Keynote title : Effect of Polymers in Cement Concrete Behaviors

1. Application of Thermosetting v/s
Thermoplastic Polymeric
Composites and Polymeric
Nanocomposites in Cement
Concrete for Greater
Sustainability
Prof. Mainak Ghosal, Jt. Secretary, Coal Ash Institute of India,
IIEST,Shibpur

2. Concrete
Transition

3. List Slide
✔ Introduction
✔ About
✔ Work
✔ Description
✔ Process
✔ Summary

4. What are Polymers ?
# Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules(monomers)
# They have unique properties depending upon their bonding & how they are bonded
# A chemical reaction makes the polymer molecule(polymerization)
# They are natural and synthetic
“Poly” is a Greek word meaning “many”
“Mer” is also a Greek word meaning “unit”

5. SYNTHETIC(LONG CHAIN)
POLYMERS
ThermoplasticsThermosetting
Cross-Linked Amorphous Semi-Crystalline
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6. Thermoplastics v/s Thermosets
1. Linear Polymers
2. Undergo no chemical change in the
molding operation
3. Can be softened again and again
4. Can be reused
5. Soft & flexible
6. Affected by certain solvents
7. Not fireproof
1. Cross-linked Polymers
2. Undergo chemical change in the
molding operation
3. Can’t be re-softened once they hard
4. Can’t be reused
5. Hard & brittle
6. Unaffected by any solvent
7. Fireproof
e.g. Polycarboxylate Ether
e.g. Melamine Formaldehyde

7. Branch Point in Polymer
THERMOPLASTICS THERMOSETS
# Carbon atoms(1000 to 100,000) linked by covalent bonds form the skeleton of the polymer chain
# Polymer architecture is a microstructural feature
# Architecture affects its physical properties e.g. viscosity, solubility, glass transition temperature &
size of individual polymer coils in solution

8. Use of Polymers

9. GLOBAL
POLYMERIC
USAGES
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10. List Slide
✔ Introduction
✔ About
✔ Work
✔ Description
✔ Process
✔ Summary

11. Application v/s
Production

12. Polymeric Names
Polymers have different names in Cement Construction

13. Some Stats
LABORATORY
USAGE

14. PCE v/s MF ,Structural Differences
PCEComb Like
MFSurface Network

15. Dosages of
polymers vary from
0 to 5% w.r.to the
weight of cement
Conventional Polymeric
additions in cement
concrete- Melamine
Formaldehyde(MF) gives
typically 16-25%+ water
reduction
3rd generation Polymer
– Polycarboxylate
Ether(PCEs) typically
gives 20-35%+ water
reduction
Dosage @
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16. List Slide
✔ Introduction
✔ About
✔ Work
✔ Description
✔ Process
✔ Summary

17. Polymer Composites
Polymer Matrix + Reinforcement
COMPOSITES

18. MATRICES

19. Why use Polymer nano-composites ?
Increase in surface area atom efficiency

20. Moore, 2003;
Matarredona, 2003;
Vigolo , 2000; Regev,
2004; Grossiord, 2005;
Curran, 1998; Coleman,
2000; O'Connell, 2001
CNT Functionalization in Polymer
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21. STRENGTH OF PCE-CONCRETE COMPOSITES
Sumiati et al., 2020 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1500 012068

22. Properties of Polymer based
Nano Flyash(Filler)
Wt. of
Fly
Ash(
%)
Impact
Strength
(J)
Ultimate
Load
(KN)
Ultimate
Tensile
Strength
(MPa)
0 4 19.00 302.211
1 6 20.84 352.501
2 4 17.32 280.622
3 2 13.68 235.456
Sunkara et al.,Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Polymer based nano Flyash,
Vol. 1(2) Jul – Dec 2018: ISSN (Online): 2581-7019 @ Guru Nanak Publications,
India
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23. Structure-property relationships for polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers
Metwally Ezzat et al., Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 553 (2019) 788–797

24. Effect of side chain length of PCE
Chuang et al.,Polymers 2019, 11, 346; doi:10.3390/polym11020346, www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers

25. Release characteristics of selected CNT polymer composites
Fig.0.72% MWCNT/epoxy composite exposed to UV/50 C/75% RH
Christopher Kingston et al., C A R B ON 6 8 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 3 3 –5 7

26. List Slide
✔ Introduction
✔ About
✔ Work
✔ Description
✔ Process
✔ Summary

27. CNT dispersion in PCE
Oscar A et al., Effect of Carbon Nanotubes/Surfactant Dispersions in Portland Cement Pastes, Advances in Civil Engineering, Volume 2018,
Article ID 2057940, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2057940.

28. Ultrasonication
 CNTs form agglomerates due to attractive Van der Waals forces
 Ultrasonication imparts excitation energy to break up the nanotube clusters
Chuah, S. et al., Nano reinforced cement and concrete composites and new perspective from graphene oxide. Constr. Build. Mater. 2014, 73, 113–124.

29. Chuah, S. et al., Nano reinforced cement and concrete composites and new perspective from graphene oxide. Constr. Build. Mater. 2014, 73, 113–124.
MECHANISM..
Li, Zongjin (2011). Advanced concrete technology.
John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470902431

30. MECHANISM
Zhanhu Guo et al., Multifunctional Desulfurization Elastomeric Polymer Nanocomposites, 61st Annual Report, American Chemical Society,2016

31. List Slide
✔ Introduction
✔ About
✔ Work
✔ Description
✔ Process
✔ Summary

32. My Research
The polymer(PCE)/CNT composite is prepared by Ultrasonication & then casted in the Lab keeping
the cement: sand =1:3 & water added as per Indian Standards @ w/c=0.4

33. Polymer
CNT
StoneWater
Sand
Material
Used
Material Process Slide.
Polymer 2:
PCE(IS:9103)
Polymer 1:
Melamine Formaldehyde(IS:9103)
Nanomaterials:
CNT
Water:
Drinking quality
IS:3025
Sand:
IS: 383
Stone:
IS: 383
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34. 1
2 3
4
Step1:
Ultrasonication of
PCE/MF + CNT
Step2:
Casting of cement
composites in 1:3
Step3:
Keeping the w/c = 0.4
Step4:
Adding of the
Dispersed Polymer to
the cement
composites & curing
CASTING PROCESS
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35. Cement + Polymer ?
✔ Reduction in surface tension of water
✔ Induced electrostatic repulsion between particles of cement
✔ Lubricating film between cement particles
✔ Dispersion of cement grains, releasing H2O trapped within cement flocs

36. Mechanism of Cement Dispersion
Ghosal et al.,Influence of Cement Behaviour with & without Polymer Nanocomposites, Advanced Polymeric Materials,2018,River Publishers Series

37. Cube
Compressive Strength
-10%
28 days
Cube
Compressive Strength
39%
28 days
Cube
Compressive Strength
-0.15%
28 days
29%
28 days
OPC+1%MF
OPC+1%MF + 0.02% CNT
Cube
Compressive Strength
OPC+1%PCE+ 0.02% CNT
OPC+1%PCE
Ghosal et al.,Influence of Cement Behaviour with & without Polymer Nanocomposites, Advanced Polymeric Materials,2018,River Publishers Series
% incr. of Strength(w.r.to reference cubes) for Polymeric CNT cement composites
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38. Cement Hydration
Courtesy: Price, W.H.,
ACI J., 22(6), 417–432,
1951

39. Concrete + Polymer ?
✔ Polymer Concrete - Polymer is directly used as a binder to replace cement
✔ Polymer Impregnated Concrete – Impregnated from outside to concrete
✔ Polymer Modified Concrete – Polymer used as an admixture in concrete

40. 2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
28 Days 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months
BulkDensity,Kg/m3
Age of Cement & Concrete Composites
Control Cement Composites
0.02% CNT Composites
0.05% CNT Composites
0.1% CNT Composites
Control M-40 Grade Concrete
0.02% CNT enabled M-40 Concrete
Ghosal et al., A Study on Performance of Carbon based Nano-enabled Cement Composites and Concrete, Accepted for RILEM Book series (ISSN:
2211-0844) book, available on Springer Link.
POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES ON CONCRETE DENSITY

41. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
28 Days 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months
CompressiveStrength,N/mm2
Age of Cement & Concrete Composites
Control Cement Composites
0.02% CNT Composites
Control M-40 Grade Concrete
0.02% CNT enabled Concrete
0.05% CNT Composites
0.1% CNT Composites
Ghosal et al., A Study on Performance of Carbon based Nano-enabled Cement Composites and Concrete, Accepted for RILEM Book series (ISSN:
2211-0844) book, available on Springer Link.
POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES ON CONCRETE STRENGTH

42. List Slide
✔ Introduction
✔ About
✔ Work
✔ Description
✔ Process
✔ Summary

43. PCE @ 1% b.w.c PCE Nanocomposite
Concrete doubled its
strength @ 365 days
CNT @ 0.02% , 0.05% ,
0.1% b.w.c
No Literature available of strength
doubling of PCE Nanocomposite
Concrete till date
Main Points
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44. :
Melamine Formaldehyde:
electrostatic repulsion
Dispersion Difference:
MF v/s PCE
Schematic Mechanism:
PCE dispersion
PCE:
steric hindrance
Ghosal et al. ,Influence of Cement Behaviour with & without
Polymer Nanocomposites, Advanced Polymeric
Materials,2018,River Publishers SeriesICAMBC_2020

45. Sobolev et al., Laboratory Study of Optimized Concrete Pavement Mixtures, Technical Report · August 2015,
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28437.01768

47. Conclusions
✔ Melamine Formaldehyde (Thermosetting) is useful as a Polymeric
Composites in the cement matrix
✔ Polycarboxylate Ether(Thermoplastics) is useful as a Polymeric Nano-
composite both in cement & concrete matrix
✔ Post-Covid situation will need more Polymeric manufacturing &
applications to keep the climate change alive to leap-frog into a 2 world
if not 1.5

48. Do You Know?
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49. Thank
You!