Sexual violence case on children in Indonesia is increasing significantly. There are some factors that is causing it, such as the nurture pattern deviation in family. Various kinds of strategies have been applied by government, but the result is still not as it is supposed to be. One of the applied strategy is by promoting health. Promotion strategy is performed by advocacy, society empowerment and building environment. Promotion strategy in conventional way, like preaching and counseling, does not attract nice attention from toddler’s parents, in fact it is weary. Promotion is performed periodically from trained health workers, training staff for Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) and the other staff, after that it is shared to the toddler’s mother by educational programs. Toddler is the main target of the educational program. Material about sex education, that is adapted by the age of the toddler, begins from the third year or when phallic phase begins.

1. 1
HEALTH PROMOTION USING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS MODEL IN
PREVENTING PEDOPHILIA ISSUE
Trini Handayani
Suryakancana University
Nationality Indonesian
trinihandayani2012@gmail.com
Abstract
Sexual violence case on children in Indonesia is increasing significantly. There are some
factors that is causing it, such as the nurture pattern deviation in family. Various kinds of
strategies have been applied by government, but the result is still not as it is supposed to
be. One of the applied strategy is by promoting health. Promotion strategy is performed
by advocacy, society empowerment and building environment. Promotion strategy in
conventional way, like preaching and counseling, does not attract nice attention from
toddler’s parents, in fact it is weary. Promotion is performed periodically from trained
health workers, training staff for Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) and the other staff,
after that it is shared to the toddler’s mother by educational programs. Toddler is the main
target of the educational program. Material about sex education, that is adapted by the age
of the toddler, begins from the third year or when phallic phase begins.
Keywords: educational programs, phallic phase, sexual violence.
Introduction
Sexual deviance cases are like iceberg, a little of them have been revealed, but there are
still a lot of unknown cases. Most of the victims (accompanied by their parents) are not
willing to report the violence they have undergone because of shame. There are even a lot
of victims that can-not report it because of their death. The case at Jakarta International
School recalls some facts which prove that there are plenty of sexual violence against
child in Indonesia, as written by Hartono Harimurti on Suara Merdeka “Kebiri atau
Hukum Mati” (Neuter or Death Sentence). Similar case also happens in Sukabumi. There
are 113 children known as the victims of Andri Sobari also known as Emon, around 60
people are allegedly treated improper by a casual worker on a factory. Afterwards, there is
a confession from a casual worker from Lebaksiu, Tegal Regency, Sama’i also known as
Ropi’i. He confessed that he had abused more that 100 boys. There are also even teachers
and religious leaders who are supposed to protect and to educate children, not to “prey”
them.
Child is a mandate and a bounty all at once from God Almighty, that we have to protect
for he/she inherits dignity, prestige, and also the rights as a human that must be upheld the
fairest. Child rights is part of human rights stated on 1945 Indonesia Constitution and
Convention on the Rights of the Child ratified by Indonesia government through
Indonesia President Provision Number 36 Year 1990, also stated on Indonesia
Constitution Number 4 Year 1979 about Child Prosperity and Indonesia Constitution
Number 23 Year 2002 jo Indonesia Constitution Number 36 Year 2014 about Child
Protection, and all of them state basic principles of child protection, that is
non-discrimination, the best interest for child, growing and continuing life, and respecting

2. 2
child’s participation.1
Violence act phenomenon happens on children begins to attract a lot of attention in public,
when some private TV stations are showing vulgarly on criminal program, such as: rape
case performed by the family of the victim or victim’s close associate, sodomy case, child
trafficking that later is exploited as prostitute, and murder. Plenty of cases happen on
child have been considered as an indicator of how bad the quality of child protection
quality is. The existence of child, that has no ability to live independently yet, surely
needs adults as a place to shelter. The low quality of child protection in Indonesia gains a
plethora of criticisms from every aspect of society. The frequently asked question is how
far the government has involved itself in granting legal protection for child so that the
child will be guaranteed to life and continue his/her life as a part of human rights. While
it is stated on Article 20 Indonesia Constitution Number 23 Year 2002 jo Indonesia
Constitution Number 36 Year 2014 about Child Protection, that the one who is
responsible and obligatory in organizing child protection is nation, government, society,
family, and parents.2
One of the sex practice deviation comes in a form of sexual violence. Which means
sexual intercourse practice that is performed by using violence violates the value and
religion teachings and also violates the current law. Violence is shown in order to prove
that the suspect has power, physically and non-physically. His/her power can be used as a
tool to perform his/her wicked act. Abdul Wahid and Muhammad Irfan regards sexual
violence as a term that refers to sexual deviation act or sexual intercourse deviation.3
The feeling of curiosity on children of 3-5 years old causes him/her to ask every single
question in which he/she sees, hears, or feels. One of the question that confuses parents in
explaining to their children is about sexuality matter. On that age, child enters the phallic
phase where he/she begins to feel that his/her genitalia will give him/her pleasure. Eastern
culture considers that talking about sexuality is taboo, furthermore if they have to explain
it to their children and inside parents’ mind sexuality is frequently linked to sexual
intercourse on adults. The fact provided by the media is very open in presenting
information about sexuality. Parents take huge role in explaining to their children, that is
why positive attitude is needed from parents, especially mother, about how important
sexual education for children is. Positive attitude will help mother in guiding their
children to explain the right sexuality matter according to child’s development. Sexual
education must be given since early age, moreover nowadays a lot of children have been
the victims of sexual exploitation. For children of 3-5 years old, the proper sexual
education is by introducing child’s organs and their functions, explaining the difference
between boys and girls, and also explaining the sensation sensed by their genitalia.4
Any accurate data of sexual violence against child has not yet been available, since not
many sexual violence against children cases reported. This problem is considered as a
domestic problem that does not need to be recognized by the others.5
1
Nur Hidayati, Perlindungan Anak terhadap Kejahatan Kekerasan Seksual (Pedofilia), Ragam Jurnal
Pengembangan Humaniora Vol. 14 No. 1, April 2014, page 69
2
Vina Kartikasari, Skripsi Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Urgensi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai
Korban Tindak Pidana Perkosaan, 2013, Universitas Brawijaya, page 8.
3
Lukman Hakim Nainggolan, Bentuk-Bentuk Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Di Bawah Umur,
JURNAL EQUALITY, Vol. 13 No. 1 Februari 200, page 73
4
Inhastuti Sugiasih, Jurnal Psikologi Proyeksi Vol 6 No 1 April 2011, page 71
5
Ira Paramastri, Supriyati, Muchammad A. Priyanto, Early Prevention Toward Sexual Abuse on Children,

3. 3
Research Issue
Sexual violence issue on child is so worrying as the tremendous negative impact
experienced by the child will last many years after the incident. The memory about sexual
violence occurred will never vanish as the time goes. Seto Mulyadi (on
www.femina.co.id, 2010) even states that sexual violence against children is 10 times
more torturing than against adults. The reason is that children are so dependent, weak,
easily teased, and easily fooled. Besides, sexual violence and harassment are not only
physical act, like rape, groping, or forced kissing. This act also storms child’s personality
and psychology. Child will become apathetic, inferior, quitter, and having negative
thinking of him/herself like feeling as if he/she is the most humiliated person, or feeling
as if he/she lives with full of sufferings. Conversely, sexual violence happen on child can
also enable him/her to imitate the violence he/she had. Thus, child will consider that life
must be always lived in violent way, so that on the next generation child will also perform
the similar sexual violence against child aged below. It still gets worse than those that
sexual violence case against child usually will make the child having premature sexual
act, doing sexual intercourse with anybody (promiscuity), involved in drug abuse, and
thinking to suicide that will eventually end up in suicidal act (Nevid, 2005). The huge
negative impact for the victims demands efforts from many parties.6
In respect to sexual violence pattern against child, it is seldom found using direct physical
contact. Most of the suspects are using manipulation, fraud, violent threat to seize the
child’s submission. Child has no ability to think wisely and typically abide blindly to the
adult’s authority. Child can be easily directed or manipulated by irresponsible adult,
especially when the suspect is trusted by the child. Violent threat will be used by suspect
against child if persuasion, or fraud failed to make children obey (Nevid, 2005). Despite
most of the children are persecuted once, in some cases a persecution pattern is
undergone monthly or even yearly. Persecuted child sexually by his/her family member is
more likely to undergo sexual violence incident repeatedly. There are some risk factors or
conditions that are considered susceptible in letting child having sexual violence. First
risk factor is age. Some researches show that preteen child (around 8-12 years old) is
having more risk to have sexual violence (Finkelhor on Sciarra, 2004). The increase of
the risk begin from age 10. Moreover, girls are 4 times riskier than boys. Other than that,
sexual violence against child also links to the family. The connected risk factors with the
family are the family without father, busy mother that is working outside the house,
broken home family, and also the family in which the child has no good relationship with
his/her parents (Sciarra, 2004).7
Home or family is an institution that holds the biggest role and fundamental in building a
healthy sexual behavior. Home is a proper place to establish sexual education
fundamental for child so that it really resolves the root problems. There are some reasons
why sexual education need to be given by parents and begin from home: (1) Parents are
the closest to their children since they were born. Parents also the people that understand
the most of their children physical, mental, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual condition
Jurnal Psikologi Volume 37, NO. 1, JUNI 2010: 1 – 12, page 2
6
Kartika Nur Fathiyah, Peran Konselor Sekolah Untuk Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak, Jurnal
Paradigma, No. 09 Th. V, Januari 2010 � ISSN 1907-297X page 76
7
Kartika Nur Fathiyah, Peran Konselor Sekolah Untuk Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak, Jurnal
Paradigma, No. 09 Th. V, Januari 2010 � ISSN 1907-297X page 81-82

4. 4
in every step of their growth. (2) The proximity between parents and their children enable
parents to understand their children’s needs, and they can also control or determine the
appropriate method of sexual education for them. (3) Sexual education from home
actually asserts the important role of family institution in founding physical, cognitive,
mental, emotional, and sexual aspects for children.
According to the statements, it is evident that family and parents are the
foundation of sexual education for child. Parents’ role principally can never be replaced
by any other institution. Parents must be capable to be the primary trusted and source of
information for their children.8
Pedophilia word comes from Greek that consists of the word pais (children) and
phillia (love as a friend or friend). Pedophilia is interpreted as mental disorder on adults
or teens that starts to mature (a person aged 16 or older) usually marked by primary
sexual interest or exclusive on prepubescent child (generally aged 13 or younger,
although puberty maybe variable). Child must be at least 5 years younger on teen
pedophilia case (16 years old or older) so that it can be classified as pedophilia.
Descriptive Qualitative
The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive study, which included
qualitative research. The purpose of this study is to reveal the facts , circumstances ,
phenomena and circumstances that occurred while running the research and presenting
what it is. Interpret qualitative descriptive study and said that the data concerned with the
current situation , attitude and outlook that occur in the community .
In accordance with Moh. Farihin and Yulinda W (2012) on their article “Konsep
Asuhan Keperawatan Anak Pedofilia (Pedophilia Child Nursing Care Concept)”,
Pedophilia is an abnormal sexual behavior and there is a strong repeated motivation in
form of genitalia intercourse with prepubertal child or abnormal like towards child,
sexual activity against child.
America Psychiatric Association on its book Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders 4th
Edition states that, the criteria of pedophilia diagnosis are as follow:
1. There is at least sixth months of stimulus, a repeated urge to have sex with
children (generally with children aged 13 or younger);
2. Someone acts as this sexual urge or this urge inflicts oppression or interference
against interpersonal personality;
3. Aged at least 16 or at least 5 years older than the children of the first criteria9
Some factors of why someone is having pedophilia are as follow:
1. Economic pressure. Terrible and worrying economic condition causes children
to be enslaved by the adults by lust just because they need certain amount of money to
meet their daily needs;
2. Vengeance. Pedophilia behavior when the suspect was a child is usually the
victim of pedophilia act so that when the suspect has been adult, he/she wants to do the
same to the other children. Andri Sobari also known as Emon is a victim of sodomy when
he was 12 commited by 3 suspects. This unpleasant experience is what makes Emon a
8
Inhastuti Sugiasih, Jurnal Psikologi Proyeksi Vol 6 No 1 April 2011, page 78
9
Nurhidayati, Perlindungan Anak Terhadap Kejahatan Kekerasan Seksual (pedofilia), Ragam Jurnal
Pengembangan Humaniora Vol. 14 No. 1, April 2014, page 69

5. 5
pedophilia suspect later.10
3. A huge amount of curiosity. The suspect has a huge amount of curiosity
towards sexual deviation like pedophilia. Because when the suspect was a victim, he/she
wanted to know how it felt by performing it and from this very behavior, it will produce
the sense of addiction, especially the children, that lives on the street, are willing to
sacrifice their dignity to do it again.11
Cole (on Sciarra, 2004) also explains that there is a myth circling around society which
said that the suspect is usually a stranger to the victim. In face sexual violence is done to
the children by their close related person. Even Faller (1989) said that sexual violence
against child is often performed by the member of the family rather than by some
strangers. Those views are in accordance with the data collected by East Java Child
Protection Organization (Lembaga Perlindungan Anak [LPA]) in collaboration with
UNICEF (on Huraerah, 2007) find the exact same thing. If it is looked in to detail, the
sexual violence suspect’s status and profession can be seen on table 1.
Table 1. Rape against Child Suspect’s Status and Profession
Num Suspect Frequency %
1 Cops -- --
2 Father 30 9,6%
3 Grandfather 6 1,9%
4 Relative 32 10,3%
5 Public school teacher 16 5,1%
6 Teacher of the Koran 12 3,9%
7 Victim’s neighbor 112 35,9%
8 Friend 10 3,2%
9 Other 94 30,1%
Total 312 100%
Data on table 1 shows that the most frequent suspect is victim’s neighbor (112
cases or 35.9%) that generally has known victim. Relative is also showing high
percentage of 32 cases or 10.3%, followed by father 30 cases or 9.6%, school teacher 16
cases or 5.1%, teacher of the Koran 12 cases or 3.9%, friend 10 cases or 3.2% and
grandfather 6 cases or 1.9%. In relation to the sexual violence pattern on child, direct
physical contact is seldom used. Most of the suspects are using manipulation, fraud,
violent threat to seize the child’s submission. Child has no ability to think wisely and
typically abide blindly to the adult’s authority. Child can be easily directed or
manipulated by irresponsible adult, especially when the suspect is trusted by the child.
Violent threat will be used by suspect against child if persuasion, or fraud failed to make
children obey (Nevid, 2005). Although most of the persecuted children have undergone
persecution pattern that occurs monthly or even yearly, the children that is sexually
10
Ismantoro Dwi Yuwono, Penerapan Hukum dalam Kasus Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Anak, Pustaka
Justisia, Jakarta, 2015, page 86.
11
Ismantoro Dwi Yuwono, Penerapan Hukum dalam Kasus Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Anak, Pustaka
Justisia, Jakarta, 2015, page 69-70.

6. 6
persecuted by the family member are more likely to experience sexual violence incident
repeatedly (Nevid, 2005).12
Child’s Characteristic that has Undergone Sexual Violence
Behavior is the main form used by child to interact. When child has no words to say or no
ability to communicate his/her trauma verbally, then child starts to ‘behave’, having
psychosomatic symptom, or showing his/her trauma through suspect’s indicator. Most of
behaviors’ form indicate that child has experienced sexual violence shown in non-trauma
situation, therefore careful observation is compulsory. Here are child’s characteristics
physically and psychologically that has experienced sexual violence according to WHO
Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention (1999):
Table 2. Child’s Characteristics Physically and Psychologically that has Experienced
Sexual Violence
Physical Characteristics Psychological Characteristics
Inconvenient to sit and walk Negative dignity
Underwear is bloody and dirty Not believing to others (difficult to be
close with others)
Anal or genitalia area is itchy Cognitive and motor dysfunction
Swollen and bloody on perineal area Personal and social ability deficit
Genital disease Criminal or running away from home
Drug dependency Drug dependency
Obstructed growth Suicidal idea and depression
Pregnant in adolescence Reporting sexual persecution
Sperm trail Psychotic
Bedwetting Disturbed habit/destructive13
Feces playing
Sexual Violence Impact on Child
Sexual violence impact on child is different from one to another. It is important to accept
the fact that different people will also have different reaction on an event. Immediate
reaction usually last some days to some weeks. Predominant reaction tends to be a shock
and feeling helpless (Ollier & Hobday, 2004).14
Prevention program that is organized through workshop, seminar, training, group
discussion, movie playing, poster, or tradition facility is considered attractive. Prevention
program can be organized in public, nature, or group meeting (Stockdale, 1996). Early
prevention program can be performed by health promotion. Health promotion is an effort
to increase and control someone’s health (Elwes &Simnet, 1994).15
12
Kartika Nur Fathiyah, Peran Konselor Sekolah Untuk Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak, Jurnal
Paradigma, No. 09 Th. V, Januari 2010 � ISSN 1907-297X page 80- 81
13
Esya Anesty Mashudi, Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak Melalui Pengajaran Personal Safety
Skills, Metodik Didaktik Vol. 9, No. 2, Januari 2015, page 64
14
Esya Anesty Mashudi, Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak Melalui Pengajaran Personal Safety
Skills, Metodik Didaktik Vol. 9, No. 2, Januari 2015, page 65
15
Ira Paramastri, Supriyati, Muchammad A. Priyanto, Early Prevention Toward Sexual Abuse on Children,

7. 7
One of the effort to raise society’s participation is by using society empowerment strategy.
Society empowerment is performed through health promotion strategy including
advocacy, social support and society empowerment. Advocacy strategy is addressed to
the decision maker either on health or the other sectors besides health; social support is
addressed to the public figure either formal (teacher, headman, sub-district head) or
informal (religious leader) figure, while society empowerment is addressed directly to the
society.16
Suharto (on Huraerah, 2007) explains some counseling program models that can be
given to the children that have experienced sexual violence. Those are as follow:
1. The dynamic of Sexual Abuse. This counseling mainly focuses on developing
child’s concept that sexual violence incident is the mistake and the responsible of the
suspect, not the victim. Children are guaranteed that they will not be blamed even though
there was a sexual contact. Sexual contact on incident is the result of the suspect that is
more adult, stronger, smarter, and it is considered criminal;
2. Protective behaviors Counseling. In this counseling children are trained to master
their ability to overcome their susceptibility against sexual violence from the others
adapted to their age. For example preschool children are trained to say ‘no’ to the
unwanted groping or to stay away immediately from others that seem to want to do
sexual violence;
3. Survivor or self esteem. This counseling sought to bring around children that have
been a victim, that they actually not a victim, in fact they are the one that can survive to
over sexual violence problem. This counseling can also focus on working up child’s
awareness of strength and ability he/she has;
4. Feeling Counseling. Children’s ability, that have experienced sexual violence, to
recognize some senses in this process will be identified. Children are convinced that they
actually have right to have their own feeling. Their feeling are not judged good or bad.
Afterwards child will be motivated to express unpleasant feelings either when
experiencing sexual violence or now. In this condition children will be given an
opportunity to accurately focus on anger with the suspect and also with the parents, cops,
legal court, or school counselor that have no ability to protect them. Nevertheless,
counselor must also appreciate complicated child’s rights or refuse to state his/her feeling.
Forcing will just strengthen their feeling of guilty and their suffering.
5. Cognitive Therapy. This counseling is performed by intervening in any way, for
instance the termination of negative thoughts. It can be done as an example by asking the
child to imagine that his/her fear and worry are like water flowing from the tap. Child of
sexual violence victim is asked to imagine that now he/she was rising his/her hand and
reaching the tap and then closing it strongly. Furthermore, cognitive therapy can be also
done by changing thought, e.g. the counselor wants to help child memorize the short lyric
in form of statement that contrasts to his/her worry. The child then repeats the lyric to
erase his/her worry.
JURNAL PSIKOLOGI VOLUME 37, NO. 1, JUNI 2010: 1 – 12, page 3
16
Sri Rezeki, Aras Mulyadi, Nopriadi, Strategi Promosi Kesehatan Terhadap Peningkatan Perilaku Hidup
Bersih Dan Sehat Individu Pada Masyarakat Perkebunan Di Wilayah Puskesmas Sei Kijang Kabupaten
Pelalawan, Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 2013:7 (1), Page 39

8. 8
Counselor’s Role in Preventing Child Sexual Violence
The most important step to handle sexual violence is by preventing it so that the case will
never happen or repeat again to the victim or to the other children that have not been a
victim. The important matter in preventing sexual violence against child is to open his/her
freedom to speak. The counselor is supposed to be child’s sharing friend for any matter.
Eventually child will trust counselor of the problem he/she is facing, and convinces that
the counselor will do real action in helping his/her problem, not just the words. Therefore
child will always bring his/her problem to the counselor anytime without any afraid
feeling of being criticized or punished. The relationship between school counselor and
student that is well established opens the door to prevent sexual violence against child. If
only there is an early effort from sexual violence suspect on child that can be recognized
and anticipated immediately. Usually sexual behavior suspect do not necessarily want to
perform sexual violence against child. There is an early effort by building the trust from
the children, giving them presents, being nice to them, establishing good relationship
between their parents and etc, after that they persuade victims to perform sexual activity
that is wanted by the suspect.
The main goal is to prevent sexual violence against child. The essence of the matters are
as follow:
1. Teaching good, bad, or confusing touching to the child;
2. Teaching child to control anyone who touches their organs and the touched
parts;
3. Teaching child to be brave to report it to the responsible adults, for instance
parents or teacher about improper touchings experienced by him/her, even if the
child is forbidden by the suspect to report it;
4. Teaching child assertive skill against sexual violence behavior, for example
saying no to every form of behavior from others that leads to sexual, practicing
martial art, and etc.17
Psychosexual growth on child happens on age 18 months - 3 years, child begins to learn
about his/her organ either their function or their name so that he/she needs to be taught
which body parts included as the private parts. On age 4-5 years child begins to ask about
his/her genitalia and genitalia from his/her opposite sex so that the child will recognize
the difference between boy and girl. Child will also start to touch his/her genitalia and
interested in his/her opposite sex’s genitalia. In this age, child wants to know others’ body
parts so that sometimes he/she does something surprising, like touching women’s breasts
out of the blue, starring at adults when taking bath (The National Child Traumatic Stress
Network, 2009). In this age, teaching about how to keep his/her genitalia is needed in
order not to be touched by others other than his/her parents or doctors as a diagnosis
purpose. According to Freud (Santrock, 2002) the age of child, that ranges between 3-6
years old, can be called phallic phase. In this phase every single pleasure focuses on
his/her genitalia. The pleasure of masturbation and child’s fantasy life accompany this
auto-erotic activity that paves the way for the appearance of Oedipus Complex, where the
17
Kartika Nur Fathiyah, Peran Konselor Sekolah Untuk Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak, Jurnal
Paradigma, No. 09 Th. V, Januari 2010 � ISSN 1907-297X page 86-87

9. 9
son wants to have his mother and gets rid of his father, and the daughter wants to have her
father and gets rid of her father. Those feelings state themselves when child is
masturbating. On 3 - 4 years old, child starts to realize the difference of boy’s and girl’s
genitalia and asks the difference. The most frequent question is “when does the baby
come from.” The sexual behaviors usually emerges on child aged less than 4 years old are:
(1) Touching his/her private parts in public, (2) Rubbing his/her private part using hand or
any other thing, (3) Touching mother’s or other women’s breasts, (4) Taking off his/her
clothes in public, (5) Trying to see other people when naked, and (6) Asking question
about his/her body parts and their function. On age 4 - 6 years old, the sexual behaviors
that usually emerge are: (1) Discovering his/her body parts with his/her friend of the same
age, like playing “pretend to be a doctor,” (2) Imitating adult’s behavior, like kissing,
holding his/her friend of the opposite sex’s hand, (3) Calling his/her vital organs with
his/her own term.18
Personal safety skills are set of skills that need to be obtained by child in order to protect
his/her own safety and avoid any sexual violence act (Bagley and King, 2004). Personal
safety skills consist of 3 skill components, which are usually called 3R. Those are:
1. Recognize, the ability to recognize the characteristic of people that will potentially
perform sexual violence (predator). In this component, child will be taught to recognize
which private parts that may not be touched by people, and how to say no, when people
do unsafe touch, order him/her to take off his/her clothes or to show his/her private parts,
order the child to see the suspect’s private parts, and show him/her sexual content. Child
is given awareness of his/her private right for his/her body, and also how they decide who
may or may not touch his/her body parts, especially the sensitive parts. Thus, child will
expectedly see the difference of the suspect’s sexual violence act compared to other
people when communicating or doing physical contact on him/her.
2. Resist, the ability to keep him/herself from sexual violence treatment or act, for
instance shouting for help, informing others that the person who takes him/her is neither
his/her mother nor father, and etc. In this component, child will be taught to identify any
act that can be performed when dealing with the sexual violence suspect or when on any
situation what will possibly lead to sexual violence behavior. Child is taught to ignore
persuasion and inducement from the people that will potentially do any sexual violence
act, by saying “No!” or “Stop!” loudly and firmly to the people who try to do sexual
violence act, to resist them by punching, biting, and kicking, to run away from the suspect,
and to shout for help.
3. Report, the ability to report unpleasant sexual behavior that is received from the adult,
to be open to the parents so that they can monitor their child’s behavior. In this
component, child is taught to be open of any sexual violence act that is received, and to
be able to report the suspect to the other adult or other responsible and trusted
organization by the child to help him/her.19
Targeted Prevention Programs
18
Inhastuti Sugiasih, Need Assessment Mengenai Pemberian Pendidikan Seksual Yang Dilakukan Ibu
Untuk Anak Usia 3 – 5 Tahun ,Jurnal Psikologi Proyeksi Vol 6 No 1 April 2011, page 74
19
Esya Anesty Mashudi, Nur’aini, Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak Melalui Pengajaran
Personal Safety Skills, Metodik Didaktik Vol. 9, No. 2, Januari 2015, page 66-67

10. 10
The fact that prevention programs seem to be making a difference offers encouragement,
especially in the area of child sexual abuse prevention. Research on child maltreatment
programs has focused on three main areas: home visitation programs, parent education
programs, and school-based programs. Nurses participate in all three types of programs.
In general, child abuse prevention programs are targeted to a specific population that
includes children, families, caregivers, and professionals. The following are the most
common target groups.
Child-Focused: Child programs focus on teaching children about appropriate behaviors,
e.g., Good Touch/Bad Touch, and are generally taught in kindergarten through the 6th
grade. The curriculum focuses on personal safety issues, sexual aggression and
victimization, disclosure, self-esteem and self-image issues. Other programs deal with
definitions of sexual abuse, identifying offenders, avoiding abuse and escaping abuse
(Hebert, Lavoie, Piche, & Poitras, 2001).
Adult-Focused: There are many educational materials that focus on child abuse
prevention and healthy parenting. An evaluation of an early program of this type
indicated success by use of its measurement tool, the Child Abuse Potential Inventory
(CAP), as well as three subscales (distress, rigidity, and unhappiness), in significantly
decreasing child abuse potential. In addition, there were observed reductions in the use of
corporal punishment, inadequate supervision of children, and parents demonstrated their
responsiveness to the emotional needs of their children (National Committee for the
Prevention of Child Abuse, 1992).
Professional-Focused: Public health, nurse-directed home visiting programs have existed
since the late 19th
century. Nurses have traditionally visited individuals and families in
their own settings to provide health teaching as well as child abuse prevention. Nurses are
mandated reporters of child abuse and therefore, responsible to notify appropriate state
authorities when there is reason to suspect child abuse and/or neglect.
In summary, nurses and nurse examiners practice in many areas to prevent child
maltreatment. They provide resources for prevention programs and participate in
educational programs focused on children, parents, and professionals. They have a strong
knowledge base for examining and intervening in cases of child abuse and neglect and
adhere to a multidisciplinary approach to prevention strategies.
This educational program game is performed by the health workers (doctor, midwife,
nurse or the other health workers) through health promotion activity that has been
scheduled by Society Health Center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat [Puskesmas]) or the
figure on the area. The locations are Posyandu, Recitation Activity, Traveling Puskesmas,
Puskesmas Mini Workshop, Posyandu Cadre Training or cadre meeting and midwifery
training. Every public figures, health workers, and religious leaders must be involved in
this activity. They are simply taught about sexual education to prevent pedophilia.
The offered game is adapted by the child’s age. Sexual education starts from the age of 3
by introducing gender. There are only 2 genders, as Allah said on Al-Hujurat:13. If on the
age of 3 the child has not asked about gender yet, parents must provoke him/her to
explain about gender, like giving him/her game of card that depicts two genders, which
are men and women of different age. The child is asked to take the picture according to
his gender, either child’s picture or adult’s. After that the child is given the pictures that
contain all body parts of either men or women and specific organs that are given special

11. 11
marks, those are mouth, breasts, the area around crotch, and bottoms. The last the child is
asked not to say the unsafe touch, by showing the pictures of unsafe touch and the action
taken of the touch. Educational program is performed repeatedly at home.
Conclusion
The increase of pedophilia case can be prevented by early sexual education, sexual
education is adapted to the child’s age and starts from 3 years old. Education in a
conventional way is felt not really effectives, therefore innovation is needed by using this
educational program that is expectedly easy to learn and to memorize.
Recommendation
This educational model needs to be done holistically by the stakeholders in every area.
The procurement of educational program facility and the preparation of trained
companion need to involve private parties (Corporate Social Responsibility fund),
government, counselor, and society.
The Expression of Gratitude
To the honorable Suryakancana University President, Postgraduate Director, The Head of
Legal Studies, The Head of Law Faculty of Suryakancana University.

12. 12
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Website
Hartono Harimurti in “Suara Merdeka”, Kebiri atau Hukum Mati, tanggal 14/05/2014