Rationale & Gaps behind the failure of the implementation of education polices in Pakistan

1. Gaps in Education policy implementation
in Pakistan
Presented by : Manzoor Ahmed (15511)
M.phil in Education IQRA University (Gulshan
Campus) Karachi

2. Outlines
• Education policy
• Overview of Past Educational Policies and conferences
• Rationales behind the policy failure in education sector of
Pakistan
• Suggestion

3. Education Policies in Pakistan
• National Education Conference: 1947
• National Education Commission : 1959
• The New Education Policy: 1970
• The Education Policy: 1972-80
• National Education Policy and Implementation Programme: 1979
• National Education Policy: 1992
• National Education Policy: 1998-2010
• National Education Policy: 2008-2018
• Latest National Education Policy: 2017-2025

4. Overview of the Strategies of Pakistan Education Conferences
and Commissions on National Education
Policy Strategies
1947 Pakistan
Educational
Conference
• Adult education by provinces
• College students to participate in the literacy campaigns
• Existing school buildings and staff to be used
1959 Commission
on National
Education
• School children as teachers of their illiterate parents
• College students as adult literacy teachers
• Every student get one teacher
• Media for adult education
1970 The New
Education Policy
• Vocational education
• Employers to make their employees literate
• Non-Formal Education programs
1972 The
Education Policy
• Massive literacy programs
• Literacy centers in schools, factories, farms and other community places
• Media used for literacy

5. Overview of the Strategies of Pakistan Education Conferences
and Commissions on National Education
Targets Strategies
1978 National Education
Policy
To raise literacy rate from 25% to
over 35% by 1982-83
 Mosque schools and mohalla schools
 Use of television Literacy and
 Mass Education Commission to be established
1992 National Education
Policy
Literacy rate increase to 70% by
the year 2002
 The literacy programme to be implemented through the provisional
governments, NGO’s and local organizations
• Literacy programmes to be integrated with skill based community
development programmes
• Greater attention on the deprived segments of the society in rural areas and
urban slums with special emphasize on female education
• Adult literacy classes on integral component of the evening shifts in primary
schools
• Directorates of adult education established in each province with wings at
the division and district level to provide professional training and guidance as
well as monitoring and evaluation
1998-2010 National
Education Policy
Literacy rate to increase to 70% • National literacy movement to be launched on emergency basis
• Mosques to be used as means to provide Non-Formal Education
• NFBE schools to be increased to 82000 by 2002
• Driving license sonly for the literate people
• Industrial units to make their employees and the dependents literate

6. Rationales behind the policy failure in education
sector of Pakistan
• Ignoring the cultural diversity of the local conditions
• Weak planning
• Weak implementation of planning
• Unclear objectives
• Shortage of resources
• Non-coordination between time span and resources
• Lack of interest by the government
• Insufficient budget allocation by the government
• Religious influence
• Lack of political will
• Wastage of resources
• Inappropriate picture of high dropout rates

7. Cont.….
• Unpredictable global economy
• Lack of qualified manpower
• Lack of management
• Non-participation from private sector
• Low level of government ownership
• Weak administrative structures
• Political instability
• Lack of transparency and accountability
• Absence of support from the government
• Less focus on quality education
• Rapid turnover of the government
• Environmental Stability

8. Suggestions
• On the basis of this study the following recommendations are provided.
• All stakeholders such as teachers, principals, and researchers may be involved or informed on policy
formulation and implementation. In this way the gap of understanding would be resolved.
• Strong coordination between the schools and the inspectorate may help in bridging the gulf of
mistrust and alienation
• Accountability system may be strengthened to decrease corruption
• In order to overcome financial constraints, practical measures may be taken for effective planning
and utilization of available resources both human and material.
• Through strong accountability, the prevalence of corruption, nepotism and favoritism could be
controlled.
• The people involved in the process of formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies can be
trained to enhance their theoretical knowledge in skills in better administration, management and
coordination.
• A string bond or relationship between the beneficiary community and policy makers can decrease
the trust deficit between the system and public.
• The step of decentralization should be strengthened. It will decrease the delays in implementation of
measures taken at the central level.

9. Sources
• Sattar, T., & Rizwan, M. Rationales Behind the Policy F Pakistan:
A Case of Affiliated S.
• Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2009). Globalizing education policy.
Routledge.

10. THANK YOU