Assignment of 5th semester done by me.

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Course no & Title: PC-118: Organization and Management of
Educational Institution.
An assignment On “An effective organization ,management and
leadership of a secondary school in Bangladesh:A critique.
Submitted To:
Dr. Abu Nayeem Mohammad Salahuddin
Associate professor,
Institute of Education & Research
University of Dhaka
Submitted BY:
Muhammad Ferdaus
Roll : 15084
Section : 2
Institute of Education & Research
University of Dhaka
Date of Submission : 21st
October 2017.

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Topics:
An effective organization, management, leadership of a
secondary school in Bangladesh: A critique

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1.Introduction:
We learn formal education from educational institution. There are many stages
in this formal way. School , college ,university are known for formal educational
institution. In the context of Bangladesh, primary and secondary education are
served by school. Secondary school is a school where students from class six to
class ten are learning . according to wikipedia, “A secondary school is both an
organization that provides secondary education and the building where this takes
place. Some secondary schools can provide both lower secondary
education and (upper) secondary education..”.
Organizational management , leadership is very important part of an organization
like school. Higher secondary school is a school where teen-aged students come
to learn education , ethics, values, norms etc. Organizational management is “ the
process of organizing , planning , leading and controlling resources within an
entity with the overall aim of achieving its objectives. The organizational
management of a business needs to be able to make decisions and resolve issue
in order to be both effective and beneficial. [1]
Secondary school as an effective institution, it should maintain a good balance in
management of total organ as long as the leading system. Good leadership and
prescient steps help the school in achieving success. In this context, we like to
discuss the topic.
Our description starts with an introduction. After this, we describe about a
institution ,its managing system, some criteria for achieving this honor . After
critical analyzation we will try to come a point of opinion and own views. With
the total sum up we will end this with conclusion.
1. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organizational-management.html

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2.Description of specific organizing and
management initiatives in the school:
I choose Sabsar High School , Paba , Rajshahi to discuss about its organizing and
managing initiatives. It is situated at the prominent Bargachi Unoion Parisad of
Rajshahi district. About 15 k.m. far away from main city of regional district , this
school increases its achievement in various sector. Many alumni’s of this school
are now established in their life. Though this success is not good compare to
famous school of city corporation area , its reputation is better than others in this
Union. It has own land about 2 acre including a playground . Around with
agricultural land its environment is very good. Sound pollution does not hamper
in teaching- learning process. It has infrastructure as one storeyed tin-shade
building.
The school has a school managing committee chaired by the union parisad
chairman. It works as the organizing committee of the school. We know that, the
government of Bangladesh recognized “School Managing Committee” (shortly
called by SMC) for circulating administrative work. This committee runs the
institution regarding some rules and regulations which is under the direction of
respective education board .

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Photo: Sabsar High School, Paba , Rajshahi.
Al Mamun, Mohammad Abdullah said about SMC that ,School Management
Committee (SMC) plays an important role by engaging local people in the
educational and development activities of primary schools. Thus it is a bridge
between the school and the local community. The SMC also plays vital role in the
school as both leaders and decision makers. Improving the performance or
increasing the effectiveness of SMC is inevitable for strengthening primary school
governance. Considering the effectiveness of the SMC, the objectives of this study
are to assess the role of SMCs in improving governance of primary schools in
Bangladesh. [2]
It consisted by 13 members. They can exercise some power like
(a) raise and manage funds and create endowments for the School;
(b) appoint, suspend, dismiss and remove teachers;
(c) grant leave other than casual leave;
(d) approve annual budget including development budget dealing with all
schemes of development;
2. http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/xmlui/handle/10361/3534

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(e) award free studentships ordinarily on the recommendation of the Teachers'
Council of the School;
(f) approve the list of holidays;
(g) deal with other relevant matters that may be brought before it for
consideration;
(h) provide adequate accommodation for the students and make all possible
efforts to provide residential accommodation for the staff;
(i) provide lands, buildings, playgrounds, books, laboratories, equipments,
scientific appliances and other teaching materials; etc. [3]
The SMC of this school tries to improve ICT- based learning. They found 4/5
laptop recently by the sponsor of ‘Dell Inc.’ . As many school this school is a
combined school .SMC are trying to make classroom more efficient. They served
some steps for enhancing infrastructural development and skill development of
the teachers.
This school is free from political collision. Generally all events arranged by head
teacher of this school by the help of his colleagues , parents and student. This
school takes some good initiatives like arranging a football match for differently
able person ( which is telecasted in television ) , a cultural ceremony for the
students , celebrating national day and so on. This type of initiative, creates a
great impression on the students mind to joyful learning and attending c-
curricular activities. Recently I have visited this school and attending a class with
other students in the classroom . Teacher treated his students like friend .
Sometimes he controls strictly and admonishes students to keep good
environment in classroom.
Organizing committee take responsibility to increase resources . Arranges Annual
audit meeting, keep good relations with teacher , secures connection with
governmental administrative body and local political leader and so on. In this
committee , members are eager for achieving longtime success .
3.http://www.educationboard.gov.bd/edb_rules_regulations_secondary_managing.php

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3. A literature based template of 5 key factors
in changing that school
After about two decades from establishment the school is developing day by
day. There are some reason for this change . We will discuss on some key factors.
(1)Effective Leadership
According to lexialarneing,com, Elizabeth Brooke says that an effective leader
should have four qualities, which are-
1. Organizational Knowledge
Effective leadership begins with extensive knowledge of the instructional
environment: individual student needs, strengths and weaknesses of staff
members, aspects of the instructional programs, student data, and schedules. It is
the manner in which school leaders weave these data sources together that they
lay the foundation for effective school leadership.
 Resource allocation
 Scheduling
 Professional development Funding and procurement
In this school the head master is a middle aged young man . He holds to this post
from about 12-15 years. He committed to achieve a good result in board
examinations,Though this school is not ranked on the top institutions.
2. Use of Data
Effective school leaders develop their organizational knowledge based, in large
part, on their understanding of student data. This includes the use of summative
data—analyzing outcome data in the spring to allocate resources and plan for the
upcoming school year—as well as a wealth of real-time formative data.
because when student data is closely examined on a frequent basis, teachers

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understand the importance of driving improvements on these performance
indicators.
3. Scheduling
High-performing schools consistently identify scheduling as one of the key factors
of their success. For purposes of this discussion, we will focus on schools’ efforts
to support an uninterrupted period of at least 90 minutes for reading instruction.
Schools place a priority on supporting differentiated, small group instruction for
struggling students. Therefore, in resource-constrained scenarios facing many
schools, effective scheduling helps maximize available support staff. This can be
accomplished in several ways.
In addition to scheduling dedicated instructional and intervention blocks, high-
performing schools place a high priority on scheduling data meetings. This
requires the allocation of sufficient time and resources, such as substitute
teachers, when necessary. Data meetings must be considered as equally
important to other aspects of the school day—particularly since the effective use
of data will inform nearly every other aspect of instruction.
4. Positive Beliefs and High Expectations
A factor that is often overlooked in effective schools is a culture of positive beliefs
and high expectations. [4]
We think this school is developing by the effort of head teacher. He is one of the
main leader of the organizing committee . Teachers are responsible to the duty . His
leadership as long as other teachers leadership is much more difficult to gain
success. He keep patience and trust in mind.as a result , the school comes in todays
position.
4.https://www.lexialearning.com/resources/white-papers/four-key-factors-effective-school-leadership

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2)Remuneration
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ,Remuneration is considered the tips
provided to an employee by an employer in exchange for the services performed;
not to be confused with giving (away), or donating, or the act of providing to. A
number of complementary benefits, however, are increasingly popular
remuneration mechanisms .Remuneration is one component of reward
management.
This is school is a non-government registered high school. Teachers are paid from
the budget of the ministry of the education. It was not sufficient to run their
family But now they like to satisfied after increasing of their honorium.
(3)Public Awareness
Many people of village are illiterate. But now they are sincere about the reading-
learning of their children. People send their son/daughter to school .This
tendency also helps a lot to achieve the development. Now many ex students
realize that , they should take steps to spread out public awareness . They helps
many students. This faith of mass people and their consciousness help to
changing the school.
(4)Inclusive Education and Equity
Inclusive education means that all students attend and are welcomed by their
neighborhood schools in age-appropriate, regular classes and are supported to
learn, contribute and participate in all aspects of the life of the school. [5] Equity
is the quality of being fair and impartial.
In this school students are from various religion, ethnic group and both boys and
girls. This inclusion and equity to all students helps students to learn eagerly with
no any abruptation. For habituating in this culture ,organizing committee
manages some occasion where all students-teachers-guardians are meet with
others and get used with equity.
5. www.inclusionbc.org/our-priority-areas/inclusive-education/what-inclusive-education

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(5)Stipends for girl students (also poor boy students)
Our government gives stipends to poor girl students. It motivates them to
learning. Child and early marriage are reducing for this opportunity. SMC take
extra care on them. Committee take some steps to help them as much as
possible. Many economically inefficient students are found full-free studentship
and donation which helps to success in there future life.
4. Critics of the initiatives
In previous section we describe about 5 initiatives. Which are-
a. Effective leadership
b. Remuneration
c. Public awareness
d. Inclusive education and equity
e. Stipends for girl students
This types of initiative helps students in their learning but implementation of this
kind of opportunity is more important.
Leaders are like torchbearer of their institution. They should be trustful person. In
the school which we mentioned in this discussion , leader is not highly educated
person. His power and influence make him the leader. We are not saying that, he
is imperfect . Rather he is better than other highly educated person. But he could
take better steps if he was highly educated person. Generally in our country, a
political person recognized as the leader. People respect them. But many of the
time this respect comes for their political status not from the heart. So we should
assure to differentiate between politics and educational institution .
When someone paid for their works properly , their hearts pour with satisfaction.
Mentioned school is a registered non government secondary school . 90 % of the
teachers salary are now paid by the government. All teachers are regular and
granted by authority. Teachers can concentrate fully in their teaching. On other
hand, many teachers of this kind of school is not found their salary because of
not in government grant.
Human are the main element of the society. Secondary school construct the mind
of adolescent period of a boy or girl. In this regard public awareness is very

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important issue. Many parents are not conscious about their children. They are
like disconnected with their children. This is frequently happened in urban area.
As it is an important matter, we should be more aware about the relationships
among teachers, students ,guardians and so on.
Learning done by student properly when they are found opportunity which they
need. In our country , son of affluent and powerful person treated specially. Many
prominent secondary school seek donations for admission to that school. Which
creates bad impression on students. Finally equity hampers in learning. Then
education will be definite for rich people only. On other hand , every student
belonged an individual entity. They need different method for best learning. So
teachers should maintain equity in classroom as all of the students can learn .
Stipends motivates students. But it should be more balanced. Many genius
students are dropped out from the secondary school for their family earning. Our
education system do not secures a good job. Most of the time people read a
subject ,which is not preferred by him/her. So we should assure a lot of job sector
and give scholarship, stipends etc. proportionately needy pupil.
“A leader volunteers to help and assist in areas where they are
needed. They carry themselves inside and outside of the school
with professionalism and dignity.”(6)
Though some lacking Sabsar High School is developing . Some initiative took place
behind the development. Among them , we already described some steps. All
have strong role to reach todays position. To improve this system we need to
secure its speed. After diminishing all the barriers (like corruption , unskilled
teacher recruitment, infrastructural problem etc.) we have to be cautious about
all kinds of threat. Then our achievement will make us happy.
6. https://www.thoughtco.com/how-school-administrator-can-be-effective-leader-3194569

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5.Conclusion
An effective organization , its management system and leadership of the
organization or the institution is very import subject. We should conscious about
this matter. Implementing necessary issues and related thing we have to monitor
it . According to Md Mostafizur Rahaman, the correspondent of The Daily Star -
The secondary education bodies have been managing a huge number of
schools (20,297 in 2015), where 243,117 teachers are providing education
to nearly 10 million students. The growth in girls' enrolment is
commendable. Girls now constitute 54 percent of secondary enrolment,
outnumbering boys. But of the huge number of secondary schools, there
are only 804 public management institutes. More than 96 percent are
privately managed. The number of schools is on the rise, butT classrooms
continue to be overcrowded and school buildings unsafe and inadequate. In
underserved areas, there are shortages of schools and classrooms. The
government provides subsidies to 15,984 of the total privately managed
schools. (7)
Maria Khwaja Bazi said also like me.i am totally appreciate his opinion. I am
strongly opposed it and want good and sound management in institution. The
opinion is
Corruption is not simply a “donor tax” in Bangladesh; in fact, it is the cause
of, among other things, insufficient university places, poor families
scrounging to send their children to schools that may or may not succeed,
and children being prevented from learning because of an inability to
pay.(8)
7.http://www.thedailystar.net/education-employment/secondary-education-long-way-go-
1366504?browserpush=trueFebruary 25, 2017
8.http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2015/06/02/when-corruption-becomes-oppression-
bangladesh; 2 june 2015

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6.Reference
1. http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2015/06/02/when-corruption-becomes-
oppression-bangladesh
2. Secondary education: A long way to go
3. The Daily Star-Feb 24, 2017
4. http://www.thedailystar.net/education-employment/secondary-education-
long-way-go-1366504?browserpush=true
5. https://www.oecd.org/berlin/43541674.pdf
6. http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2015/06/02/when-corruption-becomes-
oppression-bangladesh
7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280733878_Perceptions_of_Eff
ective_Leadership_in_Bangladesh_Secondary_Schools_Moving_towards_Di
stributed_Leadership
8. Rahman, Mohammod Mojibur ; Educational Administration

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Contents
1.Introduction: 3
2.Description of specific organizing and management initiatives in the school: 4
3. A literature based template of 5 key factors in changing that school 7
(1)Effective Leadership 7
1. Organizational Knowledge 7
2. Use of Data 7
3. Scheduling 8
4. Positive Beliefs and High Expectations 8
2)Remuneration 9
(3)Public Awareness 9
(4)Inclusive Education and Equity 9
(5)Stipends for girl students (also poor boy students) 10
4. Critics of the initiatives 10
5.Conclusion 12
6.Reference 13