1. Organic manures -
Importance, Definition,
classification, properties and
sources- Fortified organics
K. Maheshwaran,Asst. Prof. (SS&AC)
Sethu Bhaskara Agricultural College &
Research Foundation - Karaikudi
SAC 301 Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management (2+1)
2. The word manure derived from the French
"Manoeuvrer', means to manipulate, to work, to
produce crop
Manures are substances which are organic in
nature, capable of supplying plant nutrients in
available form
Bulky in nature, having the low analytical value and
having no definite composition
Derived from animal and plant residues
Organic manures
8. (A) Physical properties
Improve the soil structure, water holding
capacity, aggregates and porosity
Decreases the bulk density and soil compaction
Improves the aeration, water movement,
hydraulic conductivity of soil
Decreases the soil temperature
Prevents the surface and subsurface crusting of
soil
Effect of organic manures on soil productivity
9. (B) Chemical properties
Supplies all the essential nutrients
Improves the CEC of soil
Improves the buffering capacity of soil
Increases the colloidal properties of soil
Solubilize the fixed nutrients and make them
available to the crop
Organic manures
10. (C) Biological properties
Increases the activity and population of
microorganisms
Organic acids and organic anions are formed
Increases the fixation of N by enhancing
symbiotic and non-symbiotic N fixing organisms
Solubilize the insoluble P by activating the P
solubilizing microorganisms
Organic manures supply food for the soil micro
and macro-organisms
Organic manures
11. Fortified organics enriching the organic
manures with inorganic fertilizer nutrients and
biofertilizers are called fortification
Increase crop yields by giving plants the
nutrients they need while protecting the soil
It is also known as fortified composting
Eg. Sugarcane trash compost, coirpith compost,
enriched FYM etc.
What is fortified organic manure??
12. Enriched FYM is prepared at 1:10 ratio of MN
mixture / ZnSO4 and FYM, mixed at friable
moisture and keeping for one month in shade
Zn-Enriched FYM preparation
13. Fortified organic manures
• Trench or pit is filled with biodegradable
organic material—crop residues, farm wastes,
animal feed wastes and tree leaves are spread
on the floor of the trench (about 20-cm thick
layer).
• A layer of rock phosphate, followed by waste
mica is then spread over biodegradable organic
material.
• Cattle-dung is made into slurry by adding
water, and this is sprinkled over rock
phosphate and waste-mica layer.
14. Layering is repeated till whole compostable
materials are added
Moisture content is maintained throughout the
composting period at 60% of water-holding
capacity
Periodic turning (monthly interval) is done to
provide aeration
After the one month compost is ready for use
Fortified organic manures
15. Large quantities of crop residues/ stubbles may
be recycled back to field
Nutrients availability and use efficiency can be
increased
Huge amount of foreign exchange can be saved
by reducing fertilizer input
Reduce loss of nutrients from soil and
contamination of environment is reduced
Viable rural entrepreneurship
Advantages of the fortified organics
16. Fortified fertilizers are enhanced phosphate
and nitrogen fertilizer blends with added
micronutrients designed to feed degraded soil
effectively
Root uptake of potassium and phosphorus get
severely reduced under low B conditions
We produce SSP, fortified with Boron. It
enhances the uptake of other nutrients present
in the soil. ... It enhances the uptake of other
nutrients present in the soil
Fortified fertilizers
