richest people are not always the happiest. • Which do you think is the Easiest language to learn? • She's the luckiest person I know. Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. Two-syllable adverbs ending in-y form Their superlative With The words the most. Example: Of all the people I know my father drives The most quickly (quickliest). Other two-syllable adjectives: use the Most With The unchanged adjective • The most boring thing about ESL class is doing grammar exercises. • My sister is The most careful person I know. Note: The superlative of some shorter two-syllable adjectives can be Formed with- er. Examples: simple, simplest, clever-cleverest, narrow-narrowest. Superlative To be sure which method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary. Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the Most With The unchanged adjective • Some people think That is the Most Difficult Russian language. • Albert Einstein was The most intelligent person in history. • My most enjoyable class is Inglés.
  • 33. English Página 33 • You are The most irritating person I have ever met! Following are two common irregular comaparative / superlative forms: • good-better-the best • bad-worse-the worst The Following guidelines apply to the comparative / superlative of Most adverbs: One-syllable adverbs: add -er/-est • I can run faster than you. / I can run the fastest in my class. • She works harder than me. / She works the hardest of all students. Other adverbs: use more / the Most * • She ran more quickly than me. † / Of all the students she ran The most quickly. • In casual Inglés it is common to hear the adjectival comparative / superlative form of two-syllable adverbs. For example: She ran quicker than me. † | She ran the quickest. Many educated Inglés speakers prefer to use the nominative plus a verb rather than the accusative in Such comparative sentences, Especially In Formal situations. They say, for example, My sister is taller than I am. or She ran more quickly than I did. The alternative, omitting the verb as in the Following examples, is Considered to be even more formally and is avoided by Most British Inglés speakers: My sister is taller than I. or She Too / Enough Too Spanish equivalent to "too much". It is always used in front of adjectives or adverbs modifying. • This exercise is too easy.
  • 34. English Página 34 • This exercise is too easy. • I arrived too late. • I was too late. Then the adjective, can be added "to" plus a verb. • He's too young to drive. • It is too young to drive. • He's too weak to lift it. • It is too weak to lift. If used with nouns, means "too / a / os / as" and is always followed by many or much, depending on the type of countable noun or uncountable. • There are too many people. • There are too many people. • There is too much shadow. • There is too much shade. Enough Spanish equivalent to "what sufucientemente". It is always used after adjectives and adverbs that modify. • I arrived early enough. • I arrived early enough. It can also be followed by "to" plus a verb. • He is not old enough to drive. • It is not old enough to drive. • He is not strong enough to lift it.
  • 35. English Página 35 • It is not strong enough to lift it. If used with nouns means "sufficient / s" and going ever before. • There aren't enough chairs. • There are not enough chairs. • There is not enough light. • Not enough light. 7.5. MODULE 5 Past Perfect Notes: • The written lesson is below. • Links to quizzes, tests, etc.. are to the left. The past perfect is Formed by combining the auxiliary verb "had" with the past participle. • I had Studied. • I had written a letter to Mary. • We had been stranded for six days. Because the past perfect tense is a compound, two verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb. • I had Studied. • (main verb: Studied; auxiliary verb: had) • I had written a letter to Mary. • (main verb: written; auxiliary verb: had)
  • 36. English Página 36 • We had been stranded for six days. • (main verb: been; auxiliary verb: had) In English, the past perfect tense is Formed by using the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb "have" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows: • had Past perfect progressive (continuous) Is used to describe an action That started in the past and and was still in progress When a second action started. Both actions Began and ended in the past. As in the past perfect simple, the sentence has two parts: • The past perfect progressive, to refer to the action That was in process • The past simple to refer to the action That happened after the first action • Ben had been working for three hours When Rachel came home. • By the time Sam found an umbrella, it had been raining for ten minutes. To form the past perfect progressive, use the auxiliary (helping) verb had + been + verbing (present participle). Subject Have / Has + Been + Verbing Rest of Sentence I / You / We / They • He / She / It had been talking for two hours When I got up and left • had been texting her long before They Met Note: The order of phrases May be switched, but the meaning will stay the same. • By the time Catherine got to the office, the client had been waiting for an hour. • The client had been waiting for an hour by the time Catherine got to the office.
  • 37. English Página 37 When you begin a sentence with a time expression, put a comma (,) after the first part of the sentence. In general, use the past perfect simple When the first action started in the past and ended before the second action began. Use the past perfect progressive When That first action was still in progress When the second action began. Remember, Both actions ended in the past. • I had fed the dogs before I tripped and fell. • I had been feeding the dogs when i tripped and fell. Negative Sentences in the Past Perfect Progressive (Continuous) • Use since with a specific hour, month, year or a period in the past> since 2002 / since Tuesday • Use for with a number of hours, days, months or years> for twenty years • Use Between Already had and the verb> Already had been flying • Use before, When and by the time before the past simple> When They saw the boys When creating negative sentences, we use the auxiliary (helping) verb Had not (had not) + been + the ing (present participle) form of the verb. Been Auxiliary Verb + Subject Verbing Rest of Sentence I / You / We / They • He / She / It Had not (had not) been sleeping When you arrived • I had not been feeling well, so I sent him away. • Simon had not been expecting a positive answer When I got a job. • The hikers Had not Been walking long Before They got lost.
  • 39. English Página 39 8. CLASS 8.1. CLASS 1 DATE: Marzo 2013
  • 40. English Página 40 8.2. CLASS 2 DATE: Marzo 2013
  • 41. English Página 41 8.3. CLASS 3 DATE: Abril 2013
  • 42. English Página 42 8.4. CLASS 4 DATE: Mayo 2013
  • 43. English Página 43 8.5. CLASS 5 DATE: Junio 2013
  • 44. English Página 44 8.6. CLASS 6 DATE: Julio 2013
  • 45. English Página 45 8.7. CLASS 7 DATE: Agosto 2013
  • 46. English Página 46 9. CONCLUSIONS  Overall, the universities analyzed the language used as normal at all levels.  English is the language generally used as a language of international communication.  The knowledge of the national language is still a requirement that students must demonstrate they want regular studies leading to a recognized degree.  The college potentiates the knowledge and use of English by the respective university communities to acquire more knowledge.  The modules are assessed a guide for our learning processes and continuous phases are for the perfection of the English language.
  • 47. English Página 47 10. REFERENCES  http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/forma-uso-present-progressive/  http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/forma-uso-present-progressive/  https://sites.google.com/site/englishinjrm/subject-and-object-questions  http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/present-perfect-progressive/  http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/preposic_lugar.php  http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/comp.htm  http://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson17/04.html  http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/pastperfect.htm