Introduction to histopathology

1. INTRODUCTION
MR.: MAHMOUD IBRAHIM

2. •Outlines of the lecture:
• Introduction to histopathology and define the terms related to it
• Learning the application of histopathology
• Learning types of tissue samples
• Learning types of biopsies and autopsies

3. THE CELL
• Is the structural and functional unit of the body.

4. A TISSUE
• Is a mass of similar cells and cell products that arise from
the same region of the embryo and work together to
perform a specific structural or physiological role in an
organ.”

5. An ORGAN
• An organ is a group of similar or different tissues
performed one or multiple functions .e.g. liver, kidney.

6. A SYSTEM
• A system is a group of organs in the body.

7. Cells
Organization of the human body
Tissues
Organs systems
Organisms
(Human body)

8. HISTOLOGY
 Is the study of tissues and organs through the examination
of the Microscopical architecture, and the relationship
between cells and tissue types.

9. CYTOLOGY
• Cytology is the scientific study of cells obtained from
tissues or body secretions to identify disease

10. HISTOPATHOLOGY
• Is a science which study the diseased tissues

11. Applications of histopathology and cytology
 Neoplasia.
 Infection & inflammation.
 Congenital diseases.
 Monitoring treatment.

12. TYPES OF TISSUE SAMPLING
 A Biopsy
 An Autopsy

13. A BIOPSY
• A representative sample of tissue or organ from living case
for histological evaluation ( diagnosis) to ascertain further
management.

14. An AUTOPSY
 representative sample of tissue from dead case for
histological evaluation.
 to determine the cause and manner of death and to
evaluate any disease or injury that may be present.

15. Tissue biopsy used for
 Examine tissue for disease.
 To match organ before a transplantation.

16. TYPES OF TISSUE BIOPSY
 Excisional biopsy
Performed when the whole lesion is excised to give
histological diagnosis. e.g. skin lesion.

17.  Incisional biopsy
Part of the lesion is removed, Preformed when the
lesion is too big.

19.  Core biopsy
• Performed by using circular cutting needle= core of
tissue.
• A core biopsy Directed by ultra sound or C.T guided. e.g.
renal, liver biopsy.
 Fine-needle aspiration.
• A long, thin needle is inserted into the suspicious area.

21. NEEDLE BIOPSY

22.  Endoscopic biopsy:
• Performed in many sites e.g. GIT.
• Endoscopic biopsy associated with endoscopy.

24.  Punch biopsy:
• Skin biopsy in which a circular tool is used to remove a small
section of skin's deeper layers.
 Shave biopsy:
• Skin biopsy in which tool similar to a razor is used to scrape
the surface of the skin.

25. Punch biopsy

26. Shave biopsy

27.  Dilation and curettage (D&C) biopsy.
• Is a procedure in which the cervix of the uterus is
expanded (dilated) so that the uterine lining
(endometrium) can be removed with a spoon-
shaped instrument called a cruet or curette.

28. TYPES OF TISSUE AUTOPSY
 Forensic autopsy:
 For legal purpose
 Clinical/ academic autopsy:
 For research and study purposes.