'Invited Lecture Talk' at 3rd International Conference on Nanomaterials:Synthesis,Characterization & Applications(ICN 2018)'s "CEMENT Session" Chaired by Pen Jung,Northeast Normal University,P.R.China & organised by M G University,Kottayam,Kerala;Gdansk University of Technology,Poland;Beijing University of Chemical Technology,China
Optimization & performance of nanomaterials in cement concrete
1. Mainak Ghosal Ph.D Research
Scholar
&
Prof.Arun Kr. Chakraborty
Deptt. of Civil
Engineering,IIEST,Shibpur,India.
(Formerly
Bengal Engineering & Science University)
2. Bird's Eye View
Why nanotechnology in
building and
construction?
Technical barriers
OPPORTUNITIES
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
With Emerging
Nanomaterials in
IIESTS Lab
4. Nano Material Needs
in Building and
Construction
Deterioration of
the nations
infrastructure:
Cost in
INFRASTRUCTURE[along with
FAILURES] is estimated to
exceed $1.5 trillion .
Recent Building Collapses-
Housing is plagued with
POOR MATERIAL QUALITY that
have led to
premature failures.
Nanotechnology
5. The Construction Industry was
the only industry to identify
Nanotechnology as a promising
emerging technology in the UK
Delphi Survey in the early
1990s
However, Construction has
lagged behind other
industrial sectors, such as
automotive, chemicals,
6. Strong industry interest
Lack of measurement
science capability
US,Germany,Japan,Korea,Swi
tzerland -Nanotechnology
Measurement science
research should facilitate
Indian industry to innovate
& respond to global
conditions & new
10. WHY NANO ?
Improves the materials’ bulk properties
To obtain thinner final elements(more Floor Space) ,quicker setting
time & less shrinkage
Doubles the Service Life
Allows for Crack-Bridging
Lowered levels of environmental contamination.
, *Ghosal M, Chakraborty,‘‘Influence of Nano-Additions on Geopolymer & Concrete’, International Journal of Engineering & Scientific Research,
Volume 3, Issue 7, pp.80-91,July 2015
12. Normal Cement
Concrete
Nano- Cement
Concrete
WORKABILITY
‘Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology for High Performance Cement Composites’, Konstantin Sobolev, Ismael Flores, Roman Hermosillo, Leticia M. Torres-Martínez , Proceedings of ACI Session on “Nanotechnology of Concrete: Recent Developments and
Future Perspectives”November 7, 2006, Denver, USA,PP 91-118.
13. NORMAL CEMENT CONCRETE NANO CEMENT CONCRETE
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology for High Performance Cement Composites’, Konstantin Sobolev, Ismael Flores, Roman Hermosillo, Leticia M. Torres-Martínez , Proceedings of ACI Session on “Nanotechnology of Concrete: Recent Developments and
Future Perspectives”November 7, 2006, Denver, USA,PP 91-118.
15. NORMAL CEMENT CONCRETE
BEHAVIOUR
NANO CEMENT CONCRETE
BEHAVIOUR
‘Improvement of Concrete Durability by Nanomaterials’A Nasution, I Imran, M Abdullah - Procedia Engineering, 2015 –
Elsevier,Vol 125,PP 608-612
16. NORMAL CEMENT CONCRETE
BEHAVIOUR
NANO CEMENT CONCRETE
BEHAVIOUR
Yen Lei Voo & Stephen J. Foster (2010) Characteristics of ultra-high performance ‘ductile’ concrete and its impact on sustainable construction, The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural
Engineering, 3:3, 168-187, DOI: 10.1080/19373260.2010.492588
20. How Nano MaterialsWork ???
- CNTs exist in Entangled Mass
like form -- like COTTON FIBRES
- Dispersion Agent(Poly Carboxylate
Ether(PCE) ACTIVATE Nucleation
21. Nano-
Silica/
CNTs
Nano Silica -- first nano-
product that replaced micro-
silica
Carbon Nano Tubes – “Top ten
advances in materials science”
over the last 50 years, Materials Today,
2008(l/d=13,20,00,000)
*Ghosal M, Chakraborty,‘A Comparative Study of Nano Embedments on Different Types of Cements,’ International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Volume 8,
Issue 2, pp.92-103,April 2015
22. Nano Materials
:General
Properties
CNTs Description
Diameter 20-40nm
Length 25-45nm
Purity 80-85%(a/c Raman
Spectrometer & SEM
analysis)
Amorphous
Carbon
5-8%
Residue(Calc
ination in
Air)
5-6% by Wt.
Average
interlayer
distance
0.34nm
Specific
surface
area
90-220 m2/g
Bulk density 0.07-0.32gm/cc
*Ghosal M, Chakraborty, ‘A Study On Applicability Aspects Of Nano
Materials In Cement-Construction’, International Journal of
Research in Engineering and Technology, 2016, DOI:
10.15623/ijret.2016.0532027, pp 179-187
Nano-
Silic
a
Sampl
e
%
Soli
d
(Lit
)
%
Solid
(Lab)
Sp.
Gravit
y
(Lit)
Sp.
Gravit
y
(Lab)
XLP 14-16% 21.40% 1.08-1.11 1.12
XTX 30-32% 40.74% 1.20-1.22 1.16
XFXLa 40-43% 41.94% 1.30-1.32 1.24
29. EXPANSION TEST OF CEMENT
[AUTO CLAVE-SOUNDNESS TEST]
Soundness Test - Specimen of
hardened cement paste is boiled
for a fixed time[100° C] so
that any tendency to expand is
speeded up and can be detected
. Soundness means the ability to
resist VOLUME EXPANSION
35. *Ghosal M, Chakraborty, ‘Short Term V/s Long Term Optimizations of Nano-Additions on Ordinary Portland Cement’, European Journal of Advances in
Engineering & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 7, pp.71-77, 2016
37. % Nano
additions
in OPC
7 Days
Compressi
ve
Strength
(%
incr.)
28 Days
Compressive
Strength
(% incr.)
90 Days
Compressive
Strength
(% incr.)
180 Days
Compressive
Strength
(% incr.)
365 Days
Compressive
Strength
(% incr.)
0% CNT 21.08MP
a
(--)
31.89MPa
(--)
31.20MPa
(--)
30.01MPa
(--)
30.01MPa
(--)
0.02%CNT 17.69MP
a
(-
16.08%)
43.75MPa
(37.19%)
35.59MPa
(14.07%)
30.89MPa
(0%)
28.53MPa
(-4.93%)
0.05%CNT
27.19MP
a
(28.98%)
34.88MPa
(9.37%)
31.85MPa
(2.08%)
38.55MPa
(3%)
41.69MPa
(38.92%)
0.1%CNT 21.69MPa
(2.89%)
24.83MPa
(-22.14%)
31.50MPa
(0.96%)
30.16MPa
(0%)
50.78MPa
(69.21%)
38. CONCRETE
TEST-
RESULTS
As per IS:516
*Ghosal M, Chakraborty ,’Estimation of the Mechanical Response of Nano Materials in Cement Concrete – A Study’, International Journal of Scientific Engineering & Science,
Volume 1, Issue 6,pp.42-46,2017
39. Durability Tests
Type of Concrete Exposure Conditions Strength
at 28 days
Strength
at 90 days
(% incr.)
Strength
at 180 days
(% incr.)
Control Concrete
In Air 40.12 49.71 48. 34
In MgCl2 -- 48.51 57.63
In MgSO4 -- 47.04 47. 96
M-40 Concrete
( CNT))
In Air 54.58
(36.04%)
72.37
(45.58%) 73.67
(52.40%)
In MgCl2 -- 67.78
(39.72%) A79.73
(38.35%)
In MgSO4 -- 65.07
(38.33%)
68.54
(42.91%)
M-40 Concrete
( nS))
In Air 49.77
(24.05%)
38.28
(-22.99%)
56.44
(16.76%)
In MgCl2 -- 34.19
(-29.52%)
33.43
(-41.99%)
In MgSO4 -- 33.29
(-29.23%)
33.99
(-29.13%)
41. Volume Stability
RESULTS
Type of Cements Original Length of
Sample(mm)
Average Expansion(%)
after Autoclaving
% Change
1.OPC 282 0.049% --
2.OPC+ 0.75%
nS
282 0.03% -38.77%
3.OPC+0.02%C
NT
282 0.0074% -84.90%
42.
43. OPTIMIZATION OF NANO-MATERIALS in
OPC
27.73
42.27
31.5
17.69
43.75
28.53
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
7 day Strength 28 day Strength 365 day Strength
nS(opt.)
CNT(opt.)
Control Sample
46. Challenges in Construction
Techniques for dispersing nanomaterials .
Chemical and mechanical measurements at the nanoscale.
Prediction of nanocomposites’ properties and service life over
a wide range of length scales.
Unknown health and environmental effects – virgin, released
material.
47.
48. v Further research on micro structural studies like
XRD,SEM,AFM,TEM,STM are necessary for
characterization of nano materials in concrete.