Child abuse power point presentation main

Mother’s Profession and Child Sexual Abuse:
A Study on the People of Dhaka City

Nasreen Anwar Khan
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Business Administration
Asian University of Bangladesh
Karisma Amjad
Lecturer
Dept. of Social Work
Aysha Ashraf
Lecturer
Dept. of Business Administration

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is not a new one
phenomenon. It began to be noted as a significant
form of child abuse in the 1970s.
Child is a human being below the age of 18 years
unless under the law applicable to the
child, majority is attained earlier (Convention on
the Rights of the Child, 1989).
Forms of CSA can be contact and non-contact.
Contact abuse involves touching activities engaging
in sexual activities with a child, and non-contact
abuse involves non-touching activities, such as
grooming, persuading children to perform sexual
acts over the internet (Martin, et al, 1993).

CSA has been addressed in Bangladesh since the
early 1990s. (Slugget, C., 2003).
21% CSA occur because of close relatives including
father, 47% CSA occur by neighbors, friends and
community figures and rest 32% occur by house
tutors in Bangladesh (Shahin, N., 2014).
This rate is also increasing with the increasing rate
of women’s job involvement. The rate of increase
in labour force of women is becoming higher.
Women participation in the labour force at the
national level has increased from 23.9 percent in
1999-2000 to 36.0 percent in 2010 with an annual
rate of 5.06 percent in Bangladesh (Ali, M. A.,
2013).

The role of woman being a mother is very important
(Almani, D. A. S., et. al., 2012). Just as the childcare
deficit is worst for the poorest countries, within
countries children in poorer households are usually
left alone more than those in richer households.
Poor countries face a hidden crisis of children left
alone, with the poorest children at the highest risk.
This represents a failure of public policy – not
enough is being done to support families in
balancing the demands of work and childcare
(Samman, E., et. al., 2016).

The objectives are:
 To find out the reason of job involvement of
mothers and its effect on their children
 To analyze the relationship between mother’s
profession and child sexual abuse,
 To give recommendations how to lessen
sexual abuse.

These are some rationales which cannot ignore:
 This study will be more useful for academic
purpose in worldwide.
 This research will be helpful for taking
preventive measurement against CSA.
 This study will be helpful for the working
mothers to safe their children from CSA.
 The policy makers of Bangladesh may be
benefited from this study for developing policy
against CSA.

 Many international and national researches have
been conducted on Mother’s Profession and
Childs sexual abuse separately.
 In the study of J.Dronkers (1995), In this article
the effects of paid work outside the home by the
mother in Netherland and of the level of her work
on her child’s educational attainment at the end
of primary school and found that Working in
laboring jobs has a negative effect on children’s
educational attainment compared to working as a
house wife; this in contrast to the positive effects
of working as a shopkeeper, farmer or employee.

 In the study of BRAC (2013), during July 2007 to June
2010, a nongovernment organization in Bangladesh,
reported 713 incidents of rape and attempted rape of
children (< 18 years) in rural Bangladesh. Rape and
attempted rape, particularly of young girls, constituted
64% of all reported incidents of violence against children.
Children were found to be abused by men from all walks
of life, mainly by non-family-members (83%).
 According to Dr. Almani, Abro and Mugheri(2012), It was
found that the trend of mothers’ employment is increasing
day by day. The children of mothers staying at home and
working do not have any significant difference. Children’s
view about mothers’ employment is found positive. There
is no significant difference between children of employed
and non-employed mothers. The attachment between
employed mothers and children is decreasing.

 Tobey , McAuliff & Rocha (2013) ,examined
the relationship between employment status
and severity of symptoms in children abused
during a recession year. Participants included
154 females and 65 males between 2 and 17
years old referred to Dallas Children's
Advocacy Center after surviving child sexual
abuse, physical abuse, and/or neglect. The
paper concluded that child abuse survivors
whose mothers are unemployed have
increased risk for psychological symptoms.

The Main Research Method:
It was an empirical study carried out from June to November
2017 to review working pattern of victim’s mother, the
relationship between the mother’s profession and child
sexual abuse, socioeconomic living condition of victim’s
family.
The Research Site :
General information collected from the city of Dhaka. For this
research the target aged group of children has taken from 2
years to 10 years that is the vulnerable sexual abuse group.
A purposive sampling technique:
The sample size of 50 in various places like renowned
hospitals, reputed slams and purposive households in the
area of Dhaka City.

Data
Primary Sources
Key Informant
Interview
In-depth Interview Interview Schedule
Secondary Sources
Newspaper, Books,
Journals, Annual
reports of Ministry
etc.

 Poverty
 Increasing Inflation
 With the increasing rate of education of
women
 Self-dignity
 for the sake of better education and training
of their children.

 The children of working mother learn how to fulfill
responsibilities, and the value of being a productive and self-
relying individual.
 The mother and child relation becomes stronger by quality
time together, not quantity.
 The children of mothers realize the importance of work in the
early part of life. They understand the value of time.
 In the absence of mothers, children develop social
interactions with other people. They become socially strong,
mentally alert and physically strong.
 The daughters of working mothers were found to set higher
goals for themselves (Gershaw, 1988). Children of working
mothers were also seen as feeling that they had control over
their environment (Gershaw, 1988).
 Employed mothers make the children more independent.

 The first five years are very crucial for the cognitive, affective
and psychomotor development of children. In this period if a
child don’t get his/her mother properly, it may be affect the
children negatively in his/her rest of the life.
 The attachment between employed mothers and children is
decreasing. If the early attachment phase gets interrupted,
there will be a risk for children. They will become detached
from mothers and as a result they are emotionally disrupted
and unable to build true relationships.
 Children’s home life may be very bad if they are kept under
the care of any person other than mother. And that case
psychological disorder and inferiority complex can take place.
 Monitoring and supervision of children are not properly done
by employed mother. When children are unmonitored and
unsupervised they most likely show the negative effects in
conduct and behavior.

Source: field survey, 2017
During the study it has been shown that the number of female
children were more than the number of male children. On the study
we can see that the female children were 84.00% while the male
children were 16.00%.
84%
16%
Percentage
Distribution of the Sexual Abuse
Child according to their sex
Male Female

Among the respondents only 26% have not involved on
profession and the other 74% have involved on
profession.
Percentage
74%
26%
Respondents according to
their Profession
Profession Non Profession

Among the respondents, the greatest percentage that is
34% of the respondents work as a garments worker. At
the other end 24% respondents have to work as a
service holder and only 16% of them work as a maid
servant. And rest of them that is 26% of the
respondents have not involved herself in profession.
34%
16%
24%
26%
Varity of Respondents’ Profession
Garments worker
Maid servant in resident
Service holder
Home maker/non-profession mother

During the study it has been shown that the majority
incident were occurred in lower class. On the other hand, 18%
incident were found in middle class and only 8% were in
higher class.
Higher Middle Lower
8%
18%
74%
Status of the Respondents

The above chart represents that the majority of the respondents
(54%) agreed that they kept their children in their residential place.
Besides, 28% of children have to stay with relatives. Whereas, 18% of
the children who stayed with the maid servant only.
Home with Servant Home with
Relative
In residential place
18%
28%
54%
Information of Victim Stayed
Generally at Respondent’s Work Time

During the study period 74% of the respondents mentioned that the
necessity of their job for her family was very much who were
basically belong to lower class. And 18% of the middle class
respondents mentioned that the importance of their job for their
family was medium. But higher class respondents (8%) said that the
job was not mandatory for their family.
In essential Medium Very much
Percentage 8% 18% 74%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Axis
Title
Necessity of Respondent’s Job for the Family

About 98% of respondents felt that their job involvement had an
impact on their child and family, however only 2% respondents
thought that there had no effect on their family for involving herself
in the job.
Yes , 98%
No , 2%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Percentage
Axis
Title
Effect on Respondent’s Family for Involving herself in the Job

[ More than one answers by one respondent] Source: field survey, 2017
During the study all professional mother agreed about the category
of effect on respondent’s family for involving herself in the job. Only
few mentioned job involvements make distance between mother and
children but every job holder mother mentioned that they did not
give quality time to the kids and it also made loneliness of kids.
37%
37%
26%
Category of Effect on Respondent’s Family for
Involving herself in the Job
Don’t give quality time to the kids
Loneliness of kinds
Distance between mother and
children

Data collection from the field has been shown that maximum 48%
victims’ age was 8 to 10 years at incident time.
2 to 4, 24%
4 to 6, 12%
6 to 8, 16%
8 to 10, 48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Age Level of Victim at Incident Time

About 24% of the victim’s incident happened by the local people,
however around 7% incident happened by own or step father. On the
other hand, 10% of the incident happened by community leader.
Besides, other victim’s incident happened by maid servant (12%) and
relatives (16%).
0%
14%
48%
16%
12%
10%
22%
Child Sexual Abuse Happened by Whom
Father
Local people
Relatives
Maid servant
Community leader

From the study, it has been found that the most of the incident that
was 34% were happened at residential place. 30% and 20% incidents
were occurred at outside of resident and at home respectively.
Whereas, 12% incident were happened at relatives house and only 4%
incident have been found in fair.
At home
Residential place
Outside of resident
In Fair
At relative house
20%
34%
30%
4%
12%
Place of the incident happened

Particularly there are various thought about the Respondent’s
believe in the reason of this incident. Whatever they think the
incident happened because of job involvement. Besides they
mention insecure community place, Lack of implication of Law
and Increase immorality also the reason of happing this incident.

In the study time it has been found that most of the
respondent (70%) have changed their place after incident.
However rest of 30% respondent did not change their place
after incident.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Change place Do not change
place
70%
30%
Change Resident After Incident
Percentage

During the study it has been seen that the child of professional
mother sexually abused more than the number of child of
non professional mother. On the study we can see that the
professional mother’s child sexually abuse were 74.00% while
the non professional mother’s child sexually abuse were
26.00%. which ratio was also similar to the expertise opinion.
74% 26%
Percentage
Distribution of Child Sexual Abuse according to Mother’s
Profession
Professional mother’s child sexually abuse Non Professional mother’s child sexually abuse

Based on survey data, 89 % mother still involved in job and
rest of them 11 % did not involve them in job after incident.
Whereas only 74% mother of victim’s involved in job. Though,
all most all mother of victim’s mentally anxious about the
child security and 96% of victim’s other present social status
lowers than before and 4% of them thought that their status
did not lose their status after the incident. Actually these 4%
respondents in the people of higher class.
89%
11%
98%
2%
96%
4%
Percentage Percentage
Present Condition of the Victim’s Mothers
Victim’s mother still involving in job
Victim’s mother mentally anxious about the child security
Victim’s mother present social status lower than before

All respondent’s emphasized of positive outlook towards the victim
and improving community security system. The highest percentage
of respondents (96%) gave solution to induce day care facility for the
child of professional mother by GO and NGO.
Credit facility by the Government
Improve community security system
Free medical treatment
Positive outlook towards the victim
Rehabilitation program for victim
Induce day care facility for the child of professional mother by
GO or NGO
Empathetic behavior of the family members with victim
Government and NGOs should come forward for the well being
of victim
24%
100%
80%
100%
92%
96%
70%
60%
Consider to Improve Respondent’s Livelihood for Victim

From this study, all respondents thought that to prevent such kind of accident,
a community awareness program according to the age level should be
established. The highest percentage of respondents (90%) thought that
babysitting arrangement, safer requirement practices by schools and
organizations and to make restrictions for their child to mix with people can
stop of happening such kind of accident.
Establish a community awareness program according to the age…
Baby sitter has trusted reference
Help children speak out
Schools and other organizations should follow safer requirement…
Arrange child protection training by schools
Create safer environment through place based approach
Parents make restriction for their child to mix with people
100%
90%
80%
90%
70%
60%
90%
Respondents think about the prevention of
such kind of incident

The above chart represents that the respondents’ perceptions regarding to what they consider for
environmental up gradation. Among the predefined recommendation highest uphold need to stop
sexual abuse by implementing National Law. It is noticeable that not only spread the awareness
through social media but also change the way the mother thinks about job and get proper information
from caretaker of the child after coming back from work. It is also point out in this study that
developing the consciousness through media and one day program (Seminar, Workshop, cultural
program) by GO and NGO can help to consider for environmental up gradation.
Change the
way you think
about job
Decentralizati
on of the
working
facilities
Develop the
consciousness
through media
Get proper
information
from caretaker
of the child
after stating
work
Spread the
awareness
through social
media
Stop sexual
abuse by
implementing
National Law
One day
program
(Seminar,
Workshop,
cultural
program) by
GO and NGO
Percentage 95% 90% 75% 90% 95% 98% 70%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Consider for Environmental Up Gradation

 A girl age 10 years did not want to mention
her name studied in class four. Her mother
cannot give quality time because of
involvement of job as a garments worker .Her
father was a day labor. Her father touched her
sensitive body parts in absence of her
mothers and others. One of her school
teacher identified the problem because of her
mental disruption and absent mind in every
day at school. After disclosing the incident in
school she left from study.


 Age of the girl was four years lived at Badda. Her
mother involved in a job and did not stay whole
day with her daughter. Once the girl played out
side of her house in residential place. Then one of
the older neighbor rapped the girl by cutting the
lower sensitive part of the body with blade. After
that incident the girl was admitted in hospital and
that was spread out by media. After disclosing the
incident the victim’s family changed their home
place and rapist was not caught by police, still now.

 According to project director from department of
women affairs, Dr. Abul Hossain and Assistant
director of Aparajeyo-Bangladesh (NGO), Md.
Golam Mostafa---“The rate of child sexually abuse
is 70% whose mother’s are professionally involved.”
 According to Additional Deputy Police
Commissioner from Dhaka Metropolitan Police
(Victim Support center), Asma Siddiqua Mili, “After
incident of sexually abuse the children have not
instant mental effect but they are affected socially
for the rest of life because of our social values.”

 On the study we can see that the female children were 84.00%
while the male children were 16.00%.
 26% respondents did not involve in work and rest 74%
respondents involved herself in profession.
 The majority incident (74%) occurred in lower class. On the
other hand, 18% incident were found in middle class and only
8% were in higher class.
 Lower class and middle class respondents mentioned the
necessity of respondent’s job for her family very much and
some of the middle class respondents mentioned about their
job not to essential for their family.
 About 98% of respondents felt that their job involvement had
an impact on their child and family. job holder mother have
mentioned that they did not give quality time to the kids and it
also creates loneliness of kids.

 89.19% mother have still involved in job.
 96% of Victim’s mother present social status
lowers than before.
 Maximum 48% victims’ age was 8 to 10 years
at incident time.
 About 24% of the victim’s incident happened
by the local people and other victim’s
incident happened by maid servant (12%).
 The professional mother’s child sexually
abuse were 74.00% which ratio was also
similar to the expertise opinion.

 All respondents emphasized for improving
respondent livelihood for victim by positive
outlook towards the victim and improving
community security system. The highest
percentage of respondents (96%) gave solution
to induce day care facility.
 Most of the respondents agreed that to prevent
such kind of accident, a community awareness
program according to the age level should be
established.
 All respondents considered for environmental up
gradation by developing the consciousness
through social media, and one day program
(Seminar, Workshop cultural program) by GO and
NGO for mothers and children

 It was difficult to access to get information sometimes because
of giving respondents own suitable place and time.
 The sample of the respondent were found non co-operative
and failed to adequately reveal the fact lying at times.
 On the other hand, only fifty respondents are not enough for
representing the actual scenario of this study.
 In this research, we did not represent the direct impact of
mother’s profession and child’s sexual abuse because of
unavailable data.
 Finally, they study will be more efficient to represent various
aspect of community if we get enough time and money.

 We should ensure that children are as safe as
possible wherever they spend their time.
 Children can be vulnerable to sexual abuse
and inappropriate content in the online world.
Some preventive techniques should be applied
to keep online spaces safe for children.
 Adults can make sure children are safe by
checking on areas that are infrequently used
or left unsupervised such as quiet corridors or
outdoor spaces.

 Schools and other organizations like as baby
day care center should follow safer
recruitment practices and ensure everyone
working or volunteering with children should
have child protection training.
 We should concern about our child are likely
to spend time in environments with proper
supervision.

 We should also help and support our kids to
develop the confidence to identify abusive
behavior and to make controlling
relationships.
 Through sex and relationships education,
schools can teach children about healthy
relationships and sexual consent.

 We should increase the cooperative
organization of women and child affairs, NGO
to minimize child sexual abuse.
 One stop crisis cell facility should be known
and spread out whole over the country by
media.

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