BSHM 1 readings in phil hist.docx

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Prepared by: Mae ann P. Marcelino
Email: marcelinomaeann@gmail.com / Phone No.: 0935-624-9656/0933-521-6802
BSHM 1
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES
Module in Readings in Philippine History
First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
I.Course Code: GE 2
II.Course Title: Readings in Philippine History
III.Course Description: This course analyzes Philippine History from the multiple
perspectives through the lens of primary sources coming from various disciplines and different
genres. Students are given opportunities to analyze the author’s background and main
arguments, compare different points of view, identify biases and examine the evidences
presented in the document. The discussions will tackle traditional topics in history and other
interdisciplinary that will deepen and broaden their understanding of the Philippine political,
economic, cultural, social, scientific and religious history. Priority is given to primary materials
that could help students develop their analytical and communication skills. The end goal is to
develop the historical and critical consciousness of the students so they will become versatile,
articulate, broad-minded, morally upright and responsible citizens.
Preliminaries: Orientation
Vision: KCP as a center of academic excellence and Christian development
Mission: To fully develop KCP students through high quality education and optimum
spiritual empowerment.
Objectives: The King’s College of the Philippines-Bambang, Inc. aims to:
1. Produce civic-minded professionals with world class competence;
2. Generate graduates who are responsible citizens imbued with Christian
values;
3. Prepare greater employment opportunities through continuing education and
training;
4. Preserve Filipino values, culture and environment; and
5. Develop students who are research-oriented.
Core Values: Knowledge, Compassion, Professionalism
CIS Vision, Mission, and Objectives
Vision: A program dedicated to excellence and leadership in Information Technology
and Computer Science Education, research, and practice
Mission: Provide students with quality engineering education in Information
Technology and Computer Science. To undertake research at the frontiers of computing
technologies and to serve the community and the procession.
Objectives: Our commitment demonstrated by the following statement:
1. Providing quality education that offers opportunities for long life learning at multiple
academic and professional levels;
2. Expanding our body of knowledge by promoting scholarship, discovery and
interdisciplinary collaborative research;
3. Promoting and supporting faculty involvement in all aspects of ITCS research and
development;
4. Encouraging faculty and students to take leadership role in the application of
information technology to solve real world problems by selection, creation,
integration, and administrative of computing technologies.

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COURSE REQUIREMENTS
A. Term Examinations
B. Quizzes, Seat works
C. Recitation
D. Projects, Term Paper, Case Study
E. Individual/Group Report
F. Attendance
General Instructions
A. Activities Instructions:
1. Always read and follow instructions in every activity. Remember that
instructions are very important;
2. Do not use unnecessary papers if not needed in the activity;
3. Submit your activities in an organized manner; if there is missing, make a
note at the end of the last page of the activity stating the missing activity;
4. Always make sure that the answers in your activity are readable;
5. Write your name on every page of your activity. Remember that your name
is very important; and
6. Submit your activity only not the whole module.
B. Social Media Instructions:
1. Be polite in asking questions in any group chats;
2. Only ask questions that are related to the subject, if not, you can send a
private message however, make sure to identify yourself.
3. Exams will be implemented online so make sure to join the group chats. You
can send messages in the mobile number stated under the instructor’s name
if you are not yet added to the group chat.
4. Check our group chat on messenger GE 2 for updates.
5. You can also add or send me messages in my messenger account Mae ann
Pallay Marcelino (Meh ann)

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UNIT 1: MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Definitions of History
 History- derived from the old Greek noun ἱστορία (“historia”) meaning “inquiry”
(knowledge acquired from investigation).
 History a chronological record of significant events, the study of past events
Below are other definitions provided by various historians:
1. “History is the record of what one age finds worth of note in another.”-Burckhardt
2. “History, in its broadest sense, is everything that ever happened.”- Henry Johnson
3. “The value and interest of history depend largely on the degree in which the present is
illuminated by the past.”- V.S. Smith
4. “History is the story of man’s struggle through the ages against Nature and the
elements; against wild beasts and the jungle and some of his own kind who have tried
to keep him down and to exploit him their own benefit.”- Jawaharal Nehru
Kasaysayan in the Language and Perspective of Filipino
Kasaysayan
 Saysay (narrative or salaysay)
 Saysay(relevance or importance)
According to Ambeth Ocampo, History is a story with sense or relevance.
Zeus Salazar definition: “Salaysay na may saysay para sa sinasalaysayang grupo ng tao.”
Nature of History
To better understand history, it is essential to determine its very nature.
1. History is a study of the present in the light of the past. The present owes his existence
in the past meaning to understand how society has come to its present form, there is a need to
know its past.
2. History is the study of man. History deals with the struggles of man. Meaning past events
are riddled with man’s engagement in wars, his struggles to win his independence.
3. History is concerned with man in time. Deals with the series of events and each event
happens at a given point in time and deals in the human development through ages.
SECTION OBJECTIVES
Attheendofthissection,thestudentsareableto:
a. determinedtherelevanceofhistorytomankind;
b. discussthenatureofhistory;
c. identifytheprimarysourceandsecondarysourcesinunderstanding
Philippinehistory;and
d. differentiateinternalandexternalcriticism.
SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING HISTORY
“The more you know about the past, the better
prepared you are for the future”- Theodore Roosevelt

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4. History is concerned with man is space. Centers on the interaction of man on his
environment and vice-versa.
5. History provides an objective record of happenings. Historians are careful on the data
they include in their books. They base their data on original sources and make them free from
subjective interpretation.
6. History is multisided. History is not limited to one certain aspect of man’s life; it covers all
other aspects as they are all closely related. For example, a change in Politics could have an
effect in other aspects of the society.
7. History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging
future ends. Past events are interpreted and become predictor of new objects
8. History is not only narration but it is also an analysis. It dissects and explains the
occurrence of the event and how it ultimately changes the society over time.
9. Continuity and coherence are the necessary requisites of history. Monitors the
development of the society from one generation to generation justifying the essence of
continuity.
10. History is relevant. Only significant events which have influenced the society are covered
and essential to the understanding of the present life.
11. History is comprehensive. Deals with the aspect of human life- political, social, economic,
religious literary, aesthetic, and physical, giving a clear picture of global linkage
Why do we study History?
Dizon et.al (2011) citing Perry (1999) enumerated the reasons why we need to study history,
these are:
1. To learn about our past. Studying history enables us to learn about the lives of our
ancestors, their struggles and achievements. What we have and what we enjoy today are
the products of their innovation, hard works, and sacrifices.
2. To understand the present. The traditions, system of government, cultural heritage and
many other things are products if the past. Most of the things have historical original and
not just products if fads and crazes.
3. To appreciate our heritage in a broad perspective. Our belief system, patriarchal
tradition, common values including our material culture can be understood and
appreciated well if we have full understanding of our past.
4. To acquire a background for critical thinking. The issues, situations, and challenges
that our country is presently facing can mostly be attributed in the past, for these are
encountered before, history provides us details to understand, predict and provide
solutions to these.
Other relevance of History
1. History helps us understand people and societies.
 experiences in the past play in shaping the society
 understanding the culture of particular race is difficult without looking back to its history
2. History contributes to moral understanding.
 study in the past provide lesson in courage, diligence or constructive protest
3. History provides identity.
 provides facts about genealogy and a basis for understanding how the family has
interacted with larger historical change

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4. Studying history is essential for good citizenship
 provides data about the emergence of national institutions, problems and values
5. History is useful in the world of work.
 knowledge in history is unquestionably an asset for a variety of work and professional
situations
Relationship of History with other Social Sciences
1. History and Political Science
o One cannot understand the principles and system of government of as certain
country without knowing its history. The structure of government, rights and
duties of citizens, laws and regulations, and its relations to other states are all
products of evolution by just turning the pages of the countries past.
2. History and Economics
o The evolution of economic activities of humankind from hunting and gathering
societies to post-industrial society can be best understood by looking at the
past. The roots of economic and diplomatic relations between nations can be
traced by looking at their distant past.
3. History and Sociology
o Early societies and communities, evolution of culture, social change and other
development in social behavior are chronologically explained by history.
4. History and Ethics
o History provides record if mistakes committed by people and nations. Mistakes
in the past have moral and ethical implication which serves as guide to arrive at
just, reasonable, and acceptable actions in the future.
5. History and Psychology
o Psychology provides understanding of motives and actions of human and
societies. History gives us idea about the behavior of controversial leaders in
the past and their actions. Through analogy, it is possible to predict behavior
and actions of present leaders. History, therefore, provides public
consciousness that enables the people to be vigilant to the possible wrongdoing
of their leaders.
6. History and Geography
o According to NationalGeographic.com “when learning historical topics, it can be
very helpful to simultaneously study a region’s geography”. This works the same
with geography as well. Certain areas of the Philippines provide clear
explanation why significant events in the past such as why Americans put up
military facilities in Corregidor during World War II or why Americans developed
Baguio City during their early settlement and that is due to its cold weather
where Americans are used to it.
In general, history provides us significant records of events of the past, a meaningful
story of mankind depicting the details of what happened to man and why it happened.
Historical Resources
Historical resources are materials used for the writing of history or interpreting history.
They are classified into two:
A. Primary Sources
B. Secondary Sources
Other types of Classification are:
A. written and non-written,
B. published or unpublished
C. textual, oral or visual sources

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What are Primary Source?
- Testimony of eyewitness.
- A primary source must have been produced by a contemporary of the event it narrates.
- Primary sources are the raw material of history. They may be the leftovers or relics of
the past (for example a building or a sword) or may be records of what happened, made
by people at the time (for example the diary of Anne Frank or Samuel Pepys). Primary
sources may have been preserved deliberately or by chance.
- Historians use primary sources to find the evidence to answer their questions about the
past.
Different Kinds of Primary Sources
Literary of Cultural Sources
1. Novels, plays, poems (both published and in manuscript form)
2. Televisions shows, movies, or videos
3. Paintings or photographs
Accounts that describe events, people, or ideas
1. Newspapers
2. Chronicles or historical accounts
3. Essays and speeches
4. Memoirs, diaries, journals, and letters
5. Philosophical treaties or manifestos
Information about people
1. Census records
2. Obituaries
3. Newspaper articles
4. Biographies
Finding information about a place
1. Maps and atlases
2. Census information
3. Statistics
4. Photographs
5. City directories
6. Local libraries or historical societies
Finding information about an organization
1. Archives (sometimes held by libraries, institutions, or historical societies)
Three Types of Written Sources
1. Narrative Sources or literary sources tell a story or message. These include diaries,
films, biographies, leading philosophical works and scientific works.
2. Diplomatic sources include charters and other legal documents which observe a set of
format.
3. Social documents are records created by organizations, such as a register of birth and
tax records
What are Secondary Source?
- A secondary source interprets and analyze primary sources. These resources are one
or more steps removed from event.
- Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes, or graphics or primary sources in them.
- generally, describe, interpret, comment upon, analyze, evaluate, summarize and
process primary sources
- these can be articles in the newspapers or popular magazines, books or movie reviews,
or articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate someone else’s original
research

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- Books including dictionaries, alamanacs, etc
- Monographs, manuscript, etc
Example of Secondary Sources:
a. History textbook
b. Printed materials (serials, periodicals which interprets previous research)
Non-Written Sources
- Oral history
- Artifacts
- Ruins
- Fossils
- Art works
- Video and Audio recording
What is Historical Criticism?
In order for a source to be used as evidence in history, basic matters about its form and
content must be settled.
There are two types of historical criticism:
a. External Criticism
- The practice of identifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics:
consistency with the historical characteristic of the time it was produced and the materials used
for evidence.
- It refers to the genuineness of the documents a researcher used in a historical study
- It is sometimes called as “lower criticism” because it looks on the outside appearance of the
evidence.
b. Internal Criticism
- It looks at the content of the source and examine the circumstances of its production.
- Looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source.
It’s context, the agenda behind its creation, the knowledge which informed it, and its intended
purpose.
- Internal criticism looks at the content of the document to determine its authenticity. It also
involves determining the intention of the source of data.
- It is sometimes called the “higher criticism” because it looks on the inside or within the
evidence.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES?
Primary sources are firsthand, contemporary accounts of events created by individuals
during that period of time or several years later (such as correspondence, diaries, memoirs
and personal histories). These original records canbe found in several media suchas print,
artwork, and audio and visual recording. Examples of primary sources include manuscripts,
newspapers, speeches, cartoons, photographs, video, and artifacts. Primary sources can
be describedas those sources that are closestto the origin of the information. They contain
raw information and thus, must be interpreted by researchers.
Secondary sources are closely related to primary sources and often interpret them.
These sources are documents that relate to information that originated elsewhere.
Secondary sources often use generalizations, analysis, interpretation, and synthesis of
primary sources. Examples of secondary sources include textbooks, articles, and
reference books.

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-
Historical Method Basics
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-
-
-
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The following questions are used by historians in modern work:
When was the source, written or
unwritten, produced?
Date
Where was it produce? Localization
By whom was it produced? Authorship
From what pre-existing material was it
produced?
Analysis
In what original form was it produced? Integrity
What is the evidential value of its
content?
Credibility
The historical method comprises of the techniques and guidelines by which
historians use primary sources and other evidence to search and then write history.
Historians have to verify
sources,to date them,locate
their place of origin and
identify their intended
functions
HISTORICAL METHOD
“Each generation of historians develops its own perspectives, and that our
understanding of the past is constantly reshaped by the historian and the
world he or she inhabits”- Howell & Prevenier

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Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General
By Santiago Alvarez
Translated by Carolina Malay
About the Author
Santiago V. Alvarez (July 25, 1872-October 30, 1930), the only child
of a revolutionary general Mariano Alvarez and Nicolasa Virata, was born in
Imus but was raised in Noveleta, Cavite. He was known as Kidlat ng Apoy
(Lightning of Fire) because of his inflamed bravery and participation in the
Battle of Dalahican.
Santiago was among the fist in Cavite to take up arms against Spain.
All though the Revolution, he fought side by side with his father. In the 36-
hour battle in Dalahican, one of the bloodiest encounters during the
Revolution, he scored a decisive victory and repulsed the Spanish troops.
When the American civil government was established in the Philippines in 1901, Santiago
assisted in the organization Nacionalista Party, where he later became president of its directorate.
During the 1920s, his memoirs were published in Sampaguita, a Tagalog weekly, in 36
installments (from July 24, 1927 to April 15, 1928). These were reproduced in book form and translated
in English by Paula Carolina S. Malay.
Malay graduated from the University of the Philippines. She taught economics at various
universities during the 1950s and 1960s. She turned to translation and writing during the martial law
period.
The events I have related in this account of the Katipunan and the Revolution reverberate with
shouts of “long live our patriots” and “Death to the enemy!” These were in answers to the enemy’s
assault with mausers and cannons, the latter fired from both land and sea.
The Magdiwang government honored me with an appointment as Captain General, or head of
its army. Gen Artemio Ricarte was lieutenant general.
I will now attempt to write down what I saw and what I know about the Katipunan and the
Revolution. First, I shall narrate the events relating to the Revolution beginning from 14 March 1896;
then I shall deal with the organization and activities of the Most Venerable Supreme Society of the Sons
of the People (Kamahalmahalan at Kataastaasang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan). The Katipunan
account is based on records which were entrusted to me by the original founder of the Katipunan. In
the interest of the honorable truth, I shall now attempt to write a history of the Katipunan and the
revolution which I hope will be acceptable to all. However, I realize that it is inevitable that, in the
narration of actual happenings, I shall risk of hurting the feelings of contemporaries and comrades-in-
SECTION 2: ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY SOURCE
SECTION OBJECTIVES
a.explainedthemainideaofthesource;
b.discussedtheimportanceofthetextinstudyingPhilippineHistory;and
c.analyzedthecontextandcontentofaprimarysource;

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arms. I would like to make it clear that I shall try to be as possible and that is from my intention of
depreciate anyone’s patriotism and greatness.
I shall be honored if these memoirs become a worthy addiction to what Gen. Artemio Ricarte as
already published in this weekly.
On 14 March 1896, a Saturday, I accompanied Emilio F. Aguinaldo and Raymundo Mata to
Manila for their initiation into the Katipunan secret society. Messrs. Aguinaldo and Mata were prominent
townsmen of Kawit, Cavite, my home province. Reaching Manila at about five in the afternoon, we
waited for the appointed time at the quarters of Jacinto Lumberas, a Katipunan member. He was the
caretaker of the central telephone exchange on San Jacinto Street in Binondo.
At about seven o’clock in the evening, a Katipunan director arrived to take us to the Katipunan
headquarters. Before leaving Lumberas’ place, my two companions were blindfolded. Then we go into
calesa (horse cart) and reached the home of Andres Bonifacio, the Katipunan Supremo, after about ab
hour’s ride. It was a moonlight night and since the street was well-lit, we could see the house clearly. It
was a moderate size, the floor not too much raised from the ground; it had wooden walls and a roof
thatched with nipa (palm leaves). The house was located on Cervantes Street (now Rizal Avenue) in
the san Ygnacio area of Bambang. It was surrounded by many guards, some of them police who were
Katipunan members. Directing operations was Gregoria de Jesus, the wife of the Supremo Bonifacio.
We were led into a room in the inner part of the house. On a table covered with the black cloth
were the skull and crossbones from a human skeleton. Lying beside the skull and crossbones were the
following paraphernalia; a new long-blanded weapon, an old revolver, a small knife with a sharp edge,
a new pen, a copy of the Katipunan “primer” and a sheet of paper on which were written blood-colored
characters. On both sides of the table were Katipuneros blindfolded with black cloth. On the wall behind
the skull was a rectangular banner of black cloth on which was the same motif of human skull and
crossbones. Above the manner were three K’s arranged as in a tripod; all where in white paint.
Meanwhile, a woman lookout was heard to say, “cool” which was the code word for “all clear”. Shortly
afterward, the guides led the blindfolded into the house. The woman lookout told the guard, “They’re
all here. Nobody else is coming. Alert your comrades about tighter security”.
Or execution, they pledge to destroy oppression by signing their names in their own blood. When
the ritual was over, the happy crowd of Katipunan members warmly embraced the neophytes amid
shouts “Brother! Brother!”
Still blindfolded, the neophytes were then escorted down the house and cordially sent off with a
repetition of fraternal embraces. I then took over escorting Aguinaldo and Mata. When we had walked
some distance some distance from the Supremo’s house, I took off their blindfolds. We proceeded to
comrade Jacinto’s Lumberas’ quarters at the telephone exchange, where we retired for the night.
Incidentally, Lumberas’ wife delivered a baby that night, and we were witness to that event.
Emilio Aguinaldo asked me to accompany him to see the Supremo Bonifacio again to learn more
about the Katipunan. We made the trip to Manila on a Monday, 6 April 1896.
In those days, we Cavite folks traveled to and from Manila aboard Spanish vessels called
“Ynchausti boats.” They bore names like “Isabel”, “Dominga”, and others. These vessels were
purchased by Mr. Luis Yango; their operations are now managed by his son, Teodor.
We left the pier at Cavite at seven in the morning, and an hour later we were in Manila. Aguinaldo
went to the port office to attend to some business while I waited outside. When he comes out after
about ten minutes, he was agitated. His face was flushed and his steps were longer than usual. I asked
him what was the matter. He was upset over the superciliousness one Ramon Padilla; with whom he
had exchange some sharp words. He said that Padilla, who was a functionary in the port office, tried to
impress people with superior airs but only succeeded in showing how rude and uncouth he really was.
We talked while walking, and soon we reached Lavezares Street in Binondo where Dr. Pio
Valenzuela was living in a rented house. Dr. Valenzuela was then the provisional chairman of the
Katipunan. In the house we met Supremo, Andres Bonifacio, his wife Gregoria de Jesus; Jose Dizon;
and Dr. Valenzuela himself. We were welcomed cordially with fraternal embraces. They said that they

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already knew Mr. Aguinaldo, but they did not recognize him since he had been blindfolded during their
first encounter.
After we were all seated, we happily exchange news and talked about the progress of the
Katipunan., once in a while, brother Aguinaldo hesitated, which promoted the observant Bonifacio to
ask solicitously if anything was bothering him. I volunteered the information that he had some
unpleasant experience with an official at the port office and that was what probably was on his mind. I
had scarcely finished what I was saying when the Supremo’s face flushed and his voice shook as he
said, “it is necessity to defend the honor of our brother here.”
Immediately, he sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela and Jose Dizon to the house of Ramon Padilla for
redress to the dishonor he had showed to brother Aguinaldo. In default of an apology, the two
emissaries were to be seconds in a duel. The Katipunan continued to spread. It was Good Friday in
the month of April 1896, at nine o’clock in the morning, the Supremo Andres Bonifacio, accompanied
by Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto and Pantaleon Torres, arrived in the town of Noveleta, Cavite
province to establish a provincial council of the Katipunan.
The council came to be known as Magdiwang. The following were its officers: Mariano Alvarez,
president; Pascual Alvarez, secretary; Dionisio Alvarez, treasurer; Valentin Salud, prosecutor; Benito
Alix, sergeant-at-arm; Nicolas Ricafrente, Adriano Guinto, Emeterio Malia, and Valeriano Aquino,
director.
While both councils approved their respective regulation uniforms, with a common set of rank
insignias, very few were able to comply because of unsettling events coming one after another.
On Saturday, 28 September 1896, Captain General Apoy and General Vibora prepared to go to
the field to inspect the fortifications to the west along the Cavite-Batangas border, which were under
the command of Brig. Gen. Eleuterio Marasigan and Col. Luciano San Miguel. But before the two
general could leave, the commander of the troops defending Dalahikan, Major Aklan, came to the war
ministry to report that they had sighted the enemy fortifying the narrowest neck of Dalahikan. The
enemy activity, which had started in the night, included the massing of Spanish troops.
References
Dr. Mariano M. Ariola, R. P. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Unlimited Books LibraryServices & Publishing InC.
DRodolfo M. Martinez, D. B. (2018). The Readings in Philippine History. Manila:Mindshapers Co.,INC.
Philippine historyprinted module,p.1-7
INTERNET SOURCE
www.CommonCoreSheets.com
https://www.commoncoresheets.com/downloadWorksheet.php?path=Social%20Studies/Primary%20and%20Secondary%20Sources/Id
entifying%20Sources/English&pageNumber=1
https://libguides.furman.edu/special-collections/for-students/primary-secondary-
sources#:~:text=Primary%20sources%20can%20be%20described,the%20origin%20of%20the%20information.&text=Secondary%20so
urces%20often%20use%20generalizations,%2C%20articles%2C%20and%20reference%20books.
KATIPUNAN BRIEF BACKGROUND
On July 7, 1892, upon learning that Dr. Jose P. Rizal was to be deported and that his
works were to be banned in the country, a secret council was convened in No. 72 Azcarraga
Street. In attendance were Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro
Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Jose Dizon, and a few others, all members of La Liga Filipina, a
progressive organization founded by Rizal. The men assembled came to the agreement that
a revolutionary secret society must be founded, and thus the Kataastaasang Kagalang-
Kagalang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was born.
The objectives of the Katipunan, as the brotherhood was popularly known, were threefold:
political, moral, and civic. They advocated for freedom from the yoke of Spain, to be achieved
through armed struggle. They also saw it as their personal responsibility to help the poor and
the oppressed, and to teach them good manners, hygiene, and morality.
New recruits to the secret society underwent a rigorous initiation process, similar to Masonic
practices. A neophyte, dressed in black and accompanied by his sponsor, was brought to a
small room decorated with patriotic posters (1), in front of a cabinet draped in black. He was
then seated at a dimly-lit table, on which rested a bolo (2), a revolver (3), and a set of questions
which he must answer to the satisfaction of the members assembled: What was the condition
of the Philippines in the early times? What is the condition today? What will be the condition
in the future?( visit the link for better understanding and for more information:
http://malacanang.gov.ph/4304-the-founding-of-the-katipunan/)

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http://naquem.blogspot.com/2015/03/siningsaysay-time-travel-into.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_%C3%81lvarez_(general)
PRELIM ACTIVITIES
NAME:______________________________ SCORE:__________
COURSE AND BLOCK: BSIT 1 DATE:__________
******************************************************************************************************************************
ACTIVITY 1A:
Directions: Determine whether the following are primary or secondary sources. Circle the letter indicating
whether the item is a "P" primary source or "S" secondary source. Justify your answer
1. The story your grandfather tells you about his experience during the Korean War.
______________________
Why:
2. A letter written by George Washington to his mother about the latest developments in the Revolutionary
War. _______________________
Why:
3. The Diary of Anne Frank - the published diary of a teenage girl who experiences the Holocaust first hand .
_________________________
Why:
4. Your World History textbook or an encyclopedia. _____________________
Why:
5. Your high school diploma. __________________________
Why:
6. A photograph of you and your friends at your 8th
birthday party. _________________________
Why:
7. The information from the museum tour guide who shows you around the exhibit and shares facts with you.
__________________________
Why:
8. A mummy from ancient Egypt. _________________________
Why:
9. The bibliography of President Rodrigo Duterte._____________________
Why:_________________________________________________________________________________
10. A TV show explaining what happened in Vietnam. _________________________
Why:_________________________________________________________________________________

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PRELIM ACTIVITIES
NAME:______________________________ SCORE:__________
******************************************************************************************************************************
ACTIVITY 1B
Directions: Answer the following questions briefly and correctly.
1. In your own definition, what is history?
2. How important is history to mankind?
3. Why do we have to study history?

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PRELIM ACTIVITIES
NAME:______________________________ SCORE:__________
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ACT. 1C
Context analysis. Testing the authenticity of a primary source.
Instructions. Read the article carefully by taking down notes the important details to answer the
following questions below. (Note: write legibly and make sure your output is readable).
1. Who is the author of the article? ( 2 points)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. When was the article written? (2 points)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Where was the article published? (2 points)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the article all about and what does it describe? (10 points)
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5. Provide a brief description of the source. (Note: brief description means you do not have to
copy the whole article, just the important details to summarize the article) (15 points)
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15
BSIT 1
Preliminary examination
NAME:______________________________ SCORE:__________
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A. Multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each
number. Use capital letters only. (2 points each)
____1. An essential component of Social Sciences that deals with "real experiences" of the human
phenomenon presented in chronological idea of discussion;
a. Factual Theory b. Speculative Theory c. History
____2. An individual who dwells with the fragments of the past thus carefully examine, organized and
rebuild "real experiences";
a. Pathologist b. Histologist c. Historian d. Archivist
____3. The accounts of phenomenon that relates with human experiences according to time and
space;
a. Factual Theory b. Speculative Theory c. History d. Historiography
____4. The event or subject that has worthy or relevance to human affairs in according to human era;
____5. The term used in Hellenistic approach of "learning by inquiry" suggesting to real and existing
accounts of human encounters;
____6. A researcher in social sciences that laboriously retrieved artifacts;
a. Historian b. Histologist c. Pathologist d. Archivist
____7.This is used to legitimize regimes.
a. History b. external criticism c. internal criticism
____8.The practice of verifying the authenticity of the evidence.
____9.The examination of the truthfulness of the evidence.
____10.Sources that are produced at the same time as the event.
a. Primary sources b. Secondary sources c. External criticism d. internal
criticism
____11.The Greek work term for history
a. Hestiria b. Historia c. Hestor d. Histricia
____12.The main actor in the development of history.
a. Document b. People c. Artifacts d. Fossil
____13. Term given to the individuals who survived the challenge of time
a. Eye Soar b.Suspect c. Eyewitness d. Netizen
____14. It is regarded as source of the “best evidence” because the date comes from the testimony
of able eye and eye witnesses to past events.
a. External Criticism c. Primary Sources
b. Internal Criticism d. Secondary Sources
____15. Information supplied by a person who was not a direct observer or participant of the event,
object, or condition.
____16. The only solid bases of historical work or they are the original documents or remains, the first
witnesses to a fact.

16
BSIT 1
_____17. It refers to the genuineness of the documents a researcher used in a historical study.
_____18. It is a textual criticism that involves factor such as competence, good faith, position, and
bias of the author.
_____19. It looks at the content of the document to determine its authenticity.
_____20. A criticism that involves in determining the intention of the source of data?
B. Identifying Primary and Secondary
Instructions. Determine if the source would be a Primary Source (P) or a secondary Source(S). (2
points each)
_______1. A play showing how Benjamin Franklin flew a kite during a lightning storm.
_______2. A short story describing Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla's 'electrical' battle.
_______3. Anne Frank's diary describing her life during World War 2.
_______4. A cartoon showing how Pocahontas met John Smith.
_______5. A text book describing the civil rights movement.
_______6. A news report about the opening of a power plant.
_______7. A scientist explaining what it was like for Buzz Aldrin to walk on the moon.
_______8. A YouTube video describing how the pyramids were built.
_______9. An interview with Alexander Graham Bell about how he invented the telephone.
_______10. A radio broadcast from the day the Soviet Union launched Sputnik.
_______11. An autobiography about the 40th president, Ronald Reagan.
_______12. A book describing Christopher Columbus sailing to America.
_______13. A famous artist's painting of what cowboy life was probably like.
_______14. A journal by a cowboy about the cattle drives from Texas to Kansas.
_______15. The United States Constitution.
_______16. Journal articles reporting original (NEW) research, empirical data and statistics
_______17.Government documents
_______18.Letters and correspondence
_______19. Journal or magazine articles that interpret or discuss previous research findings.
_______20. Books that discuss or analyze a topic
_______21.Indexes and abstracts
_______22.Creative works such as poetry, music, drama, fiction and art
_______23.Biographies
_______24.Textbooks
_______25. Encyclopedias
C. Identify the primary source where you can get the following information.(2 points each)
________________1. The Declaration of Martial Law in 1972
________________2. The assassination of Sen. Benigno Aquino
________________3. Narrative accounts of comfort women during World War II
________________4. Emergence of Social Media
________________5. Break down of Berlin Wall
________________6. First day of EDSA Revolution

17
BSIT 1
________________7. Burial of Fernando Poe Jr.
________________8. Discovery of Computer
________________9. Landing of Man in the Moon
________________10. Senatorial election Results of 2013.
MIDTERM
Chapter 2
Module Contents:
1. First Voyage Around the World (Chronicle) by Antonio Pigafetta
2. Kartilla ng Katipunan (Declaration of Principles) by Emilio Jacinto
3. Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan (Memoirs) by Emilio Aguinaldo
4. The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny by Chris Antonette Piedad-Pugay
5. Declaration of Philippine Independence (Proclamation)
About the author:
Antonio
Lombardo
Pigafetta (c. 1491-
c.1531) was a
Venetian scholar
and explorer. He
traveled with
Portuguese
explorer
Ferdinand
Magellan and his crew under the order of King
Charles I of Spain on their voyage around the
world. He served as Magellan’s assistant and
kept accurate journal, which became the source
of information on Magellan’s voyage. He was
one of the 18 men who returned to Spain in
1522, out of the approximately 240 men who set
out three years earlier. Pigafetta’s voyage
completed the first circumnavigation of the
world. His journal, however, centers on the
events in the Mariana Islands and the
Philippines.
Saturday, the 16th of March, 1521, we
arrived at daybreak in sight of a high island,
three hundred leagues distant from the before-
mentioned Thieves’ island. This isle is named
Zamal. The next day the captain-general wished
to land at another uninhabited island near the
first, to be in greater security and to take, also to
repose there a few days. He set up there two
tents on shore for the sick, and had a sow killed
for them.
First Voyage Around the World
(Chronicle)
by Antonio Pigafetta
SECTION OBJECTIVES
 define the context and content of the primary source;
 explain the importance of the articles in the history
of the Philippines; and
 critique primary sources by providing insights.

18
BSIT 1
Monday, the 18th of March, after we saw
a boat come
towards us with
nine men in it:
upon which the
captain-general
ordered that no
one should
move or speak
without his
permission.
When these
people had come into this island towards us,
immediately the principal one among them went
towards the captain-general with demonstration
of being joyous at our arrival. Five of the most
showy of them remained with us, the others who
remained with the boat went to call some men
who were fishing, and afterwards all of them
came together. The captain seeing that these
people were reasonable, ordered food and drink
to be given them, and he gave them some red
caps, looking glasses, combs, bells, and ivory,
and other things. When these people saw the
politeness of the captain, they presented some
fish, and a vessel of palm wine, which they call
in their language Uraca, figs more than a long,
and others smaller and of a better savour, and
two cochos. At that time they had nothings to
give him, and they made signs to us with their
hands that in four days they would bring us
Umai, which is rice, cocos, and many other
victuals.
To explain the kind of fruits above-named
it must be known that the one which they call
cochi, is the fruit which the palm trees bear. And
as we have bread, wine, oil and vinegar,
proceedings from different kinds, so these
people have those things proceeding from these
palm trees only. It must be said that wine
proceeds from the said palm in the following
manner. They make a hole at the summit of the
tree as far as its heart, which is named Palmito,
from which a liquor comes out in drops down the
tree, like white must, which they draw off this
liquor, and they fasten them to the tree from the
evening till next morning, and from the morning
to the evening, because this liquor comes little
by little. This produces a fruit named cocho,
which is as large as the head, or thereabouts: its
first husk is green, and two fingers in thickness,
in it they find certain threads, with which they
make the cords for fastening their boats. Under
this husk there is another very hard, and thicker
than that of a walnut. They burn this second rind,
and make with it a powder which is useful to
them. Under this rind there is a white marrow of
a finger’s thickness, which they eat fresh with
meat and fish, as we do bread, and it has the
taste of an almond, and if anyone dried it he
might make a bread of it. From the middle of this
marrow there comes a clear sweet water, and
very cordial, which, when it has tested a little,
and settled, congeals and becomes like an
apple. When they wish to make oil they take this
fruit, the coco, and let it get rotten, and they
corrupt this marrow in the water, then they boil
it, and it becomes oil in the manner of butter.
When they want to make to make vinegar, they
let the water in the cocoa-nut get bad, and they
put it in the sun, when it turns to vinegar like
white wine. From this fruit milk also can be
made, as we experienced, for we scraped this
marrow and then put it with its water, and
passed it through a cloth, and thus it was milk
like that of goats. This kind of palm tree us like
the date-palm, but not so rugged. Two of these
trees can maintain a family of ten persons: but
they do not draw wine as above-mentioned
always from one three, but draw from one eight
days, and from the other as long. For if they did
not, otherwise the trees would dry up. In this
manner, they last a hundred years.
These people became very familiar and
friendly with us, and explained many things to
us in their language, and told us the names of
some islands which we saw with our eyes
before us. The island where they dwelt is called
Zuluam,
and it is not
large. As
they were
sufficiently
agreeable
and
conversable we had great pleasure with them.
The captain seeing that they were of this good
condition, to do them to the ship, and showed
them all his goods, that is to say, cloves,
cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg, mace, gold
and that was in the ship. He had also some
shots fired with his artillery, at which they were
so much afraid that they wished to jump from the
ship into the sea. They made signs that which
the captain had shown them grew there where
we were going. When they wished to leave us
they took leave of the captain and of us with very
good manners and gracefulness, promising us
to come back to see us. The island we were at

19
BSIT 1
was named Humunu; never the less because
we found there two springs of very fresh water
we named it the Watering Place of good signs,
and because we found here the first sign of gold.
There is much white coral to be found here, and
large trees which bear fruit smaller than an
almond, and which are like pines. There were
also many palm trees both good and bad. In this
place there were many circumjacent island, on
which account we named them the archipelago
of St. Lazarus, because we stayed there on the
day and feast of St. Lazarus. This region and
archipelago is in ten degrees north latitude, and
a hundred and six-one degrees longitude from
the line of demarcation.
Friday, the 22nd of march, the above-
mentioned people, who had promised us to
return, came about middy, with two boats laden
with the said fruit cochi, sweet oranges, a vessel
of palm wine, and a cock, to give us understand
that they had poultry in their country, so that we
bought all that they brought .The lord of these
people was old, and had his face painted, and
had gold rings suspended to his ears, which
they name Schione, and the others had many
bracelets and rings of gold on their arms, with a
wrapper of linen round their head. We remained
at this place eight days: the captain went there
every day to see his sick men, whom he had
placed on this island to refresh them; and he
gave them himself every day the water of this
said fruit then cocho, which comforted them
much. Near this isle is another where there are
kind of people who wear holes in their ears so
large that they can pass their arms through
them: these people are Caphre, that is to say,
Gentiles, and they go naked, except that round
their middles they wear cloth made of the bark
of trees. But there are some of the more
remarkable of them who wear cotton stuff, and
at the end of it there is some of silk done with a
needle. These people are tawny, fat, and
painted, and they anoint themselves with the oil
of coco nuts and sesame, to preserve them from
the sun and wind. Their hair is very black and
long, reaching to the waist, and they carry small
daggers and knives, ornamented with gold, and
many other things, such as darts, harpoons and
nets to fish, and their boats are like ours.
The Monday of Passion week, the 25th of
March, and feast of our Lady, in the afternoon,
and being ready to depart from this place, I went
to the side of our ship to fish, and putting my feet
on a spar to go down to the store room, my feet
slipped, because it had rained, and I fell into the
sea without any one seeing me, and being near
drowning by luck I found at my left hand the
sheet of the large sail which was in the sea, I
caught hold of it and began to cry out till they
came to help and pick me up with the boat. I was
assisted not by merits, but by the mercy and
grace of the fountain of pity. That same day we
took the course between west and southwest,
and passed amidst four small islands, that is to
say Cenalo, Huinanhar, Ibusson and Aberian.
Thursday, the 28th of March, having seen
the night before fire upon an island, at the
morning we came to anchor at this Island; where
we saw a small boat which they call Boloto, with
eight men inside, which approached the ship of
the captain-general. Then a slave of the
captain’s, who was from Sumatra, otherwise
named Traprobana, spoke from afar to these
people, who understood his talk, and came near
to the side of the ship, but they withdrew
immediately, and would not enter the ship from
fear of us. So the captain seeing that they would
not trust to us showed them a red cap, and other
things, which he had tied and placed on a little
plank, and the people in the boat took them
immediately and joyously, and then returned to
advise their king. Two hours afterwards, or
thereabouts, we saw come to long boats, which
they call balanghai, full of men. In the largest of
them was their king sitting under an awning of
mats; when they were near the ship if the
captain-general, the said slave spoke to the
king, who understood him well, because in
these countries the kings know more languages
than the common people. Then the king ordered
some of his people to go to the captain’s ship,
whilst he would not move from his boat, which
was near enough to us. This was done, and
when his people returned to the boat, he went
away at once. The captain gave good
entertainment to the men who came to his ship,
and gave them all sorts of things, on which
account the king wished to give the captain
thanked him very much but would not accept the
present. After that, when it was late, we went
with the ships near the houses and abode of the
king. The next day which was Good Friday, the
captain sent on shore the before-mentioned
slave, who was our interpreter, to the king to beg
him to give him money for some provisions for
his ships, sending him word that he had not
come to his country as an enemy, but as a
friend. The king on hearing this came with seven
or eight men in a boat, and entered the ship, and
embraced the captain, and gave him three

20
BSIT 1
China dishes covered with leaves full of rice,
and two dorados, which are rather large fish,
and of the sort above mentioned, and he gave
him several other things. The captain gave this
king a robe of red and yellow cloth, made in the
Turkish fashion, and a very fine red cap, and to
his people he gave to some of them knives, and
to others mirrors. After that refreshments were
served up to them. The captain told the king,
through the said interpreter, that he wished to
be with him, cassi cassi, that is to say brothers.
To which the king answered that he desired to
be the same towards him. After that the captain
showed him clothes to different colours, linen,
coral, and much other merchandise, and all the
artillery, of he had some pieces fired before him,
at which the king was much astonished, after
that the captain had one of his soldiers armed
with white armour, and placed in the midst of
three comrades, who struck him with swords
and daggers. The king thought this very strange,
and the captain told him, through the
interpreter, that a man thus in white armour was
worth a hundred of his men; he answered that it
was true; he had further informed that there
were in each ship two hundred like that man.
After that the captain showed him a great
number of swords, cuirasses, and helmets, and
made of two men play with their swords before
the king he then showed him the sea chart and
the ship compass, and informed him how he had
found the strait to come there, and of the time
which he had spent in coming; also of the time
he had been without seeing any land, at which
the king was astonished. At the end the captain
asked if he would be pleased that two of his
people should go with him to the places they
lived, to see some of things to his country. This
the king granted, and I went with another.
When I had landed, the king raised his
hands to the sky, and turned to us to, and we did
the same as we did; after that he took me by the
hand, and one of his principal people took my
companion, and led us under a place covered
with canes, where there was a balanghai, that is
to say, a boat, eighty feet long or thereabouts,
resembling a fusta. We sat with the king upon its
poop, always conversing with him by signs, and
his people stood up around us, with their
swords, spears, and bucklers. Then the king
ordered to be brought a dish of pig’s fresh and
wine. Their fashion of drinking is in this wise,
they first raise their hands to heaven, then take
the drinking vessel in their right hand, and
extended the left hand closed towards the
people. This the king did, and presented to me
his fist, so that I thought that he wanted to strike
me; I did the same thing towards him; so with
this ceremony, and other signs of friendship, we
banqueted and afterwards supped with him.
I ate flesh on Good Friday, not being able
to do otherwise, and before the hour of super, I
gave several things to the king, which I had
brought. There I wrote down several things as
they name them in their language, and when the
king and the others saw me write, and I told
them their manner of speech, they were all
astonished. When the hour of super had come,
they brought two large chine dishes, of which
one was full of rice, and the other of pig’s flesh
with its broth and sauce. We supped with the
same signs and ceremonies, and then went to
the king’s palace, which was made and built like
a hay grange, covered with fig and palm leaves.
It was built on great timbers high above the
ground, and it was necessary to go up steps and
ladders to it. Then the king made us sit on a
cane mat, with our legs doubled as was the
custom after half an hour there was brought a
dish of fish roast in pieces, and ginger fresh
gathered that moment, and some wine. The
eldest son of the king, who was the prince, came
where we were, and the king told him to sit down
near us, which he did; then two dishes were
brought, one of fish, with its sauce, and the other
of rice, and this was done for us to eat with the
prince. My companion enjoyed the food and
drinks so much that he got drunk. They use for
candles or torches the gum of a tree which is
named Anime, wrapped up in leaves of palms or
fig trees. The king made a sign that he wished
to go to rest, and left with us the prince, with
whom we slept on a cane mat, with some
cushions and pillows of leaves. Next morning
the king came and took me by the hand, and so
we went to the place where we had supped, to
breakfast, but the boat came to fetch us. The
king, before we went away, was very gay, and
kissed our hands, and we kissed his. There
came with us a brother of his, the king of another
island, accompanied by three men. The captain-
general detained him to dine with us, and we
gave him several things.
The island belonging to the king who
came to the ship there are mines of gold, which
they find in pieces as big as a walnut or an egg,
by seeking in the ground. All the vessels which
he makes use are made of it, and also some
parts of his house, which was well fitted up
according to the custom of their country, and he

21
BSIT 1
was the handsomest man that we saw among
these nations. He had very dark hair coming
down to his shoulders, with a silk cloth on his
head, and two large gold rings hanging from his
ears, he had a cloth of cotton worked with silk,
which covered him from the waist to the knees,
at his side he wore a dagger, with a long handle
which was all of gold, its sheath was of carved
wood,. Besides he carried upon him scents
storax and benzoin. He was tawny and painted
all over. The island of this king is named Zuluan
and Calagan, and when these two kings wish to
visit one another they came to hunt in this island
where we were. Of these kings the painted king
is called Raia Calambu, and the other Raia
Siani.
On Sunday, the last day of March, and
feast of Easter, the captain sent the chaplain
ashore early to say mass, and the interpreter
went with him to tell the king that they were not
coming on shore to dine with him, but only to
hear the mass. The king hearing that sent two
dead pigs. When it was time for saying mass the
captain went ashore with fifty men, not with their
arms, but only with their swords, and dressed as
well as each one was able to dress, and before
the boats reached the shore our ships fired six
cannon shots as a sign of peace. At our landing
the two kings were there, and received our
captain in a friendly manner, and placed him
between them, and then we went to the place
prepared for saying mass, which was not far
from the shore. Before the mass began the
captain threw a quantity of musk rose water on
those two kings, and when the offertory of the
mass came, the two kings went to kiss the cross
like us, but they offer nothing, and at the
elevation of the body of our Lord they were
kneeling like us, and adored our Lord with joined
hands. The ship fired all their artillery at the
elevation of the body of our Lord. After mass had
been said each one did the duty of s Christian,
receiving our Lord. After that the captain had
some sword-play by his people, which gave
great pleasure to then kings. Then he had a
cross brought, with the nails and crown, to which
the kings made reverence, and the captain had
them told that these things which showed them
were the sign of the emperor his Lord and
master, from he had charge and commandment
to places when he might go or pass by. He told
them that he wished to place it in their country
for their profit, because if there came afterwards
any ships from Spainto those islands, on seeing
this cross, they would know that we had been
there, and therefore they would not cause them
any displeasure to their persons nor their goods;
and if they took any of their people on showing
them the sign, they would at once let them go.
Beside this, the captain told them that it was
necessary that this cross should be placed on
the summit of the highest mountain in their
country, so that seeing is every day they might
adore it, and that if they did thus, neither
thunder, lightning, nor the tempest could do
them hurt. The king thanked the captain, and
said they would do it willingly. Then he asked
whether they were Moors of Gentiles, and in
what they believed. They answered that they did
not perform any other adoration, but only joined
their hands, looking up to heaven, and that they
called their God Aba. Hearing this, the captain
was very joyful, on seeing that, the first king
raised his hands to the sky and said the he
wished it were possible for him to be able to
show the affection which he felt toward him. The
interpreter asked him for what reason there was
so little eat in that place, to which the king
replied that he did not reside in that place except
when he came to hunt and to see his brother,
but that he lived in another island where he had
all his family. Then the captain asked him if he
had any enemies who made war upon him, and
that if he had any he would go and defeat them
with his men and ships, to put them under his
obedience. The king thanked him, and
answered that there were two islands the
inhabitants of which were his enemies;
however, that for the present it was not the time
to attack them. The captain therefore saidto him
that if God permitted him to return another time
to his country, he would bring so many men that
he would put them by force under his
obedience. Then he bade the interpreter tell
them that he was going away to dine, and after
that he would return to place the cross on the
summit of the mountain. The two kings said they
were content, and on that they embraced then
captain, and he separated from them.
After dinner we all returned in our dress
coats, and we went together with the two king to
the middle of the highest mountain we could
find, and there the cross was planted. After that
the two kings and the captain rested
themselves; and, while conversing, I asked
where was the best port for obtaining victuals.
They replied that there were three, that is to say
Ceylon, Zubu, and Calaghan, but that Zubu was
the largest and of the most traffic. Then then
kings offered to give him pilots to go to those

22
BSIT 1
ports, for while he thanked them, and
deliberated to go there, for his ill-fortune would
have it so. After the cross had been planted on
the mountain, each one said the Paternoster
and Ave Maria, and adored it, and the kings did
the like. Then he went down below to where
their boats were. There the king had brought
some of the fruit called cocos and other things
to make a collation and to refresh us. The
captain, being desirous to depart the next day in
the morning, asked the king for the pilot to
conduct us to the above-mentioned ports,
promising him to treat them like themselves, and
that he would leave one of his own men as a
hostage. The first king said that he would go
himself and conduct him to this port, and be his
pilots but that he should wait two day, until he
had his rice gathered in and done other things
which he had to do, begging him to lend him
some of his men so as to get done sooner. This
the captain agreed to.
These kind of people are gentle, and go
naked, and are painted. They were a piece of
cloth made from a tree, like a linen cloth, round
their body to cover their natural parts: they are
great drinkers. The women are dressed in tree
cloth from their waist downward; their hair is
black, and reaches down to the ground; they
wear certain gold rings in their ears. These
people chew most of their time a fruit which they
call areca, which is something of the shape of a
pear; they cut it in four quarters, and after they
have chewed it for a long time they spit it out,
from which afterwards they have their mouths
very red. They find themselves the better from
the use of this fruit because it refreshes them
much, for this country is very hot, so that they
could not live without it. In this island there is a
great quantity of dogs, cats, pigs, fowls, and
goats, rice, ginger, cocos, figs, oranges,
lemons, millets, wax, and gold mines. This
island is in nine degrees and two-third north
latitude, and one hundred and sixty-two
longitude from the line of demarcation: it is
twenty-five leagues distant from the other island
where we found the two fountains of fresh water.
This island is named Mazzava.
We remained seven days in this place;
then we took the tack Maestral, passing through
the midst of five isles, that is to say, Ceylon,
Bohol, Canighan, Baibai, and Satighan. In this
island of Satighan is a kind of bird called
barbastigly, which are as large as eagle. Of
these we killed only one, because it was late.
We ate it, and it had the taste of a fowl. There
are also in these island doves, tortoises, parrots,
and certain black birds as a fowl, with a long tail.
They lay eggs as large as those of a goose.
These they put a good arm’s length under the
sand in the sun, where they are hatched by the
great heat which the heated sand gives out; and
when these birds are hatched they push up the
sand and come out. These eggs are good to eat.
From these island of Mazzabua to that of
Satighan there are twenty leagues, and on
leaving Satighan we went by the west; but the
King of Mazzabua could not follow us; therefore
we waited for him near three island, that is to
say, Polo,Ticobon, an Pozzon. When the king
arrived he was much astonished at our
navigation, the captain-general bade him come
on board his ship with some of his principal
people, at which they were much pleased. Thus
we went to Zubu, which is fifteen leagues off
from Satighan.
Sunday, the 7th of April, about midday,
we entered the port of Zubu, having passed by
many villages. There we saw many houses
which were built on trees. On approaching the
principal town the captain town the captain-
general commanded all his ship to hang out
their flags. Then we lowered the sails in the
fashion in which they are struck when going to
fight, and he had all the artillery fired, at which
the people of this place were greatly frightened.
The captain sent a young man whom he had
brought up, in the interpreter to the king of this
island Zubu. These having come to the town,
found a great number of people and their king
with them, all alarmed by the artillery which had
been fired. But the interpreter reassured them,
saying that it was the fashion and custom to fire
artillery when they arrived at ports, to show sign
of peace and freinship, and also, to do more
honour to the king of the country they had fired
all the artillery. The king and all his people were
reassured. He then bade one of his principal
men ask what we were seeking. The interpreter
answered him that his master was captain of the
greatest king in the world, and that he was going
by the command of the said sovereign to
discover the Molucca island. However, on
account of what he had heard where he had
passed, and especially from the king of
Mazzava, of his courtesy and good fame, he
had wished to pass by his country to visit him,
and also to obtain some refreshment to victual s
for his merchandise. The king answered him
that he was welcome, but that the custom was
that all ships which arrived at his country or port

23
BSIT 1
paid tribute, and it was only four days since that
a ship called the Junk of Ciama laden with gold
and slaves, had paid him his tribute, and, to
verify what he said, he showed them a merchant
of the said Ciama, who had remained there to
trade with the gold and slaves. The interpreter
said to him that his captain, on account of being
captain of so great a king as his was, would not
pay tribute to any sovereign in the world; and
that if he wished for peace he would have
peace, and if he wished for war he would have
war. Then he merchant above-mentioned
replied to the king in his own language, “Look
well, oh king, what you will do for these people
are of those who have conquered Calicut,
Malacca, and all greater India; if you entertain
them well and treat them well you will find
yourself the better for it, and if ill, it will be so
much the worse for you, as they have done at
Calicut and Malacca.” The interpreter, who
understood all this discourse, said to them that
the king, his master, was a good deal more
powerful in his ships and by land than the king
of Portugal, and declared to him that the king of
Portugal, and declared to him that he was the
king of Spain and Emperor of all Christendom,
wherefore, if he would not be his friend and treat
his subject well, he would another time send
against him so many men as to destroy him.
Then the king answered that he would speak to
his council, and give answered the next day.
Afterwards the king ordered a collation to be
brought of several viands, all of meat, in
porcelain dishes, with a great many vessel of
wine. When the repast was over, our people
returned, and related all to the captain; and the
King of Mazzabua, who was on board the
captain’s ship, and who was the first king after
him of Zubu, and the Lord of several isles,
wished to go on shore to relate to the king the
politeness and courtesy nor our captain.
Monday morning our clerk went with the
interpreter to the town of Zubu, and the king,
accompanied by the principal men of his
kingdom, came to the open space, where we
made our people sit down near him, and he ask
whether was more than one captain in all those
ship, and whether he wished that the king
should pay tribute to the emperor, his master to
which our people answered, no, but that the
captain only wished to trade with the things
which he had brought with the people of this
country, and not with others. Then the king said
that he was content, and as a greater sign of
affection he sent him a little of his blood from his
right arm, and wished he should do the like. Our
people answered that he would do it. Besides
that, he said that all the captains who come to
his country had been accustomed to make a
present to him, and he to them, and therefore
they should ask their captain if he would
observe the custom. Our people answered that
he would; but as the king wished to keep up the
custom, let him begin and make a present, and
then the captain would do his duty.
Tuesday morning following the king of
Mazzava, with the Moor, came to the ship, and
saluted the captain on behalf of the king of
Zubu, and said that the king was preparing a
quantity of provisions, as much as he could, to
make a present of to him, and that after dinner
he would send two of his nephews, with others,
of his principal people, to make peace with him,
and that after dinner he would send one of his
men armed with his own armour, and told him
that all of us would fight armed in that manner,
at which the Moorish merchant was rather
astonished; but the captain told him not to be
afraid, and that our arms were sift to our friends
and rough to our enemies; and that as a cloth
wipes away the sweat from a man, so our arms
destroy the enemies of our faith. The captain
said this to the Moor, because he was more
intelligent than the other, and for him to relate it
all to the king of Zubu.
After dinner the nephew of this king, who
was a prince, with the king of Mazzava, the
Moor, the governor, and the chief of police, and
eight of the principal men, came to the ship to
make peace with us. The captain-general was
sitting in a chair of red velvet, and near him were
the principal men of the ships sitting in feather
chairs, and the others on the ground of mats.
Then the captain bade the interpreter ask the
above-mentioned persons if it was their custom
to speak in secret or in public, and whether the
prince who has come with them had power to
conclude peace. They answered yes, that they
would speak in public, and that they had the
power to conclude peace. The captain spoke at
length on the subject of peace, and prayed God
to confirm it in heaven. These people replied
that they had never heard such words as these
which the captain had spoke to them, and they
took great pleasure in hearing them. The
captain, seeing then that those people listened
willingly to what was said to them, and that they
gave good answers, began to say s great many
more good things to induce them to become
Christians. After many other subject, the captain

24
BSIT 1
asked them who succeed the king in their
country after his death. They answered that the
king had no son, but several daughters, and that
this prince was his nephew, and had for a wife
the king’s eldest daughter, and for the sake of
that they called him prince. They also said that
when the father and mother were old they took
no further account of them, but their children
commanded them. Upon which the captain told
them how God had made heaven and earth and
all other things in the world, and that he had
commanded that everyone should render
honour and obedience to his father and mother,
and that whoever did otherwise was condemned
to eternal fire. He then pointed out to them many
other things concerning our faith. The people
heard these things willingly, and be sought the
captain to leave them two men to teach and
show them the Christian faith, and they would
entertain them well with great honour. To this
the captain answered that for the moment he
could not leave them any of his people, but that
if they wished to be Christians that his priest
would baptize them, and that another time he
would bring priest and preachers to teach them
the faith. They then answered that they wished
first to speak to their king, and then would
become Christians. Each of us wept for then joy
which we felt at the goodwill of these people,
and the captain told them not to become
Christians from fear of us, or to please us, but
that if they wished to become Christian they
must do it willingly, and for the love of God, for
even though they should not become Christian,
no displeasure would be done them, but those
who became Christian would be more loved and
better treated than the others. Then they all
cried out with one voice, that they did not wish
to become Christians from fear, nor from
complaisance, but of their free will. The captain
then said that if they became Christians he
would leave them the arms which the Christian
use, and that his king had commanded him so
to do. At last they said they did not know what
more to answer to so many good and beautiful
words which he spoke to them, but that they
placed themselves in his hands, and that he
should do with them as with his own servants.
Then the captain, with tears in his eyes,
embraced them, and, taking the hand of the
prince and that of the king, said to him that by
the faith he had in God, and so his master the
emperor, and by the habit of St. James which he
wore, he promised them to cause them to have
perpetual peace with the king of Spain, at which
the prince and the others promised him the
same. After peace had been concluded, the
captain had refreshment served to them. The
prince and the King of Mazzava, who was with
him, presented to the captain on behalf of his
king large baskets of full of rice, pigs, goats, and
fowls, and desired the captain to be told he
should pardon them their present was not as
fine as was fitting for him. The captain gave to
the prince some very fine cloth and a red cap,
and a quantity of glass and a cup of gilt glass.
Glasses are much prized in this country. To the
other people belonging to the Prince he gave
various things. They sent by me and another
person to the King of Zubu a robe of yellow and
a violet silk in the fashion of a Turkish jubbeh, a
red cap, very fine, and certain pieces of glass,
and had all of them put in a silver dish, and two
gift glasses.

25
BSIT 1
MIDTERM ACTIVITIES
NAME:______________________________ SCORE:__________
******************************************************************************************************************************
ACTIVITY 3A
Instructions. Matching Type: Match column A to B. Write your answers on the space
provided before each number. Use capital letters only. (2 points each)
Column A Column B
_____1. What incited Spain to expand for an
expedition?
A. Italian chronicler
_____2. When did the period of discovery and
expansionism began?
B. development of Portuguese maritime empire,
scientific and technological advancement,
European attraction to Asia's wealth and spices
_____3. Who "rediscovered" the Philippine
islands in 1521?
C. Monday, March 18, 1521
_____4.Antonio Pigafetta was a
_______________ who kept a journal with him
throughout the expedition.
D. cochi/cocho
_____5. The comprehension of the cultural life of
the native Filipinos was made possible through
the ___________________.
E. fish, Uraca, figs, two cochos, Umai
_____6. The historic voyage began in
__________ and ended in _______________.
F. palm trees
_____7. When did they arrived on the island of
Zamal?
G. Caphre; Gentiles
_____8. On this day, nine natives from Zuluam
on a boat came to them.
H. Zuluam
_____9. The principal among the natives came to
the captain general with demonstrations of being
very _____________ at their arrival.
I. Saturday, March 16, 1521
_____10. The captain general seeing that the
natives were reasonable ordered food and drink
and gave them:
J. Umai
_____11. The natives saw the politeness of the
captain and presented _______________. At
that time they had nothing to give him and
promised that in 4 days they would bring
______________which is rice, cochos and many
other victuals.
K. joyous
_____12. The native language for palm wine L.Enrique
_____13. The native language for rice, cochos
and many other victuals
M. palmito

26
BSIT 1
_____14. The native language for the fruit of the
palm tree
N. chronicle of Pigafetta
_____15. As the crew have bread, wine, oil and
vinegar proceeding from different kinds, the
natives have all those things proceeding from the
______________ only.
O. Watering Place of good signs, two springs of
fresh water, first signs of gold
_____16. native language for the heart of the
palm tree
P. cloves, cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg,
mace, gold, etc.
_____17. The natives of _____________
became familiar and friendly with the crew. They
were agreeable and conversible and the crew
had a great pleasure with them.
Q. Schione
_____18.The captain seeing that the natives
were of this good condition, conducted a greater
honor to them on the ship and showed them all
his goods:
R. 15th Century
_____19. After Zuluam, they went to the island of
_____________ wherein the natives told them
that the goods they have on the ship can also be
found on this certain island.
S. Uraca
_____20. The crew called Humunu as
_______________ because they found
___________________ and
_________________.
T. Archipelago of St. Lazarus
_____21. The crew named the Humunu along
with many of its circumjacent islands as the
__________________.
U. Humunu
_____22. The natives of Zuluam as promised,
returned to the crew on Friday, March 22, 1521
carrying 2 boats laden with:
V. red caps, looking glasses, combs, bells, ivory,
etc.
_____23. The natives of _______________,
need to say _____________, had holes in their
ears so large that they can pass their arms
through them.
W. cochi, sweet oranges, palm wine, and cock
_____24. Can either pertain to the leader of
Zuluam, or the gold rings that served as an
earring
X.Esteban
_____25. during the expedition, there was a
translator that was also a slave of magellan
named
Y. Ferdinand Magellan
Z. 1519, 1522

27
BSIT 1
MIDTERM ACTIVITIES
NAME:______________________________ SCORE:__________
******************************************************************************************************************************
Activity 3B.
Instructions. Answer the following questions in a short and simple way.
1. Who is Antonio Pigafetta? (2 points)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________
2. What is the importance of this chronicle of Pigafetta to history? ( 5 points)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3. What does the article imply to you as a student? (10 points)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

28
BSIT 1
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon(December 15, 1875- April 16, 1899)
was one of the highest ranking officers during the Philippine
Revolution. He joined the secret society Kataastaasan, Kagalang-
galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan better known as
Katipunan, at the age of 19. He served as the advisor on fiscal
matters and secretary to Andres Bonifacio. He edited the
revolutionary newspaper of the Katipunan called Kalayaan under
the pseudonym “Dimasilaw” and used the monicker “Pingkian” in
the secret society. Identified as the Brain of the Katipunan, he authored the Kartilya ng Katipunan”
KATIPUNAN NANG MGA A.N.B. SA MAY NASANG MAKISANIB SA KATIPUNANG ITO
English Version Tagalog Version
The life that is not consecrated to a
lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree
without shade, if not a poisonous
weed.
Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang
malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy
na walang lilim, kundi damong
makamandag
To do good for personal gain and not
for its own sake is not virtue.
Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa
pagpipita sa sarili, at hindi sa talagang
nasang gumawa ng kagalingan, ay di
kabaitan.
It is rational to be charitable and love
one's fellow-creature, and to adjust
one's conduct, acts, and words to
what is in itself reasonable.
Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang
pagkakawang gawa, ang pagibig sa kapua
at ang isukat ang bawat kilos, gawa’t
pangungusap sa talagang Katuiran.
Whether our skin be black or white,
we are all born equal: superiority in
knowledge, wealth, and beauty are to
be understood, but not superiority by
nature.
Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat,
lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay;
mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa dunong,
sa yaman, sa ganda…; ngunit di
mahihigtan sa pagkatao.
The honorable man prefers honor to
personal gain, the scoundrel, gain to
honor.
Ang may mataas na kalooban inuuna ang
puri sa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak
na kalooban inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili
sa puri.
To the honorable man his word is
sacred.
Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa.
Do not waste thy time: wealth can be
recovered, but not the time lost.
Huag mong sasayangin ang panahun; ang
yamang nawala’y magyayaring magbalik;
nguni’t panahong nagdaan na’y di na muli
pang magdadaan. Value of time
Kartilla ng Katipunan
(Declaration of Principles)
by Emilio Jacinto

29
BSIT 1
Defend the oppressed and fight the
oppressor before the law or in the
field.
Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi, at kabakahin
ang umaapi.
The prudent man is sparing in words
and faithful in keeping secrets.
Ang taong matalino’y ang may pagiingat
sa bawat sasabihin, at matutong ipaglihim
ang dapat ipaglihim.
On the thorny path of life, man is the
guide of woman and of the children,
and if the guide leads to precipices,
those whom he guides will also go
there.
Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay
siyang patnugot ng asawa’t mga anak;
kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang
patutunguhan ng iaakay ay kasamaan
din.
Thou must not look upon woman as a
mere plaything, but as a faithful
companion who will share with thee
the penalties of life; her weakness will
increase thy interest in her and she
will remind thee of the mother who
bore thee and reared thee.
Ang babai ay huag mong tignang isang
bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang
katuang at karamay sa mga kahirapan
nitong kabuhayan; gamitan mo ng buong
pagpipitagan ang kaniyang kahinaan, at
alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhata’t nagiwi
sa iyong kasangulan.
What thou dost not desire done unto
thy wife, children, brothers and
sisters, that do not unto the wife,
children, brothers, and sisters of thy
neighbor.
Ang di mo ibig na gawin sa asawa mo,
anak at kapatid, ay huag mong gagawin
sa asawa, anak, at kapatid ng iba.
Man is not worth more because he is
a king, because his nose is aquiline
and his color white, nor because he is
a priest, a servant of God, nor
because of the high prerogative that
he enjoys upon earth, but he is worth
most who is a man of proven and real
value, who does good, keeps his
word, is worthy and honest; he who
does not oppress, nor consent to
being oppressed, he who loves and
cherishes his fatherland, though he
be born in the wilderness and know
no tongue but his own.
Ang kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa
pagkahari, wala sa tangus ng ilong at puti
ng mukha, wala sa pagkaparing kahalili ng
Dios wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat
ng lupa; wagas at tunay na mahal na tao,
kahit laking gubat at walang nababatid
kundi ang sariling wika, yaong may
magandang asal, may isang pangungusap,
may dangal at puri; yaong di napaaapi’t di
nakikiapi; yaong marunong magdamdam
at marunong lumingap sa bayang
tinubuan.
When these rules of conduct shall be
known to all and the longed-for sun of
Liberty shall rise brilliant over this
most unhappy portion of the globe
and its rays shall diffuse everlasting
joy among the confederated brethren
of the same race, the lives of those
who have gone before, the fatigues,
and the wellpaid suffering will remain.
If he who desires to enter has
informed himself of all this and
believes he will be able to perform
what will be his duties, he may fill out
the following application for
admission."
Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito at
maningning na sumikat ang araw ng
mahal na Kalayaan dito sa kaabaabang
Sangkalupuan, at sabugan ng
matamis niyang liwanag ang
nangagkaisang magkalahi’t magkakapatid
ng ligaya ng walang katapusan, ang mga
ginugol na buhay, pagud, at mga tiniis na
kahirapa’y labis nang natumbasan. Kung
lahat ng ito’y mataruk na ng nagiibig
pumasuk at inaakala niyang matutupad
ang mga tutungkulin, maitatala ang
kaniyang ninanasa sa kasunod nito.

30
BSIT 1
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
(Memoirs)
by Emilio Aguinaldo
About the author:
Emilio Aguinaldo, (born March 22/23, 1869, near Cavite ,
Luzon, Philippines—died February 6, 1964, Quezon City ), Filipino
leader and politician who fought first against Spainand later against
the United States for the independence of the Philippines.
Aguinaldo was of Chinese and Tagalog parentage.
Iniwan ko na ang aking kausap at
nagmamdali akong lumulan sa isang Bangka
upang ihatid sa Cavite el Viejo. Subali’t habang
ako’y nagmamadali ay kung bakit lalo namang
humihina ang takbo ng Bangka kaya ako’y lalo
namang naiinip. Bakit eh nataunan kong bukod
sa mainit ang araw ay wala naming kahangin-
hangin, kaya’t ang aking sasakyan ay mabagal
na mabagal ang lakad at dinaan na lamang sa
panay na kagagaod ng mga bangkero. Birin
ninyong umabot nang mahigpit sa isang oras
ang amning pamamangka bago nakarating sa
daungan ng Cavite el Viejo! Tuwang-tuwa ang
mga bangkero ng abutan ko ng limang piso, sa
halip na isang salapi lamang na gaya nang
karaniwang bayaran, subali’t hindi nila
natatanto marahil ang kahalagahan ng aking
mga lakak, kung kaya ako nagbayad nang
mahal.
Mag-iika dalawa na halos ng hapan nang
ako’y lumunsad sa Bangka. Pagdaka’y
nagtuloy ako sa kumbento upang ibalita sa
aming Kura and nabigo kong lakad sa Kabite.
Maikatloakong kumatok sa pinto ng kanyang
silid, ngunit walang sumasagot. Nilakasan ko
ang yabag ng aking sapatos upang matanto nila
na may tao sa labas,ngunit wala ring kumikilos.
Naghinala tuloy ako sa sarili nab aka ayaw nila
akong tanggapin at natiktikan ang aking mga
pagbabalatkayo sa kanila. Dali-dali akong
nanaog sa silong ng kumbento at lalo kong
pang nilakasan ang yabag ng aking sapatos, sa
pagbabasakaling sila’y magising kung sila man
ay natutulog. Subali’t nang ako’y na sa silong
na at palabras na sa pintuan, ay siyang
pagdungaw ng Kura at tinawag ako.
“Oye, oye Capitan, ano ang labas ng
inyong lakad?”- ang tanong agad sa akin.
“Wala pong nangyari! Bigung-bigo po ang
aking lakad. Nguni’t kung ako’y binigyan ninyo
ng rekomendasyon, disin sana’y
napagkatiwalaan ako kahit sampung baril.
Sinabi pa po sa akin n may pasiya and
Excelentisimo Captain general Blanco ng
Estado de Guerra, saw along lalawigan na
kadamay ang Kabite”.
Pagkatapos ng ganyang maikling pag-uusap
ay umuwi ako sandal sa aming bahay, at bago
dali-daling nagbalik ako sa Tribunal. Halos
kararating ko pa lamang sa aking tanggapan,
ay kasunod ko naming dumating na
humahangos ang dalawa kong Consejal, sina
G. Candido, Tria Tirona at Santiago Daño.
Ibinalita ko sa kanila ang pagkabigo ng aking
lakad sa Kabite, ay sinabat na nila ako agad sa
aking pangungusap at sinasabing: “Tayo po’y
magbangon na agad. Sinabi na naming kangina
sa ating mga kapatid sa Katipunan, na ilabas
ang mga balaraw at humanda ng lahat sa
pagbabangon, at kailangan nang pututin ang
tatlong Guardia Civil na pumapatrulya ditto sa
atin.” Sinagot ko agad ng: “Huwag naman,,,
dahil sa tatlong Guardia Civil ay guguluhin na
natin ang bayan? Hindi kabilang iyan sa
labanan. Sa palagay ko, sila’y matahimik nating
maasgawan ng baril mamayang gabi.”

31
BSIT 1
“Aba”- ang sagot ng Consejal Tirona. “Hindi
nap o dapat pang palakarin ang oras at
maaaring bumigat pa ang panahon sa atin.
Kung kayo ay aayaw pa, ay pasusulungan na
naming ng Consejal Daño ang mga Guardi Civil
sa mga kapatid natin sa Katipunan; sapagka’t
kaninang umaga na kaalis pa lamang ninyo
patungong Kabite, ang tumanggap n kami nang
balitang nagbangon at sinalakay na ang
Tribunal at Kuwartel ng Guardia Civil sa San
Francisco de Malabon, at kanginang
katanghalian ay sinalakay naman ang
Comandancia Provincial ng Guardia Civil sa
Noveleta, na pinamumunuan ng Capitan
Antonio Redoblado.”
“Aba” Gayon pala.Bakit di ninyo naipagtapat
agad sa akin? Ang balak ko’y mamayang gabi
na tayo kumilos subali’t sa ganyang sabi ninyo,
ay dapat nang tayo’y sumunod, ngunit huwag
nating patayin ang tatlong Guardia Civil.
Pakiusapan na lamang natin sila, kung maari,
at kung hindi’y agawan na lamang natin sila ng
kani-kanilang baril, at si Kuya Tiago Daño
naman ay uuwi agad sa Binakayan, upang
maihanda an gating mga tauhan doon.” At
lumakad naman agad si G. Dino.Saka sinabi ko
kay Consejal Tirona na maghintay siya sa loob
ng aking tanggapan at aking mamanmanan
kung naroroon na ang tatlong Guardia Civil.
Lumabas ako at namalas kong naroroon na ang
dalawa at nangakaupo. Samantalang wala pa
ang ikatlong Guardia Civil, ay ibinulong ko sa
aking kubo ng Cuadrillero, G. Honorio Falla,na
humanda na at aagawan naming ngbaril ang
dalawang naroroon at huwag silang tutulong sa
amin ng Kumpareng Tirona, hanggang hindi
nila nakikitang sinuman sa amin ay magipit.
Mag-iikatlo nang hapon ng dumating sa
Tribunal ang ikatlong Guardia Civil na aming
pinakahihintay. Pumasok ako pagdaka, at
sinabi ko sa Kumpareng Tirona na naroroon na
ang mga Guardia Civil. Sinabi kong pagtig-
isahan na naming agawan ng baril ang nasa
magkabilang dulo, at ang nasa gitna ay parang
masisikil na namin siyang pakiusapan. Inulit ko
sa kanya na agawan na lamang naming sila ng
baril sa pamamagitan mg lakas at pakikiusap,
at kalian man ay huwag uutang ng buhay
pagka’t sila’y kadugo rin natin, at ganito nga ang
aming ginawa.
Nilapitan at pinag-isahan na naming
hawakan ang baril ng dalawang Guardia Civil
na pawing nagulantang. Sinabi ko ang ganito sa
kanila: “Mga kababayan, dumating na ngayon
ang panahon na tayong mga Tagalog ay
magbangon at huwag paalipin sa Pamahalaang
Kastila. Ibigay ninyo sa amin ang inyong mga
baril at sumama na kayo sa amin upang
mahango sa kaaalipinan ang ating Inang
Bayan.
Ang aking kausap ay nag-anyong
lalaban,kaya’t nagbuno muna kaning sandal
bago inagaw ko ang baril at iniabot ko agad sa
aking Cuadrillero. Pagkatapos ay isinunod ko
naman ang ikalawang Guardia Civil. Sinabi ko
muna sa kanyang: “Narinig mo na ang aking
pakiusap sa iyong kasama at huwag mo nang
hintayin pang ulitin, kaya’t ipinagkaloob mo
sakin ang iyong baril.
“Ayoko po!” – tugon niya. “Bayaan po muna
ninyong makauwi ako sa aming kuwartel sa
Noveleta,at silang lahat ay hihikayatin kong
makiisa na.
“Oo,” ang sagot ko. “Mabuti iyan nguni’t iwan
mo na lamang ang iyong baril sa amin”.
Nang ayaw niyang pumayag ay nagpamuok
kaming sandal hanggang sa na agaw ko ang
baril. Pagkatapos ay iniutos ko sa dalawang
Guardia Civil na maghubad sila ng kanilang
unipornme.
Saka hinarap ko naman ang makisig at
malaking Guardia Civil ns nakikipagbuno nang
mahigpitan kay Consejal Tirona,na hindi
maagaw-agaw ang baril, palibhasa’y kapwa sila
matipuno ang pangangatawan.
“Bitiwan mo ang baril”- ang pabulas kong
sigaw sa Guardia Civil, nguni’t patuloy pa rin sa
paghahamok ang kappa tandis na lalaki, kaya’t
tumulong ako at siya’y napalugamok, tuloy
mabitiwan ang baril. Biglang naglundagan and
mga Cuadrillero na bunot na lahat and gulok at
balaraw at tangkang uutasin and Guardia Civil.
Subali’t sinakyan ko agad sa ibabaw ang
nakahandusay, kasabay and sigaw kong:
“Patawarin na ninyo ang buhay nito!”
Gayon man, hindi ko namataan na ang isa
palang Cuadrillero ay nakasalingit at nasaksak
ang Guardia Civil sa tapat pa naman ng
kanyang puso, at dahil dito’y patangis na
nanikluhod sa akin na tutop na ang dibdib at
nagsabing:
“Maginoong Capitan, mamamatay yata
ako…! Malaki ang sugat ko sa dibdib.”
“Kung di ko nga nasangga ang pagkasaksak
sa iyo ay bangkay ka na ngayon sa katigasan
ng ulo mo,”- ang sagot ko.
Tiningnan ko ang kanyang sugat at natuwa-
tuwa siya nang sabihin kong hindi siya
mamamatay.Kaya’t ipinatawag ko noon din ang

BSHM 1 readings in phil hist.docx

BSHM 1 readings in phil hist.docx

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