Brain and its parts. Limbic system and cerebellum broadly explained.

1. THE BRAIN
BOSS OF THE BODY

2. BRAIN is a part of the Central Nervous System!

3. “THE MASTER ORGAN”
The human brain is comprised of a number of
different structural regions.
• Each of which performs highly specialized
functions.
• The brain is roughly divided into three parts which
include the following:
• Forebrain
• Midbrain
• Brain stem or hind brain

4. Sulci and gyri: As depicted in this diagram of brain structures, sulci
are the “valleys” and gyri are the “peaks” in the folds of the brain

5. LOBES OF THE BRAIN
1.Frontal
2.Parietal
3.Temporal
4.Occipital

6. FRONTAL LOBE
The frontal lobe is located at the
front of the brain under
the frontal skull bones and near
the forehead.
It is associated with reasoning,
motor skills, higher level
cognition, and expressive
language. Although brain is
Neuroplastic
Damage to the frontal lobe can
lead to changes in sexual habits,
socialization, and attention as
well as increased risk-taking.

7. PARIETAL LOBE
The parietal lobe is located in the
middle section of the brain
It is associated with processing
tactile sensory information such
as pressure, touch, and pain.
The somato-sensory cortex is
located in this lobe and is essential
to the processing of the body's
senses
Damage to it can lead to difficulty
in speech production and
cognition.

8. TEMPORAL LOBE
The temporal lobe is located on
the bottom section of the brain.
This lobe is also the location of the
primary auditory cortex, which is
important for interpreting sounds
and the language we hear.
Damage to the temporal lobe can
lead to problems with memory,
speech perception, and language
skills.

9. OCCIPITAL LOBE
The occipital lobe is located at the
back portion of the brain.
It is associated with interpreting
visual stimuli and information.
The primary visual cortex is
located in the occipital lobe.
Damage to this lobe can cause
visual problems such as difficulty
recognizing objects, an inability to
identify colours, and trouble
recognizing words.

10. FORE-BRAIN
• Also called as ‘Prosencephalon’
• Is ‘The Cognitive part of the Brain’
• Mainly involved in thought processing and problem solving as it
includes Frontal and Parietal lobes.
Inclusive of:
• Telencephalon: highly developed
anterior structure,
contains the cerebral hemisphere
Diencephalon: caudal part of forebrain
contains the thalamus, hypothalamus,
epithalamus, and subthalamus

11. MID-BRAIN
‘Mescencephalon’
Located towards the base of brain ‘small but important region’
It serves as a vital connection point between the other
major regions of the brain – Forebrain and Hindbrain.
Mainly includes:
LIMBIC SYSTEM
INSULA
CRANIAL NERVES
THALAMUS
CINGULATE GYRUS
Most important being the LIMBIC SYSTEM

13. LIMBIC SYSTEM
The midbrain also includes a limbic system which
lies above the brain stem and under the cortex.
Consists of a number of interrelated structures that
are:
- Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala,
Hippocampus, Fornix, etc.
• Regulate temperature control, hormones, and
emotions, deals with long term memory, vision,
hearing, motor control and alertness.

14. LIMBIC SYSTEM

15. BRAIN STEM
• ‘Rhombencephalon and Hindbrain’
• The brain stem: part of the human brain which is
similar to animals of lower order and has not
changed much with evolution.
Contains vital structures:
• PONS
• MEDULLA
• CEREBELLUM
Controls:
• Flow of messages b/w brain and rest of the body,
• Basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing,
heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and wake-sleep
cycle.

16. Medulla oblongata controls breathing, heart rate, and digestion
Cerebellum which coordinates sensory input and maintains muscle
movement and balance.
Pons is the middle portion of the brain stem, appears to bridge the cerebral
hemispheres

17. CEREBELLUM
The ‘LITTLE BRAIN’ sits at the back of
the big Brain at the top of the Spinal
cord as Two Hemispheres
Relatively, a small portion of the brain -
about ten percent of the total weight,
but it contains roughly half of the
brain's neurons, specialized cells that
transmit information via electrical
signals.
Damage to it might lead to a lack of
balance, slower movements, and
tremors (shaking).

19. CONCLUSION

20. FUNCTIONS

21. THANK YOU.