This document discusses vector structure systems, which use short linear members arranged in triangular compositions to redirect forces over long distances without intermediate supports. It covers the basic principles of vector structures, common materials like timber, steel and aluminum, and types including flat trusses, curved trusses, space frames and tree systems. Examples of famous buildings using different vector structure types are provided, such as the Schulhaus building's flat trusses and the curved truss roof of Friends Arena stadium.

1. VECTOR
STRUCTURE
SYSTEM
GROUP MEMBERS:
ADITYA SHARMA
MAAZ ABDULLAH
AVANTIKA BARANWAL
B.ARCH (V SEMESTER)

2. TOPIC TO BE
COVERED
 DEFINITION
 BASIC PRINCIPLE
 MATERIAL USED
 TECHNOLOGY
INVOLVED
 CASE STUDY ON
FAMOUS BUILDING
2

3. VECTOR STRUCTURE
SYSTEM
Vector active structure system are system of straight linear
members in which the redirection of forces is effected by
multidirectional splitting of forces into vectors along compressive
and tensile elements.

4. “  Vector means “Carrier”.
 Short ,solid, linear members are used as
structural components because of there section
is much smaller in comparison to there length
and they can bear the load in there axial direction
only.
 Compressive and tensile members are arranged
in a triangular composition and are hinged
together and it collectively forms a mechanism
which can redirects force and transmits loads
over long distances in equilibrium without
intermediate support
4
PRINCIPLE OF VECTOR
ACTIVE STRUCTURE

5. MATERIALS USED FOR
VECTOR STRUCTURES
5
TIMBER
STEEL
ALUMINIUM
- Materials with high elastic limits
are preferred for building trusses in
vector structure system

6. MATERIALS USED FOR
VECTOR STRUCTURES
6
“Timber Trusses
‾ Timber is flexible and versatile.
‾ It is economical and locally
available.
‾ Timber is durable and strong
also strength to weight ratio of
timber is high.
‾ Its is eco friendly compared to
other materials.

7. MATERIALS USED FOR
VECTOR STRUCTURES
7
“Steel Trusses
‾ When the span exceeds 10M
timber trusses become heavy
and uneconomical so steel
trusses are economical.
‾ Steel trusses are more
commonly used in both short
and large span.
‾ It is easy to fabricate, permanent
and fire resistant.
.

8. MATERIALS USED FOR
VECTOR STRUCTURES
8
“Aluminum Trusses
‾ If weight (lightness) is the main
concentration then aluminum
trusses are used.
‾ Aluminum trusses mostly
temporary structures.
‾ It is easy to fabricate and fire
resistant.
.

9. TYPES OF VECTOR
STRUCTURES
9
FLAT TRUSSES
CURVED TRUSSES
SPACE FRAMES
TREE SYSTEM

10. FLAT TRUSSES
╸ All members and
nodes lie within a
two dimensional
plane
╸ Consists of straight
member connected
at joints.
“Application
 In buildings to support
roof and floor on large
span carrying
relatively light loads.
 In Road and Rail
Bridges for short and
intermediate span in
foot bridge.
10

11. 11

12. CURVED TRUSSES
╸ A curved truss can
be defined as a
truss in which the
top chord is in a
curved shape
╸ Curved trusses are
the trusses which
are used to give a
particular form to a
building
‾ The form is not
organic but in
sections
12

13. 13

14. SPACE FRAMES
╸ Space Frame is a
truss like light
weight rigid
structure
constructed from
interlocking struts
in geometric
patterns.
‾ Assembled linear
elements are
arranged to
transfer the load.
They take a form of
flat or curve
surface design with
no intermediate
column to create
large open areas.
14

15. SPACE FRAMES
“CLASSIFICATION
- Single Layer Grid ‾ -Double Layer Grid
15
- Triple Layer Grid

16. 16

17. TREE
STRUCTURE
╸ This system
features the use of
tree like columns
for support .
╸ The column rises
from the ground
like the trunk of
tree , and then start
branching near the
top to extend over
bigger span.
.
‾ Tree Structure
system are used in
double height
spaces
‾ Main principle is to
focus on reducing
the mass of the
structural material
while increasing
efficiency
17

18. 18
- Tree structure are generally used as compression structure which carry distributed gravity
loads down to a foundation. The forms have also been used as tensile system inverted
together loads up to an anchor point.

19. APPICATION AND
MECHANISM OF
VECTOR STRUCTURE
19
 The total load acting on a truss is taken to be concentrated upon the joints
that it possesses.
 All the members are axial load elements which may either exist in tension or
compression.
 As it undergo tension and compression the load get distributed evenly and
find the shortest possible way to transfer the load on ground.
 Challenging the strength of material and making use out of it is what VECTOR
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM roams about.

20. CASE STUDIES :
 SCHULHAUS, SWITZERLAND (FLAT TRUSS)
 FRIENDS ARENA , SWEDEN (CURVED TRUSS)
 HEYDER ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTER , AZERBAIJAN (SPACE FRAME)
 STUTTGART , GERMANY (TREE SYSTEM)
 WATERLOO STATION , LONDON (CURVED TRUSS)

21. 21
SCHULHAUS
 NAME : SCHULHAUS LEUTSCHENBACH.
LOCATION : SWITZERLAND, ZURICH.
 ARCHITECT : CHRISTIAN KEREZ.
 INTRODUCTION : THE NORTH OF ZÜRICH
GAINED AN UNAMBIGUOUS STEEL AND GLASS
BUILDING. THE LARGE LATTICE-CLAD VOLUME
OF SCHULHAUS LEUTSCHENBACH APPEARS
TO FLOAT ABOVE GROUND LEVEL.A SCHOOL
BUILDING WHICH COMBINES A PRIMARY AND
A SECONDARY SCHOOL.
 THE SUPPORT SYSTEM IS MADE OF STEEL

22. 22
FRIENDS ARENA
 LOCATION – SWEDEN
 ARCHITECT – C.F MOLLER ARCHITECTS
 INTRODUCTION -FRIENDS ARENA, ALSO
KNOWN AS NATIONALARENAN, IS A
RETRACTABLE ROOF MULTI-PURPOSE
STADIUM IN STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.
 Span : 162m
 A curved bowstring steel truss
 3-dimensional configuration.
 The internal horizontal bracings help control
buckling. Internal bracing

23. 23
HEYDER ALIYEV
CULTURAL CENTER
 NAME: HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL
CENTER
 LOCATION: BAKU, AZERBAIJAN
 ARCHITECT: ZAHA HADID ARCHITECT
 THE STRUCTURE : 101801 SQM BUILDING
COMPEX. THE CENTRE ACCOMMODATE
1000 AUDITORIUM, TEMPORARY
EXHIBITION SPACE A CONFERENCE
CENTRE, WORKSHOPS AND MUSEUM

24. 24
STUTTGART
 LOCATION - STUTTGART ,GERMANY
 ARCHITECTS - GERKAN, MAG AND PARTNERS.
 THE STUTTGART AIRPORT USES TREE-LIKE
SUPPORT STRUCTURES IN THE ENTRY
TERMINALS TO CREATE AN ASCENDING OPEN
WAREHOUSE-LIKE SPACE.
 THE MONOPITCH ROOF IS SUPPORTED BY 18
FILIGREE TREE-COLUMNS AND CREATES A
DELICATE AND INTERIOR
 UMBEL STRUCTURES START TO SPLIT AND
DIVIDE LOADS THAT MEET AT NODES.
 INTERIOR ROOFING MADE OF GYPSUM
BOARDS

25. 25
WATERLOO
STATION
 LOCATION – LONDON
 ARCHITECT – GRIMSHAW ARCHITECTS •
 INTRODUCTION -THE INTERNATIONAL
TERMINAL AT WATERLOO STATION IN
LONDON IS AN ELONGATED, FOUR-PLATFORM
RAILWAY CONCOURSE WITH A SNAKING
GLASS-AND-STEEL ROOF O ASSYMTRICAL
ROOF-COMBINATION 2 SLOPING CURVED
TRUSSES. O SPAN – 38M

26. THANK YOU!!
YOU CAN CONTACT US AT…
MAAZ ABDULLAH
8979483115
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AVANTIKA BARANWAL
9696250844
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ADITYA SHARMA
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