IT IS AN BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT SIMPLE ASSESMENT OF HEART , ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART ,HEART SOUNDS, NORMAL & ABNORMAL SOUNDS..ESPECIALLY MOST USEFULL TO NURSES...
Platelets also called thrombocytes are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding. If one of your blood vessels gets damaged, it sends out signals to the platelets. The platelets then rush to the site of damage. they form a plug (clot) to fix the damage.
Normal Blood count: 1.5‐4lakh/ μL of blood
Platelets also called thrombocytes are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding. If one of your blood vessels gets damaged, it sends out signals to the platelets. The platelets then rush to the site of damage. they form a plug (clot) to fix the damage.
Normal Blood count: 1.5‐4lakh/ μL of blood
Cardiac output by Dr. Amruta Nitin Kumbhar Assistant Professor, Dept. of Phys...Physiology Dept
Definition of cardiac output and related terms
Measurement of cardiac output
Variations in cardiac output
Regulation of cardiac output
Cardiac output control mechanisms
Role of heart rate in control of cardiac output
Integrated control of cardiac output
Heart–lung preparation
this slide is a simple slide that explain about the characteristics of urine,abnormal characteristics of urine,main terms associated with urine ,also explains casts and crystals...it should be given a general idea about urine characteristics.......its explains its basics
.
“Cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped out per ventricle per minute.”
Cardiac output is the function of heart rate and stroke volume.
STROKE VOLUME:
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one compression is called the stroke volume.
Heart Rate
The cardiac output increases with the increase in heart rate.
The normal heartbeat is 60-72 per minute. The pumping of the blood f.pdfpoddaranand1
The normal heartbeat is 60-72 per minute. The pumping of the blood from the heart to every part
of the body through blood vessels causes the sound in it. A healthy adult normally has two heart
sounds, commonly called as lub and dub (or dup). These sounds are caused by the systole and
diastole; systole occurs when the hearts contracts and the blood is pumped out, whereas diastole
occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.
Because of the contraction and relaxation of heart the intensity and the pitch of the sound differs.
The first sound (S1) is of low frequency and occurs at the beginning of systole. This sound can
be heard clearly using the stethoscope or at the diaphragm. It is caused due to the turbulence
created during the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.
The second sound (S2) is comparatively short than the first sound in terms of intensity,
frequency, quality and duration. S2 is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves,
making the end of systole.
2. An unusual sound heard between the heartbeats is known as the heart murmur. They generally
produce whooshing or swishing noise. Sometimes the murmurs maybe harmless (innocent), but
if they are occurring consistently or they accompany any other problems (abnormal) then they
should be diagnosed.
Innocent murmurs can be caused due to physical activity, pregnancy, general sickness such as
fever, anaemia, hyperthyroidism or rapid stages of development (adolescence).
Abnormal heart murmurs can be caused due to holes in the heart or presence of cardiac shunts,
abnormalities in the heart valve, valve calcification and sometimes due to rheumatic fever.
People with family history of heart defects and certain illness (lung diseases, hypertension etc.)
are also at risk of developing heart murmurs.
Solution
The normal heartbeat is 60-72 per minute. The pumping of the blood from the heart to every part
of the body through blood vessels causes the sound in it. A healthy adult normally has two heart
sounds, commonly called as lub and dub (or dup). These sounds are caused by the systole and
diastole; systole occurs when the hearts contracts and the blood is pumped out, whereas diastole
occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.
Because of the contraction and relaxation of heart the intensity and the pitch of the sound differs.
The first sound (S1) is of low frequency and occurs at the beginning of systole. This sound can
be heard clearly using the stethoscope or at the diaphragm. It is caused due to the turbulence
created during the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.
The second sound (S2) is comparatively short than the first sound in terms of intensity,
frequency, quality and duration. S2 is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves,
making the end of systole.
2. An unusual sound heard between the heartbeats is known as the heart murmur. They generally
produce whooshing or swishing noise. Sometimes the murmurs maybe harmless (innocent), but
if they are occ.
Cardiac output by Dr. Amruta Nitin Kumbhar Assistant Professor, Dept. of Phys...Physiology Dept
Definition of cardiac output and related terms
Measurement of cardiac output
Variations in cardiac output
Regulation of cardiac output
Cardiac output control mechanisms
Role of heart rate in control of cardiac output
Integrated control of cardiac output
Heart–lung preparation
this slide is a simple slide that explain about the characteristics of urine,abnormal characteristics of urine,main terms associated with urine ,also explains casts and crystals...it should be given a general idea about urine characteristics.......its explains its basics
.
“Cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped out per ventricle per minute.”
Cardiac output is the function of heart rate and stroke volume.
STROKE VOLUME:
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one compression is called the stroke volume.
Heart Rate
The cardiac output increases with the increase in heart rate.
The normal heartbeat is 60-72 per minute. The pumping of the blood f.pdfpoddaranand1
The normal heartbeat is 60-72 per minute. The pumping of the blood from the heart to every part
of the body through blood vessels causes the sound in it. A healthy adult normally has two heart
sounds, commonly called as lub and dub (or dup). These sounds are caused by the systole and
diastole; systole occurs when the hearts contracts and the blood is pumped out, whereas diastole
occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.
Because of the contraction and relaxation of heart the intensity and the pitch of the sound differs.
The first sound (S1) is of low frequency and occurs at the beginning of systole. This sound can
be heard clearly using the stethoscope or at the diaphragm. It is caused due to the turbulence
created during the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.
The second sound (S2) is comparatively short than the first sound in terms of intensity,
frequency, quality and duration. S2 is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves,
making the end of systole.
2. An unusual sound heard between the heartbeats is known as the heart murmur. They generally
produce whooshing or swishing noise. Sometimes the murmurs maybe harmless (innocent), but
if they are occurring consistently or they accompany any other problems (abnormal) then they
should be diagnosed.
Innocent murmurs can be caused due to physical activity, pregnancy, general sickness such as
fever, anaemia, hyperthyroidism or rapid stages of development (adolescence).
Abnormal heart murmurs can be caused due to holes in the heart or presence of cardiac shunts,
abnormalities in the heart valve, valve calcification and sometimes due to rheumatic fever.
People with family history of heart defects and certain illness (lung diseases, hypertension etc.)
are also at risk of developing heart murmurs.
Solution
The normal heartbeat is 60-72 per minute. The pumping of the blood from the heart to every part
of the body through blood vessels causes the sound in it. A healthy adult normally has two heart
sounds, commonly called as lub and dub (or dup). These sounds are caused by the systole and
diastole; systole occurs when the hearts contracts and the blood is pumped out, whereas diastole
occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.
Because of the contraction and relaxation of heart the intensity and the pitch of the sound differs.
The first sound (S1) is of low frequency and occurs at the beginning of systole. This sound can
be heard clearly using the stethoscope or at the diaphragm. It is caused due to the turbulence
created during the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.
The second sound (S2) is comparatively short than the first sound in terms of intensity,
frequency, quality and duration. S2 is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves,
making the end of systole.
2. An unusual sound heard between the heartbeats is known as the heart murmur. They generally
produce whooshing or swishing noise. Sometimes the murmurs maybe harmless (innocent), but
if they are occ.
EXTERNAL VENTRICULAR CARE FOR NURSES.pptxMURUGESHHJ
EVD---EVD CARE ESPECAILLY IN ICU SETTINGS MORE ESSENTIAL , THIS PPT EXPLAINS YOU ABOUT EVD IN BRIEF, INDICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS , , EVD CARE PROCEDURE, NURSING DIAGNOSIS & MANGEMENT ASSOCIETED WITH EVD RELATED INFECTIONS ...
HOSPTAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIAE , PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT PROTOCALS MURUGESH.pptxMURUGESHHJ
this is an brief explanation for one of most common infection in hospital i.e , HAI, meaning, causes, prevention & management stragies , VAP OR VAE & NVHAP bundles, especially usefull for nurses ...
IMPORTANCE OF ORAL CARE IN ICU MURUGESH HJ.pptxMURUGESHHJ
THIS PPT EXPLAINS ABOUT IMPORTANCE OF ORAL HYGIENE ESPECIALLY FOR UNCONSIOUS PATIENTS, SEVERLY ILL PATIENTS , IT EXPLAINS YOU ABOUT PROCEDURE, IMPORTANT ARTICLES , MOST BENEFICIAL FOR NURSES
Neuroassessment important neuro reflex’s in icu for nurses +rass score+tbiMURUGESHHJ
its an small guide to assess the neuorological status with various pictures , it explains clearly about GCS, MUSCULAR POWER ASSESSMENT , PUPILLARY REACTION & IMPORTANT REFLEXES specially for nurses ....it has brief information about TBI PROTOCAL & RASS SCORE
Chest auscultation & lung sounds assessment for nursesMURUGESHHJ
its an brief explanation regarding respiratory system & most common sites to assess lung sounds &lobe associated lung infections...visuals explains briefly & clearly about abnormal lung conditions
Artereal blood gas meaning,brief guide for nurses murugeshMURUGESHHJ
ABG-It is an vital &fastest test to assess the patient haemodynamics , this ppt explains you briefly about ABG meaning, components,sampling, allens test & nurses roles....
Mechanical ventilator, common modes, indications,nursing responsibilities MURUGESHHJ
it is an brief summary with diagrammatic presentation for NURSES regarding Mechanical ventilator, uses, complications, types, important terms,common modes, NIV, uses, NURING ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES for handling INTUBATED patients...
it is an brief description and slides about the CYANOSIS,ISCHEMIA, ISCHEMIC MANAGEMENT MEANING , HEPARIN , HEPARIN USES , IV INFUSION, SIMPLE HEPARIN IV INFSUION CALUCULATION FORMULAE , ANTIDOTE AND NURSING MANAGEMENT,expalins in diagrammatic manner for nurses, ICU nursing educators,primarily its most benificial for INTENSIVE NURSES works in critical area units like ICUs , CT ICUS etc...
Diabetic ketoacidosis meaning,types &management for nurses murugeshMURUGESHHJ
its an brief information about the Diabetic ketoacidosis, causes, signs & symptoms ,hospital management protocals in simple english......provides more information with diagrammatic way ...thank you all
its an brief information for Intensive nurses about the Neurological assessment ,GCS, braian death assessment & expalins about important brain reflex's pertaining to icu setup, for making this pdf i used out hospitlas protocal, nursing journals.....
THIS IS AN BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT AN ONE OF MY FAVOURITE SUBJECT ARDS & & ITS MANAGEMENT ,ROLES OF INTENSIVE NURSES , IT WILL EXPLAINS ABOUT CATEGORIES, PF RATIO, PRONE POSITIONING & NURSING CARE .....FOR THIS I REFFERED OLD SLIDE SHARE PPTS & IN HOSPITAL ROUTINELY PRACTICING POLICIES
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
2. as we know heart is structural & key element
for blood circulation , each beat will pump
blood to whole body , maintains whole body
blood circulation ….
when blood is flowing in heart BECAUSE OF
CLOSURE OF THE VALVES , DIFFERENT
SOUNDS WILL BE PRODUCED THESE ARE
THE HEART SOUNDS”.. ( four main heart
valve areas: the aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid
and mitral valve areas)
LETS BEGIN OUR DISCUSSION …
3. Types Of Heart Sounds
S1 – “lub” caused by the closing of the
AV valves.
S2 – “dub” caused by the closing of
semilunar valves.
S3 – linked with flow of blood into the
ventricles.
S4 – linked with atrial contraction.
4. What are S1 S2 S3 and S4 heart sounds?
In a healthy adult, the heart makes two sounds,
commonly described as 'lub' and 'dub. ' The
third and fourth sounds may be heard in some
healthy people, but can indicate impairment of
the heart function. S1 and S2 are high-pitched
we can auscultate in the Bell part of the
stethoscopre and S3 and S4 are low-pitched
sounds usually diaphragm portion
5. The S3 heart sound is a low-pitched sound that can
hear when blood rushes rapidly from the heart's
atrium into the ventricle Sometimes, particularly in
children and athletes, it is a typical sound we can
hear , but in normal persons it is a classical indicator
for CHF ..
A S4 heart sound can be an important sign of diastolic heart
failure or active ischemia and is rarely a normal finding.
Diastolic heart failure frequently results from severe left
ventricular hypertrophy, or LVH, resulting in impaired
relaxation (compliance) of the LV. In this setting, a S4 is often
heard.
6. A heart murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard
during a heartbeat. The sound is caused by turbulent (rough) blood
flow through the heart valves or near the heart….. Heart murmurs
can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired).
Some heart murmurs are harmless (innocent). An innocent heart
murmur is not a sign of heart disease and doesn't need treatment.
Other heart murmurs may be a sign of a serious heart condition. Tests
are needed to check the heart and heart valves. Heart murmur
treatment depends on the cause
Types of murmurs include:
Systolic murmur. This happens during a heart muscle contraction.
...
Diastolic murmur. This happens during heart muscle relaxation
between beats. ...
Continuous murmur. This happens throughout the cardiac cycle.
7.
8.
9. Ask the verbal consent from the patient if
conscious, follow patient privacy
start Examination with assessment or
observation , auscultation …
Do hand hygiene , clean stethoscope with
alcohol swab before & after usage
while assessing for low pitched sounds use
Diaphragm part of stethoscope & for High
pitched sounds use Bell of the stethoscope..
10. Start from A, P, T, M Manner ( aortic,
pulmonic, tricuspid & mitral valve manner )
If you any confusion call & reconfirm the
findings with your seniors ..
If any abnormality detected means inform
immediately to the doctors
Document the findings & procedure in your
notes
Say thanks to your patient , conclude the
procedure..
