FIBRE TO FABRIC

1. UNIT-3
FIBRE TO FABRIC
BY: MISS RITIMA
APS RAKHMUTHI

2. IMPORTANT TERMS
FIBRE: A FIBRE IS THE FORM OF MATERIAL WHICH IS AVAILABLE
IN THE FORM OF CONTINIOUS , THIN AND FLEXIBLE STRAND.
FABRIC: FABRIC IS CLOTH OR OTHER MATERIAL PRODUCED BY
WEAWING FIBRE.
LOOMS: MACHINE THAT IS USED FOR MAKING CLOTH BY
PASSING PIECES OF THREAD ACROSS AND OTHER PIECES.
KNITTING: KNITTING IS THE METHOD BY WHICH YARN IS
MANIPULATED TO CREATE A FABRIC. KNITTING IS DONE BY HAND
OR BY MACHINE.
WEAVING: IT ISA METHOD OF TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN WHICH
TWO DISTINCT SETS OF YARN OR THREADS ARE INTERLACED AT
RIGHT ANGLE TO FORM A FABRIC OR CLOTH.
GINNING: THE PROCESS OF SEPARATION OF COTTON SEEDS
FROM COTTON FIBRE.
SPINNING: THE PROCESS OF MAKING YARN FROM THE FIBRE IS
CALLED SPINNING.

3. HISTORY OF CLOTHING
 EARLY HUMANS COVERED THEIR BODIES WITH
LEAVES AND SKINS OF ANIMALS.
SLOWLY PEOPLE REALISED THAT THE MATERIAL
FROM THE COTTON PLANT COULD BE SPUN TO MAKE
FIBRE WHICH COULD BE USED TO WEAVE CLOTH.
INITIALLY SPINNING AND WEAVING WAS DONE BY
HANDS AND CLOTHES MADE WAS WORN WITHOUT
STICHING. BUT AFTER THE INVENTION OF STITCHING
NEEDLE PEOPLE STARTED STICHING FABRICS TO MAKE
CLOTHES. LATER , MACHINES WERE INVENTED TO
SPIN, WEAVE AND STICH CLOTHES.

4. PICTURE DEPICTING HISTORY OF
CLOTHING

5. VARIETY IN FABRICS
 FIBRES ARE OF TWO TYPES:
a. NATURAL FIBRES
b. SYNTHETIC FIBRES
NATURAL FIBRES: THE FIBRES THAT ARE OBTAINED
FROM PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE CALLED
NATURAL FIBRES.
EXAMPLE: COTTON , JUTE , SILK , WOOL.
SYNTHETIC FIBRES: THE FIBRES WHICH ARE NOT
OBTAINED FROM PLANTS AND ANILMALS BUT ARE
MAINLY MADE FROM PETROLEUM BY COMPLEX
CHEMICAL PROCESSES ARE CALLED SYNTHETIC
FIBRES.
EXAMPLE: NYLON , RAYON , POLYESTER , ACRYLIC
FIBRE.

7. ABOUT COTTON
 COTTON IS OBTAINED FROM THE COTTON BOLL
THAT GROWS ON COTTON PLANT.
IT IS OBTAINED FROM THE SOFT, WHITE, FLUFFY
COTTON FIBRE GROWING AROUND THE SEEDS OF
PLANT.
COTTON PLANTS ARE BEST GROWN IN PLACES
HAVING BLACK AND ALLUVIAL SOIL AND WARM
CLIMATE.
IN INDIA IT IS MAINLY GROWN IN PUNJAB,
HARYANA, MAHARASHTRA, MADHYA PRADESH,
RAJASTHAN AND TAMIL NAIDU.

8. .
THE FRUIT OF THE COTTON PLANT IS WALNUT
SIZED AND IS CALLED AS COTTON BOLL.
ON MATURING THE BOLLS BURST .
THE FIBRES ARE THEN SEPARATED FROM SEEDS BY
COMBING. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED AS GINNING.
EARLIER GINNING WAS DONE BY HANDS BUT NOW
MACHINES ARE USED FOR GINNING.
THE PROCESS OF MAKING YARN FROM THE FIBRE IS
CALLED SPINNING. FIBRES FROM THE BUNDLE OF
COTTON ARE DRAWNOUT AND THEN TWISTED TO
MAKE YARN.THIS PROCESS HOLDS FIBRES TOGETHER.
TRADITIONALLY SPINNING WAS DONE IN INDIA ON
HAND SPINDLE (TAKLI) OR SPINNING WHEEL
(CHARKHA) , NOW A DAYS SPINNING MACHINES ARE
USED.

9. YARN TO FABRIC
 THE TWO POPULAR PROCESSES BY WHICH YARN
IS MADE INTO FABRIC ARE WEAVING AND KNITTING.
WEAVING: THE PROCESS OF ARRANGING TWO SETS
OF YARN TO MAKE A FABRIC IS CALLED WEAVING.
WEAVING A FABRIC IS SIMILAR TO WEAVING TWO
SETS OF STRIPS OF PAPER , ONLY DIFFERENCE IS
THAT YARNS ARE MUCH THINNER THAN THE STRIPS.
WEAVING OF FABRIC IS DONE BY WEAVERS ON
MACHINES CALLED LOOMS.
THE LOOMS ARE EITHER HAND OPERATED OR
POWER OPERATED.

10. .
KNITTING: IN KNITTING A SINGLE YARN IS USED
TO MAKE A PEICE OF FABRIC. IT IS DONE EITHER
BY HAND OR ON MACHINES.
IF WE PULL A YARN FROM THE KNITTED SWEATER
THE WHOLE SWEATER CAN BE UNRAVELLED.
WEAVING KNITTING

11. ABOUT JUTE
JUTE IS OBTAINED FROM THE STEM OF THE JUTE
PLANT. IT IS ONE OF THE CHEAPEST NATURAL FIBRE.
IT IS MAINLY GROWN IN STATES OF BIHAR , WEST
BENGAL AND ASSAM IN INDIA DURING RAINY
SEASON.
IT GROWS BEST IN SANDY AND CLAYEY SOIL. IT IS
HARVESTED AFTER SIX MONTHS WHEN IT IS IN
FLOWERING STAGE.
THE STALKS OF THE HARVESTED PLANT ARE TIED IN
BUNDLES AND IMMERSED IN WATER FOR ABOUT 20
DAYS. THIS IS CALLED RETTING. THEY EMIT A BAD
SMELL AS THEY ROT. THE FIBRES ARE THEN
SEPARATED.

12. FEW FACTS
INDIA IS THE LARGEST PRODUCER OF JUTE IN
THE WORLD.
A MERINO SHEEP PRODUCES UPTO 18 KG OF
WOOL IN A YEAR.
FLAX IS OBTAINED FROM THE STEM OF THE
FLAX PLAN. THE FABRIC MADE FROM IT IS CALLED
LINES.
COIR IS THE COARSE FIBRE OBTAINED FROM
THE HUSK OF COCONUT. IT IS USED TO MAKE
DOOR MATS, ROPES , MATTRESSES etc.

13. ACTIVITY OF WEEK
COLLECT CUTTINGS OF LEFT OVER FABRICS . TRY
TO FEEL AND TOUCH THE CLOTH.
DO THEY FEEL DIFFERENT?
SEPARATE THE FIBRES INTO NATURAL OR
SYNTHETIC.
(PASTE 2 PICTURES OF EACH NATURAL FIBRE
AND SYNTHETIC FIBRE.)