understanding of heart

1. HEART
Anatomy Physiology

2. Location
• Between lungs
• Mediastinum
• Base – 2nd intercostal
• Posteriorly
• Apex and right ventricle
rest on diaphragm
• Apex – left and
downward

3. Size
• 10 – 12 cm long
• 9 cm wide
• Weighs 300 grams
• Size of owner’s fist

4. Wall
1- Endocardium
2- Myocardium
3- Pericardium
• Visceral Pericardium
• Parietal Pericardium
• Pericardial Fluid

5. Wall

6. Organ of membrane

7. Heart Chambers

8. Atrioventricular (AV)
valves
• Tricuspid – 3 flaps
• Bicuspids – 2 flaps
Semilunar valves
• Pulmonary – proximal
end of pulmonary
artery
• Aortic valve – proximal
end of aorta
Valve

9. Valve

10. Blood Flow

11. Blood Flow
• Vena Cava
– Takes de-oxygenated blood
– From the body, to the heart
• Pulmonary artery
– Takes de-oxygenated blood
– From heart, to lungs

12. Blood Flow
• Pulmonary vein
– Takes newly oxygenated blood
– From lungs, to heart
• Aorta
– Takes newly oxygenated blood
– Away from the heart, to the body

13. Circulatory system
Body
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Lungs
Left
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Body

14. The Conduction System

15. The Conduction System
• Myocardial – mechanical
• Pacemaker – electrical
• A series of specialized cardiac muscle cells
• Sinoatrial (SA) node sets the inherent rate of
contraction

16. Cardiac Physiology
The Cardiac Cycle
• Diastole
• Systole
– Ejection Fraction
– Stroke Volume
• Preload
• Cardiac Contractility
• Afterload
– Cardiac Output

17. Stroke volume-amount of blood ejected from a
ventricle with each heart beat-usually 60-100ml
Affected by:
• preload-force exerted by the blood on the
walls of the ventricles at the end of diastole
• afterload-resistance against which ventricle
must pump to eject blood
• contractility
Cardiac Physiology

18. Cardiac Physiology

20. Thank you