Child labour and child abuse

1. Social Pathology
Child Labour and Child Abuse

2. Child Labour

3. Child Labour across the Globe

4. Child Labour
 Child labour is the practice of having children engages in
economic activity, on a part- or full-time basis.
 Child Labour isn’t only confined to India, it happens to be a
global phenomenon.

6. Child Labour in India
 Child labor is frequently utilized in India in various places of
production and service.
 E.g., small-scale industry, restaurant service, domestic aid,
shopkeeper’s assistant, stone breaking, book binding, and in
many other house-hold industry.

7. Child Labour in India
 Some child rights activists argue that child labour must
include every child who is not in school because he or she is
a hidden child worker.
 About 1 in 5 primary schools have just one teacher to teach
students across all grades.

8. Causes of Child Labour
 Earn and support their family
 Illiteracy
 Unawareness
 Low cost Labour
 Heredity based occupation
 Ancestral debts
 Over population

9. Effects of Child Labour
 Exploitation
 Illiterates
 Diseases
 Hazardous industrial situations

10. Child Labour in Industries
 Child labour in India are employed with the majority (70%) in agriculture
some in low-skilled labour-intensive sectors such as sari weaving or as
domestic helpers and some in heavy industry such as coal mining and
diamond making.
 These occupations neither formal education nor training.

11. Types of child labour: A recent
change
 The types of child labour have changed in recent years due to enforcement
of legislation, awareness amongst buyers about child exploitation, and
international pressure.
 Work is often gender-specific. In general, the workload and duration of the
working hours increases as children grow older.

12. Child Rights in India
 The Factories Act of 1948
 The Mines Act of 1952
 The Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986
 The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act of 2015
 The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009
 National Policy on Child Labour in 1987
 Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy

13. Child Abuse

14. Child Abuse
 According to UNICEF violence against children can be "physical
and mental abuse and injury, neglect or negligent treatment,
exploitation and sexual abuse.”

15. Child Abuse in India
 India has the world’s largest number of child sexual abuse
(CSA) cases.
 According to a 2007 study conducted by India's ministry of
women and child development, 53% of children surveyed said
they had been subjected to some form of sexual abuse.

17. Child Abuse in India: UNICEF
facts
 Major abuse reported between the age group of 5
to 11 years
 Boys, as compared to girls are equally at risk of
abuse
 Persons in trust and authority are major abusers,
mostly parents
 48.4% girls wished they were boys
 Most children reported the issue to no one

18. Child Abuse in India
 On November 3, 2017, a 1-year-old girl was raped by her 33-
year-old neighbor in outer Delhi.
 On May 13, 2017, a 10-year-old girl was found pregnant after
being repeatedly raped by her stepfather in Haryana.
 On May 10, 2017, a 21-month-old baby girl was raped by a 40-
year-old man from her neighborhood in Delhi’s Gandhi Nagar
area. He was a friend of her father.
 On the same day, another case came to light. A 5-year-old girl,
who was deaf and dumb, was raped by a 24-year-old man in
Varanasi.

19. Forms of Child Abuse
 Physical Abuse
 Psychological/Emotional Abuse
 Sexual Abuse
 Neglect
 Exploitation

20. Causes for Child Abuse
 Age
 Developmental status
 The relationship between the child and the
perpetrator/parent

21. Effects of Child Abuse
 Develop Trust Issues
 Unable to Express Emotions
 Feelings of Being Worthless
 Fear
 Low Self-esteem

22. How to stop Child Abuse?
 Children tend to suffer in silence hence it is necessary to ask
them to open up and share.
 Educate children about ‘the good touch and the bad touch’.
 Spread knowledge about child abuse.
 Most important is to report about this case in the nearest police
station.

23. Laws
 The protection of children from sexual offenses
(POCSO) Act.
 IPC 375 – Rape
 Juvenile Justice Act 2012.