The document discusses ceiling fans and how they help people cope with hot weather. It provides details on: 1) How ceiling fans work by rotating and pushing air downwards to create a downdraft that makes rooms cooler. 2) The key features of ceiling fans, such as blade design, width and length, that impact their performance. 3) The different types of ceiling fans, including standard and low profile fans, and how they are suited to different building heights.

1. Running Head: ASSIGNMENT 1 1
ASSIGNMENT 1 4
Assignment 1
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliations
Assignment 1
Natural processes of the environment often impose different
situations on the people who live in a given area. Environmental
processes result to environmental conditions which in turn form
the weather of a given area. During the weather conditions,
people face different challenges as each weather condition has
its own effects on people. Hot weather, for instance, gives
people a difficult time as they try to cope up with the high
temperatures. During hot temperatures, people experience a
great lack of comfortability due to the overrated levels of
warmth than the human body could require. It, therefore, makes
people be uncomfortable. As a result, people look for a solution
to enable them to become more comfortable with the weather.

2. People get very hot so they look for a solution to make their
environment colder so they could increase their level of
comfortability. People invent systems to make their rooms
cooler and make their stay more comfortable, avoid sweating
too much or getting burns due to increased warmth. High
temperatures expose people to sun burns which make their feel
painful. Additionally, people get thirsty very often which also
makes them uncomfortable.
When it is hot, people experience hardships in doing their daily
activities. When the sun is too hot, people always have
difficulties moving from one place to another as it burns them.
The property also tends to get damaged at a faster rate when it
is hot than when the temperatures are low. People tend to
perform their chores more slowly when it is hot as they get
fatigued more quickly. When it is hot, people get tired quickly
as their bodies try to deal with the increased heat that being
directed to them. Property, on the other hand, goes through
accelerated levels of wear and tear because of the heat. As a
result, people experience more losses that when it is cold. It,
therefore, gives people a burden of making sure that their
property is not exposed to high levels of heat. High
temperatures also give people headaches and rashes on the
ankles.
People try to find solutions to make their environments cooler,
make their lives easier and prevent their properties from tearing
and wearing. To make their rooms cooler, people could for
instance use cooling fans. Ceiling fans are generally designed to
perform the function of blowing cold air into a building which
reduces the prevailing temperatures (Ghosh, 2014). The ceiling
fans rotate continuously which then forms an air breeze in the
respective surroundings as well as enhancing the rate of the heat
transfer. A ceiling fan makes a room become cooler as the
increased rate at which it makes people to sweat. When people
sweat at a relatively high rate, the bodies undergo a cooling
process a bit faster than when there is no fan. Modern ceiling
fans cannot be closely compared to the old way of using a series

3. of paddles and motor which were used to push around the
needed amount of air. Modern ceiling fans in the present are
constructed with the aeronautical skills from the respective
engineers as well as fluid dynamists who participate to increase
the efficiency of ceiling fans (Ghosh, 2014). Aerodynamics
specialists also enable the engineers to make ceiling fans that
are quiet.
Ceiling fans are constructed with a number of features that
enable them to operate as well as perform their respective
purposes successfully. Some of the features that determine the
functionality of ceiling fans include its tip design and the length
of its blades among others. Fan blades perform the function of
turning and pushing air downwards which creates a downdraft
which in turn makes a room cooler Schaur, Gil. (2013). The
direction towards which the fan rotates determines the direction
it pushes air towards. The aerofoil of the blade’s cross section,
on the other hand, determine how smoothly the air from the
blade flows. A flow that is not smooth makes the amount of air
moved to reduce as well as making it noisy. Blades also need to
be even and smooth. Even and smooth blades enable the fan to
be more efficient.
A blade also performs its works depending on how its blade’s
tip is made. A fan’s blade tip should be turned upward to avoid
air to escape to the top surface. Additionally, the number of
blades that a ceiling fan has determined its functionality
(Schaur, 2013). Too many blades on a fan make the flow less
efficient as they risk them moving through the turbulence of
each other which results in a noisy rotation as well as reduced
efficiency. The standard number of blades on a fan can be 3-5.
Blades’ width and length also affect the performance of a fan.
Bigger blades tend to result to faster and noisier the tips rotate.
Large blades may also affect the room’s lighting plan. Narrow
blades also tend to function better than the wide blades. All the
functions of fan blades should aim at coming up with a fan that
has a high speed of rotation.
Standard ceiling fans provide their users with the efficiency of

4. being used in flat as well as sloped ceilings. Standard ceiling
fans can be used in buildings that are 8 feet or more so that they
are not less than 7 feet above the ground. Standard ceiling fans
tend to be more powerful than other types of ceiling fans which
make their uses wider as well (Bermudez, 2013). Standards fans
happen to be the best rated as they are more effective than the
other types of ceiling fans. Low profile ceiling fans, on the
other hand, are installed directly to fan’s mounting bracket.
Low profile ceiling fans can be used in rooms that have a height
of 8 feet or less so that they are placed not more than 7 feet
above the ground. Low profile ceiling fans tend to be less
powerful than the standard fans as they serve a shorter height
than the latter. The low profile fans could, therefore, be used at
home while the standard fans can be used in larger buildings
with more people (Bermudez, 2013).
Ceiling fans are mainly aimed at serving those people who live
in the tropical areas, deserts and the hot regions among other
places that tend to experience high temperatures. Ceiling fans
cannot be said to be made for a specific building or people of a
given occupation as people in all walks of life need to make
their environment conducive for their stay (Bermudez, 2013).
Ceiling fans can be used by people anywhere in any type of
building with its features regulated to suit the building it is
installed in. people specify the functionality they prefer on fans
and therefore they can choose the type of blade that they think
serves their interests in the best way. Office workers can use
ceiling fans to make the working environment comfortable
while hospitals can install fans to make patient’s environment
conducive to their recovery. People can also install fans at their
homes to make their lives more comfortable and avoid high
temperatures in their houses. Fans can also be used in machines
like computers to regulate their temperature when they are on
(Bermudez, 2013). The Emerson Carrera Grande Eco
Montecarlo turbine tends to be the most prominent brands of
standard ceiling fans. The Havells and Usha brands, on the
other hand, are the best for the low profile ceiling fans.

5. References
Bermudez, Mara. (2013). What are the Best Types of Fans for a
Home? Delmarfans.com.
Ghosh, Jyothir. (2014). How does the Ceiling Fan Create Air?
Quora.com.
Schaur, Gil. (2013). 5 Factors that Determine Ceiling Fan
Airflow. Blog.ceilingfan.com.
Running head: YOUR PROJECT TITLE HERE
Table of Contents
Action Research Project Overview
Introduction Overview
Methodology
References

6. Action Research Project Overview
The non-portfolio or non-internship action research project
involves actively researching a current technological problem or
issue. The problem or issue can be internal or external to a
business; however, the research requires fieldwork. This
project’s duration must be at least eight weeks (four, two-week
iterations of at least 40 hours of activity per iteration).
Introduction Overview
The introduction, as the minimum, is one to two pages long and
should not have an APA heading. The introduction must
include:
· A brief history/background of the business if the problem
involves a business or the background support for your
technological problem or issue if the problem does not involve a
business
· A discussion about the circumstances of the situation that you
plan to improve or change
· You may want to discuss, ‘what is wrong or deficient…and
why you think making changes will result in improvements.
Include why the improvement is of value to you (the
stakeholder)
· Refer to the assignment on Blackboard for additional
assignment criteria
Methodology
The methodology section of the paper, as a minimum, is two to

7. three pages long. Essentially, this section is a mini-research
paper defining and explaining the Action Research (AR)
Methodology including its application to technology research.
The methodology paper must include:
· Five (5) professional (subject matter experts) or scholarly
references
· A discussion about the history of AR and application/uses
along with its applicability to researching technology issues
· A transitional paragraph at the end of the section describing
how AR is an appropriate methodology for the research you are
doing
· Refer to the assignment on Blackboard for additional
assignment criteria
References
· Strict Professional References.
NOTE: Strict APA Format
NO PLAGIARISM (LESS THAN 10%)
IN TEXT CITATIONS ARE A MUST
YOUR PROJECT TITLE HERE 9

8. Project Title
Action Research
IST8101
Student Name
Running head: YOUR PROJECT TITLE HERE 1
Table of Contents
Action Research Project Overview 4
Introduction Overview 4
Methodology 5
Literature Review 6
Proposal 7
Iteration 1 7
Iteration 2 7
Iteration 3 8
Iteration 4 8
Iteration 5 8
Iteration 1 – Brainstorming 10
Plan 10
Action 12
Contact reporting. 12
Observation 13
Reflection 14
Iteration 2 - Division 15
Plan 15
Action 15
Observation 15
Reflection 16
Reflective Statement 17
References 18
Appendix A 19
Contact Reporting Form 19

9. List of Tables and Figures
Figure 1. Iteration flow diagram9
Figure A1. Contact Reporting Form19
Action Research Project Overview
The non-portfolio or non-internship action research project
involves actively researching a current technological problem or
issue. The problem or issue can be internal or external to a
business; however, the research requires fieldwork. This
project’s duration must be at least eight weeks (four, two-week
iterations of at least 40 hours of activity per iteration).
Introduction Overview
The introduction, as the minimum, is one to two pages long and
should not have an APA heading. The introduction must
include:
· A brief history/background of the business if the problem
involves a business or the background support for your
technological problem or issue if the problem does not involve a
business
· A discussion about the circumstances of the situation that you
plan to improve or change
· You may want to discuss, ‘what is wrong or deficient…a nd
why you think making changes will result in improvements.
Include why the improvement is of value to you (the
stakeholder)
· Refer to the assignment on Blackboard for additional
assignment criteria

10. Methodology
The methodology section of the paper, as a minimum, is two to
three pages long. Essentially, this section is a mini-research
paper defining and explaining the Action Research (AR)
Methodology including its application to technology research.
The methodology paper must include:
· Five (5) professional (subject matter experts) or scholarly
references
· A discussion about the history of AR and application/uses
along with its applicability to researching technology issues
· A transitional paragraph at the end of the section describing
how AR is an appropriate methodology for the research you are
doing
· Refer to the assignment on Blackboard for additional
assignment criteria
Literature Review
A literature review is a research paper about your topic.
This section, as the minimum, is three to four pages long using
a themed (topic sections) presentation approach with as much
detail as possible. Depending on your topic, specific examples
or literary support may be difficult to find. You may need to
use a surrogate (somewhat related) topic in order to complete
the literature review. For example, improving the ‘needs
assessment’ process in organization XYZ may not yield research
results, so you will need to generalize the topic. Generalizing
the topic could may require examining research on the value of
need assessments, the processes associated with needs
assessment, or how to a conduct needs assessment.
The literature review section/paper must include:
· At least eight (8) professional (subject matter expert) and/or
scholarly references
· Refer to the assignment on Blackboard for additional
assignment criteria

11. Proposal
The proposal section contains a high-level overview of your
project as laid out in a minimum of four iterations. Each
iteration should represent approximately two weeks, with a
minimum of 40 hours of activity in each iteration.
Do not try to layout your full plan at this point, keep this
to one or two paragraphs for each iteration description. At this
point, you should focus on the big picture.
Hypothetical situation…Let’s say your proposal deals with
improving the ‘needs assessment’ process in organization XYZ.
You know the process is weak and requires improvement, but do
not know what the weak points are or how to correct them. You
assume you will need the following iterations:Iteration 1
In iteration 1, you anticipate two or three brainstorming
sessions with representatives from each of the three divisions
with each session last a maximum of two hours. The session
discussions will include identifying current process flow, a gap
analysis, gathering process requirements, and communication
flow. In addition, the iteration will include compiling,
analyzing, and reporting the results of each brainstorming
session. At this point you can go into a little more detail but
not too much…keep this statement to one or two paragraphs.
Remember, this is an example and one meeting is not sufficient
for an iteration.Iteration 2
You expect there will be several one-hour follow up session
with each of the division representatives to discuss the outcome
of the brainstorming session, clarify information, and gather
more detail about their division’s requirements. Again keep
this to one or two paragraphs, I encourage you to focus on the
big picture.
Remember, this is an example and one meeting is not sufficient
for an iteration.Iteration 3
This iteration will be a two-hour follow-up meeting with the
three division representatives to discuss identified common

12. requirements, possible integration of requirements, and
discussion of how unique requirements will be managed at the
division level. The researcher will manage common and
integrated requirements, and the appropriate division must
manage unique requirements. At the conclusion of this meeting,
the division representatives will be tasked with formulating a
solution for all unique requirements.
Remember, this is an example and one meeting is not sufficient
for an iteration.Iteration 4
You need to fully analyze the feedback concerning the
requirements from each of the divisions. Then, document a
final process to collect ‘needs’ from each of the divisions,
Remember, this is an example and one meeting is not sufficient
for an iteration.Iteration 5
A final two-hour meeting is needed to present the new process.
Copies of the new process will be provided to each division.
Remember, this is an example and one meeting is not sufficient
for an iteration.
A figure, see Figure 1, showing at least four iterations of your
Action Research project’s flow must appear at the end of your
proposal. The figure shown here should be used as a template
for the information needed in the figure. Remember to revise
the information in each of the Iteration number blocks!
Figure 1. Iteration flow diagram
Iteration 1 – (Your Title Here) Plan
The plan section, as a minimum, is one page long, must describe
all YOUR planned activities needed to accomplish your first
iteration, and must represent approximately two weeks, or a
minimum of 40 hours, of activity. THE PLAN HAS TO BE
WRITTEN BEFORE ANY ACTION TAKES PLACE!!!
The plan must include:

13. · Description of each anticipated task for the iteration
· Description of the resources needed to accomplish each task
· Identification of people involved in each task
· The anticipated duration of each task
· The expected result or results from each task
Answering all the typical questions of Who, What, Where,
When, Why, and How for each task in the plan will provide a
good foundation for an effective plan. For example, you are
planning meetings; who should be invited and why, what
topic(s) will be discussed, what is the purpose of the meeting or
what do you intend to achieve, where is the meeting’s location,
when is the meeting, and why is this meeting important.
Moreover, what are the expected results from the meeting and
how do you intend on achieving the results.
If you develop an agenda for the meeting, either the agenda or
the contents of the agenda would normally be included as part
of the plan.
Suggestion: Take extra time in developing a detailed Plan
following the SMART Methodology, if you list five items in
your plan, and then you carry those five elements into each
activity for comments. For example, in the Plan you say ‘you
plan on completing internet research’, then in the Action - you
discuss the internet research, in the Outcomes - you list any
specific outcomes or analysis resulting from the internet
research, and then in the Reflections -you reflect on what you
learned as a result of the internet research. The plan sets the
stage for the entire iteration.
THIS IS THE PLAN!!!
Action
The action section, as the minimum, is one page long and

14. must represent approximately two weeks, or a minimum of 40
hours, of activity.
This section must describe the activities that actually took place
during the iteration, but most importantly, the section must
describe YOUR actions/activities during the iteration. For
example, your actions included a brainstorming session; who
attended (and who did not), was the agenda followed, were there
additional items for discussion added, or did the agenda take the
meeting in a different direction and what was the duration of the
meeting. In some instances, this may be very similar to the
meeting minutes.
Contact reporting.
Any action(s) involving personal communications (e.g., an
informal meeting, a hallway discussion or conversation, a
telephone call, text message, etc.) used as part of your research
requires documentation of the participants. This means you
must provide the first and last name, email address, phone
number, address, and the employer’s name of each person
involved in the personal communication. See Appendix A for
the contact reporting form. Failure to disclose any or all the
contact information may result in your inability to use the
personal communication as part of your action research.
Observation
This section, as the minimum, is one page long and must
represent approximately two weeks, or a minimum of 40 hours,
of activity
Observations must include the analysis and outcomes or results
of all actions/activities in the iteration with a focus on the
analysis and outcomes or results from YOUR actions/activities.
For example, your brainstorming session included documenting
the information presented by each participant (the action). The
observation or outcome from this action would be providing a
list of all the brainstorming results or latent feedback from each
participant. Additionally, you should include any analysis that
would occur because of the brainstorming.

15. Reflection
The reflection section, as a minimum, is one page long and must
represent approximately two weeks, or a minimum of 40 hours,
of activity.
This section is the most important section of your action
research paper. The iteration’s reflection section must:
· Examine what went well
· Examine what did not go well
· Explain what actions/processes could be improved
· Provide a self-critique yourself as well as the processes you
are applying
· Provide a critique of processes you applied during the
iteration
· Identify any restrictions, limitations, and risks associated with
the iteration and task accomplishment
· For example, if one of the key participant was not available to
attend the brainstorming session, you may want to think about
how you will meet and gather information from that person
(especially if the information is important to the process)
Iteration 2 – (Your Title Here)
Hypothetical example - one on one interview sessions
The Plan would address the - who, what, where, when, why, and
how regarding all three of the divisions. Since you would be
interviewing three different division representatives, you would
create one plan, but have three actions, three observations and
possibly three reflections (or one reflection that addresses
thoughts about each of the interviews). So it may look like:Plan
The plan may include a one page description of the division
representatives (may want to include specific influence),
anticipated questions or dialogue, as well as justification why
along with the meeting schedule (where, when, how long)Action
The action section could include a page detailing the interview

16. of each representative (e.g., one page with the interview of the
Operations representative, one page of the interview with the
Data/Telecom representative, and one page with the intervi ew
of the HR representative)Observation
The observation section could include a page detailing the
interview of each representative (e.g., one page with the
interview outcomes from the Operations representative, one
page with the interview outcomes from the Data/Telecom
representative, and one page with the interview outcomes from
the HR representative)
Reflection
The reflection section should include your perspective of all
three meetings:
· Examine what went well
· Examine what did not go well
· Explain what actions/processes could be improved
· Provide a self-critique yourself as well as the processes you
are applying
· Provide a critique of processes you applied during the
iteration
· Identify any restrictions, limitations, and risks associated with
the iteration and task accomplishment
The Action Research Project requires completing at least four,
two-week iterations or approximately 40 days of research.
Reflective Statement
The last component of your action research paper is a reflective
learning statement encompassing your complete experience.
The statement must present two aspects of your research. First,
the statement must summarize your experiences during the
process and, second, the statement must summarize your overall
learning during the process. Be sure to include any specific
achievements.

17. References
Appendix A
Contact Name

18. First
Last
Contact Number
Address
Email
Employer Name
Contact Name
First
Last
Contact Number
Address
Email
Employer Name
Contact Name
First
Last
Contact Number
Address

19. Email
Employer Name
Contact Name
First
Last
Contact Number
Address
Email
Employer Name
Contact Name
First
Last
Contact Number
Address
Email
Employer Name
Contact Name

20. First
Last
Contact Number
Address
Email
Employer Name
Figure A1. Contact Reporting Form
Iteration 1Brainstorming & Requirements
GatheringPlanAct/ActionsObservation/ResultsReflectionIteratio
n 2Divisional Meetings, Data Analysis, & Other
ResearchPlanAct/ActionsObservation/ResultsReflectionIteration
3Coordination Meetings & Data
AnalysisPlanAct/ActionsObservation/ResultsReflectionIteration
4Data Analysis &
DocumentationPlanAct/ActionsObservation/ResultsReflectionIt
eration 5Project Finalization, Report Finalization, & Findings
PresentationPlanAct/ActionsObservation/ResultsReflection
Iteration 1
Brainstorming & Requirements Gathering
Plan
Act/Actions
Observation
/Results
Reflection
Iteration 2
Divisional Meetings, Data Analysis, & Other Research
Plan
Act/Actions
Observation
/Results

21. Reflection
Iteration 3
Coordination Meetings & Data Analysis
Plan
Act/Actions
Observation
/Results
Reflection
Iteration 4
Data Analysis & Documentation
Plan
Act/Actions
Observation
/Results
Reflection
Iteration 5
Project Finalization, Report Finalization, & Findings
Presentation
Plan
Act/Actions
Observation
/Results
Reflection