This document discusses the differences and similarities between philosophy and science. It provides definitions of both philosophy and science. Some key differences outlined are that philosophy relies on reason while science relies on empirical data and experimentation. Philosophy asks both subjective and objective questions, while science focuses only on objective questions. The document also discusses the aims of education according to the Philippine Constitution, as well as the goals of national development and aims of the educational system at various levels from elementary to tertiary education.

1. SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHY
OF PHILIPPINES
EDUCATION
NORMAN L. SANTOS
Floridablanca National Agricultural School
Floridablanca, Pampanga

2. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCIENCE
AND PHILOSOPHY

3. DEFINITION: PHILOSOPHY
AND SCIENCE
 The study and understanding of natural
phenomena.
It is concerned with empirical data
It is systematic in nature
Science bases its explanation on the results of
experiments, objective evidence, and observable
facts.

4. DEFINITION: SCIENCE
 Science came from the Latin word “scientia,”
meaning “knowledge.”
Branches of science can be classified under
various headings: pure and applied sciences,
physical and life sciences, Earth and space
sciences. Also included in these classifications are
exact and descriptive science.

5. DEFINITION: PHILOSOPHY
Science’s “predecessor,”
 It uses reason to explore issues in many areas.
 Philosophy tries to study and understand the
fundamental nature of two things: the existence of man
and the relationship between the man and existence.
 It also has branches: metaphysics, logic, politics,
epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, and specific philosophy
in the fields like the philosophy of language, history,
the mind, religion, and others.

6. DEFINITION: PHILOSOPHY
 Philosophy comes from the two Greek words philia which
means “love” and sophia which translates “wisdom.”
Therefore, philosophy is literally the “love of wisdom”
Philosophy is based on reason.
Philosophy entertains both subjective and
objective type of questions
Philosophy is mostly involved with thinking and
to create knowledge.

7. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY
AND SCIENCE
1. Philosophy and science are two studies and domains.
Philosophy came first and became the basis for science,
formerly known as natural philosophy.
2. Science is concerned with the natural phenomena while
philosophy attempts to understand the nature of man,
existence and the relationship that exists between the two
concepts.
3. Science came from a Latin word (scientia), meanwhile,
philosophy traces back to a Greek word (philosophia).

8. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY
AND SCIENCE
4. Science is used for instances that require empirical
validation while philosophy is used for situations where
measurements and observations cannot be applied.
Science also takes answers and proves them as objective
right or wrong.
5. Subjective and objective questions are involved in
philosophy while only some of objective questions can be
related in science. Philosophy also involves generating
questions aside from finding answers. Meanwhile, while
science is only involved in the latter activity.

9. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY
AND SCIENCE
6.Philosophy creates knowledge by thinking. On the other
hand, science does the same thing by observing.
7.Science is also a defined study, in contrast to philosophy
which can be applied to many and extensive areas of
discipline.
8. Science is logic-based and philosophy is all thought-
based.

10. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY
AND SCIENCE
1. Both studies have many branches or fields of study and
makes use reasoning, questioning and analysis. The main
difference is how they work and treat knowledge.
2. Both try to explain situations and find answers.
Philosophy does this by using logical argumentation while
science uses empirical data. Philosophy’s explanations are
grounded in arguments of principles while science tries to
explain from experiment results, observable facts and
objective evidence.

11. AIMS OF EDUCATION ACCORDING
TO THE CONSTITUTION
Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of
all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall
take appropriate steps to make such education accessible
to all.
Section 2. The State shall:
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete,
adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to
the needs of the people and society;

12. AIMS OF EDUCATION ACCORDING
TO THE CONSTITUTION
(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public
education in the elementary and high school levels.
Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their
children, elementary education is compulsory for all
children of school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants,
student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives
which shall be available to deserving students in both
public and private schools, especially to the
underprivileged;

13. AIMS OF EDUCATION ACCORDING
TO THE CONSTITUTION
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous
learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent,
and out-of-school study programs particularly those that
respond to community needs; and
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school
youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and
other skills.

14. GOALS OF NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of
economic development and social progress;
2. To ensure the maximum participation of all the people
in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such
growth; and
3. To achieve and strengthen national unity and
consciousness and preserve, develop and promote
desirable cultural, moral and spiritual values in a
changing world.

15. AIMS OF THE PHILIPPINES
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
1. Provide for a broad general education that will assist
each individuals in the peculiar ecology of his own society,
to (a) attain his potentials as a human being; (b) enhance
the range and quality of individual and group
participation in the basic functions of society; and (c)
acquire the essential educational foundation of his
development into a productive and versatile citizen;

16. AIMS OF THE PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
2. Train the nation's manpower in the middle-level skills
for national development;
3. Develop the profession that will provide leadership for
the nation in the advancement of knowledge for improving
the quality of human life; and
4. Respond effectively to changing needs and conditions of
the nation through a system of educational planning and
evaluation.

17. AIMS OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
1. To provide the knowledge and develop the skills,
attitudes, and values essential to personal development
and necessary for living in and contributing to a
developing and changing social milieu;
2. To provide learning experiences which increase the
child's awareness of and responsiveness to the changes in
and just demands of society and to prepare him for
constructive and effective involvement;

18. AIMS OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
3. To promote and intensify the child's knowledge of,
identification with, and love for the nation and the people
to which he belongs; and
4. To promote work experiences which develop the child's
orientation to the world of work and creativity and
prepare himself to engage in honest and gainful work.

19. AIMS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
1. To continue to promote the objectives of elementary
education; and
2. To discover and enhance the different aptitudes and
interests of the students so as to equip him with skills for
productive endeavor and/or prepare him for tertiary
schooling.

20. AIMS OF TERTIARY EDUCATION
1. To provide a general education program that will
promote national identity, cultural consciousness, moral
integrity and spiritual vigor;
2. To train the nation's manpower in the skills required
for national development;

21. AIMS OF TERTIARY EDUCATION
3. To develop the professions that will provide leadership
for the nation; and
4. To advance knowledge through research work and apply
new knowledge for improving the quality of human life
and responding effectively to changing societal needs and
conditions.

22. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
God bless us all!