The document summarizes key topographical features of Peshawar, Pakistan through maps and descriptions. It outlines that Peshawar sits in a valley surrounded by mountain ranges, with an elevation of 317 meters. Topographical maps of Peshawar show its cultural, hydrological, relief, and vegetation features, including cities, rivers, contours, and wooded areas. Contour maps and relief maps are two types used to represent Peshawar's elevation details. The document also maps out Peshawar's industrial areas, flood zones, seismic activity, agricultural regions, airports, universities, hospitals and other infrastructure.
2. WHAT IS TOPOGRAPHY?
– Topography describes the physical feature of
any area of land.
Natural Features:
Mountains
Rivers
Lakes
Valleys
Manmade Features:
Roads
Dams
Cities
Bridges
3. TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP
– A detailed and accurate two-dimensional representation of
features that appear on the Earth’s surface.
– A topographic map will have all the same elements as a
non-topographical map, such as scale, legend (symbols are
also given), and north arrow.
– They are different from other types of maps because they
show elevation.
– Sometimes referred as Terrain maps, Elevation maps,
Altitude maps and Contour maps.
4. FEATURES OF
TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS
1.Cultural 2.Hydrology 3.Relief
4.Vegetation
Roads, buildings, urban
development, railways,
airports, names of places,
geographic features,
administrative boundaries,
state, international borders,
reserves.
Lakes, rivers, streams,
swamps, coastal, flats.
Mountains, valleys,
contours and cliffs,
depression.
Wooded and
cleared areas,
vineyards and
orchards.
7. 1. CONTOUR MAP
Elevation is shown by contour lines.
Contour line on a map joints points that
have same elevation/height from sea level.
Contours lines are labelled with the
elevation values.
Contour lines do not cross one another.
8.
9. 1. CONTOUR MAP
Rule of Vs: Sharp-pointed
vees shapes represent
stream valleys from
where the drainage
channel passes. This is a
consequence of erosion.
Rule of Os: If closed loops
are inside, it shows a
uphill but if are outside
then it shows the
downhill.
Density of contours:
• Closely spaced contours =
steep slopes
• Distant contours= shallow
slope
• Dotted lines show a
depression.
12. 2.RELIEF MAPS
A type of topographical map that doesn’t use contour lines.
The elevation data in a relief map is shown by using different
colors.
With the change in elevation, color changes across the map.
Color codes for various elevation is shown on the Map
key/Legend.
Lighter Colors Higher elevation values
Darker colors Lower elevation values
13. COLOR CODES
Green
• Heavy
vegetation
like forests,
woods,
jungles.
White
• Areas which
are clear of
trees,
fields,
plains, sand
flats.
Blue
• Bodies of
water.
Lakes,
rivers,
streams,
swamps.
Black
• Human
made
features,
such as
roads,
trails,
buildings
etc.
Brown
• Used for
contour
lines.
17. TOPOGRAPHY
OF PESHAWAR
Total Area: The total area of the district is 1,216.17
square kilometers and comprises of 92 Union Councils &
346 village/neighborhoods council
Elevation: 317 meters or 1,040 feet.
Location: Peshawar is located in the broad Valley of
Peshawar, which is surrounded by mountain ranges on
three sides, with the fourth opening to the Punjab plains.
The Afghan border is approximately 40 Km to the West.
Peshawar stands right at the entrance of the world-
famous Khyber Pass.
Coordinates: Peshawar lies between 33◦ 44 and 34◦ 15’
North latitudes and 71◦ 22’ and 71◦ 42’ East longitudes
Source:file:///C:/Users/B%20te
ch/Downloads/Final-Peshawar-
Landuse-Report-
2017%20(1).pdf
18. DISTRICT
MAP OF
PESHAWAR
Peshawar is bound by
Mohmand Agency
towards Northwest,
District Nowshera
towards East, District
Charsadda towards
North and Khyber
Agency towards West
& South.
24. URBAN AREA
LAND USE
MAP
Map showing
urban highways,
motorways,
residential areas,
hospitals.
Institutes,
graveyards and
commercial
landmarks.
25. INDUSTRIES IN
PESHAWAR
Peshawar have
marbles factories,
brick kilns, board
industries, matches
factories, mills etc.
These industries are
located around the
city at different
points; Warsak road
(MARBLE FACTORIES),
Hayatabad, and the
southern side (BRICK
KILNS).
27. FLOOD PRONE
AREAS
HIGH: Jogani, Khatki,
Gulbela, Mian Gujjar,
Nahqai.
LOW: Panam Dheri,
Chaghar Dheri,
Kaneza, Budni,
Takhtabad, Garhi
Khazana, Dag, Pajagi
and Mathra.
Waterlogging is also
high in these areas.
29. SEISMIC
ZONES IN
PESHAWAR
It is located in the
western Himalayan
region characterized by
high seismicity rates
due to its vicinity to the
active plate boundary
between the Indian and
Eurasian plates which
are converging at rates
of 37-42 mm/year
It’s in Zone 2B.
30. MOUNTANIOUS REGIONS OF
KPK
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) is divided into 2 natural
geographical regions: Mountainous areas to the north,
and Trans-Indus plains and minor mountain ranges to the
south.
The mountainous regions comprise of, Hindu Kush
Mountains, Himalaya Mountains, Dir, Swat and Kohistan
Ranges.
31. HINDU KUSH
MOUNTAINS
Peak: Tirich Mir
Parent range: Himalayas
Elevation: 7,708 m (25,289 ft)
Region: Central Asia-South
HIMALAYAS
Countries: List: India; Nepal; Bhutan;
China; Pakistan
Elevation: 8,850 m (29,040 ft)
Peak: Mount Everest (Nepal and
China)
Length: 2,400 km (1,500 mi)
34. RIVERS IN KHYBER
PAKHTUNKHWA
Total 24 rivers are there in Pakistan
out of which 8 are in KPK. Names of
these 8 rivers along with major
rivers that flow through the
province are as follows:
1. Kabul River
2. Swat River
3. Chitral River
4. Kunar River
5. Panjkora River
6. Siran River
7. Bara River
8. Kurram River
9. Dir River
10. Haroo River
11. Gomal River
12. Zhob River
43. PASSES
Khyber Pass: Connects Kabul with Peshawar
Tochi Pass: Connects Ghazni-Afghanistan to Bannu
Lowari Pass: Connects Chitral with Dir
Dorah Pass: Connects Badakshan-Afghanistan to Chitral
Malakand Pass: Dargai-Batkhela
53. OTHER IMPORTANT
LANDMARKS
Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower) The clock in this
tower is one among the pair (second one in
England) presented by the Queen Elizebeth, UK.
Mahabat Khan Mosque; Mahabat Khan, the
governor of Peshawar, built it in 1630 AD during
the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (the
ruler of the Mughal Empire in India from 1628
until 1658).
Peshawar Museum.
Chersee Tikka House
Hotel Grand: Tehkal Road, Peshawar
khyber pass
Governor’s house
Sethi street
Jamrud Fort: Jamrud Fort is located beside
Bab-e-Khyber at the entrance to the Khyber
Pass from the Peshawar side in the Tribal
districts of KPK, Pakistan.
Bala Hissar Fort: It is a historic fortress. The
fort was used as a royal residence for
theDurrani Empire, and was renovated
during Sikh rule. The fort now serves as
headquarters for Pakistan’s Frontier Corps.
54. Khyber Pass Bala Hisar Fort
Sethi Street Governor’s House
Ghanta Ghar