2. Organ of the government
In a democracy all power does not rest with any one
organ of the government
An intelligent sharing of power among legislature,
executive and judiciary is very important to the design
of a democracy
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
MAHENDRA PAREEK 2
6. Ethnic (नृजातीय):
A social division based on shared culture. People
belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their
common descent because of similarities of physical
type or of culture or both. They need not always have
the same religion or nationality
MAHENDRA PAREEK 6
7. Belgium and Srilanka:- The
ethnic composition
Belgium
German Speaking – 1%
French Speaking (rich) –
40% in Walloon
Dutch Speaking (poor) -
59% in Flemish region
Capital city Brussels-
80% French 20% Dutch
Srilanka-
Sinhala Speakers -74%
Mostly Buddhists
Tamil Speakers – 18%
Hindu & Muslims (native
& Indian)
Both T & S – 7%
MAHENDRA PAREEK 7
8. Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Majoritarianism (बहुसंख्यकवाद) :
A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in
whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the
minority.
Sri Lanka – Sinhala language and Buddhism
MAHENDRA PAREEK 8
9. Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language,
thus disregarding.
Sinhala applicants were favoured university positions and govt. jobs
New constitution stipulated that state shall protect and foster Buddhism
Many demand of non Buddhists Tamil speaking people were turned down
resulted in civil war.
Civil war: A violent conflict between opposing groups within a country that
becomes so intense that it appears like a war.
MAHENDRA PAREEK 9
10. Accommodation in Belgium
Between 1970-93 - 4 constitutional amendments work out this
arrangement to make everyone live together.
In Central govt. - . Equal No. of Dutch and French speaking ministers
• Special laws require support of both
communities
State governments Not subordinate to central govt. SG are not weaker
than CG.
Brussels -A separate govt. in which both the communities have equal
representation.
The community govt. - Elected by people belonging to one language
community Deals with issues related to culture, language and education
MAHENDRA PAREEK 10
11. This arrangement helped to avoid civic strife between the two major
communities and a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.
MAHENDRA PAREEK 11
12. Why power sharing is desirable?
Prudential Reason युक्ततपरक (Based on calculation of gains and losses)
Helps to reduce the conflict between different social groups
• Ensures stability of political order.
Moral Reasons नैततक (based on moral Considerations)
It is the very spirit of democracy.
• People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed
MAHENDRA PAREEK 12
13. Forms of power-sharing
(1) Horizontal distribution of power –
Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the
legislature, executive and judiciary.
Ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to
the Parliament or State Assemblies.
Judges are appointed by the executive(PDT)
This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
MAHENDRA PAREEK 13
15. Forms of power-sharing
(2) Vertical distribution of power –
Power can be shared among governments at different levels.
Government for the entire country (Central or Union Government.)
Provincial or regional level (STATE GOVT.)
Local level (MUNICIPAL / PANCHAYAT)
MAHENDRA PAREEK 15
16. (3) Power shared among different social groups –
- Community government in Belgium.
- Representation of socially weaker sections and women.
- Reserved constituencies (SC -84 & ST- 47 in LS).
- Give minority communities a fair share in power.
MAHENDRA PAREEK 16
17. (3) Power shared among.-
- Political parties- power keeps on shifting from one political party to
another party.
- Coalition govt.
Pressure groups – formed by Traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers
and industrial workers to fulfill their demands
MAHENDRA PAREEK 17
18. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS -❖ How is the ethnic composition of Belgium very complex?
❖ How can power be shared among government at different levels? Explain. ?
❖ Explain the vertical division of power giving examples from India.?
❖ What is horizontal distribution of power? Mention its any two advantages.
❖ “Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy”. Justify the statement with three suitable
points. ?
❖ Why power sharing is necessary in a democracy? Explain.
❖ Give reasons why power sharing is desirable. ?
❖ Why is power sharing desirable? Give moral reasons in this regard. ?
❖ “Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united”. Do you agree with this
statement and why?MAHENDRA PAREEK 18
19. VOTE OF THANKS
1 NCERT BOOKS
2 INTERNERT AND GOOGLE
3 ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA
4 MY VIEWERS
MAHENDRA PAREEK 19