In this chapter we have discussed that how fibre is converted into fabric and what are the processes involved.

1. FIBRE TO FABRIC
BHARAT GURUKUL

3. FABRICS AROUND US

4. FIBRE TO FABRIC
Fiber Yarn Fabric

5. WHAT IS FABRIC?

6. YARN/ THREAD-
• Yarn/ Thread- Hair like substance that is the basis of all yarns and fabrics.

7. FIBRE
• The thin strands of thread that are made up of still thinner strands
called fibres.
• Fabrics are made up of yarns and yarns are further made up of fibres.

8. DO IT BY YOURSELF

9. Where do these
fibres come from?

10. SOURCE OF FIBRES
• There are two sources of fibre- 1. Natural and 2. Human made
• The fibers of some fabrics such as cotton, jute, silk and wool are obtained from
plants and animals. These are called natural fibres.
Cotton Jute Silk Wool

11. ANIMAL FIBRES
•WOOL
• Wool is obtained from the fleece of sheep or goat also from the hairs
of rabbits, yak and camel.

12. •Silk
• Silk fibre is drawn from the cocoon of silk worm.
• Silk worm lives on the leaves of mulberry plants.
• The larva of silk moth secretes a sticky fluid which becomes silk fibre.
• The larva covers its body with silk fibre and turns into pupa. This protective covering is called as
cocoon.
• These cocoons are then boiled in water to get silk fibre.

13. SYNTHETIC FIBRES
• Fibres are also made from chemical substances, which are not obtained from
plant or animal sources. These are called synthetic fibres.
• Examples- polyester, nylon, acrylic.
Nylon Polyester Acrylic

14. Plant
Cotton
Jute
Animal
Wool
Silk
Synthetic
Polyester
Nylon
Acrylic

16. Where does this cotton
wool come from?

17. SOME PLANT FIBRES
• Cotton
• Cotton is grown in the fields.
• Cotton plants are usually grown at places having black soil and warm
climate.
• Fruit of the cotton plant are about the size of a lemon.
• After maturing, the balls burst open and the seeds covered with cotton
fibers can be seen.

18. • From these cotton balls, cotton is usually picked by hand.
• Fibres are then separated from the seeds by combing this process is called
ginning of cotton.

19. QUESTION FOR YOU
•Name some states of our country where
cotton is grown?

20. • Jute
• Obtained from stem of the jute plant.
• Cultivated during rainy season
• In India jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.
• It is normally harvested when it is at flowering stage.
• The stem of the harvested plants are immersed in water for a few days.
• The stem rot and fibers are separated by hands.

22. FIBRE TO YARN
• To make fabrics all these fibres are first converted into yarn

23. SPINNING COTTON YARN
• Spinning- the process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.
• A simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle also called takli.
Takli

24. • Another hand operated device used for spinning is charkha.
• Spinning of yarn on a large scale is done with the help of spinning machines.
• After spinning yarns are used for making fabrics.
Charkha Spinning by machine

25. YARN TO FABRIC
Two main process of making fabric with yarn are
1. Weaving
2. Knitting
• Weaving- the process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving.
• Weaving of fabric is done on looms the looms are either hand operated or power operated.

26. • Knitting – in knitting a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric.
• Knitting is done by hand and also on machines.

27. What materials
people used in ancient
times for clothes?

28. HISTORY OF CLOTHING MATERIAL
• Early man used bark and big leaves of trees or animal skin and furs to cover their bodies.
• After that they learnt to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets. Vines, animal fleece or
heir were twisted together into long strands these were woven into fabrics.
• The early Indians wore fabrics made out of cotton. In ancient Egypt cotton and flax were used
for making fabrics.
• But in those days stitching was unknown. People simply draped the fabrics around their bodies.
Even today unstitched clothes like sarees, dhotis, lungis or turbans are widely in use.
• When sewing needle was invented people learnt how to stitch fibres to make fabric. Stitched
clothes have gone through many variations since this invention.

29. HISTORY OF CLOTHING MATERIAL

30. SUMMARY
Cotton balls Fibre Yarn
Fabric
Ginning Spinning
WeavingKnitting

31. THANK YOU
BHARAT GURUKUL