Crop science pest damage(orig)

1. PEST DAMAGE

2. Pest Damage
• Insects can become pests in the garden when
they cause damage to garden plants. The signs
of damage vary, typically depending on the
way that the insects feeds on the plant.

3. Different Pests Cause Different
Damage
Damage from insects with chewing mouthparts
typically appears on leaves or stems as ragged
edges, holes, or other missing tissue. Insects that
often cause chewing damage include caterpillars
and Eastern lubber grasshoppers.

4. Insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts have
strong mandibles that they move laterally to
often cause yellowing or browning on plants and
possible wilting. Examples include aphids, scales,
spider mites and whiteflies.

5. Pests Insects can also be classified by the types
of damage they cause. For example, defoliators
tend to feed variously and strip a plant nearly
bare. Many caterpillars fall into these category.
Other insects include leaf miners, with burrow
into the leaves of plants leaving tell-tale tunnels
in the leaves. One well-known leaf miner is the
citrus leaf miner, which is actually a larval of a
moth.

6. Gall makers insect all or part of their bodies into
plant tissue-- typically into leaves, stems or
twigs-- and cause the tissue swell. Examples
include blueberry Gall midge larvae the burrow
into leaves to feed and Gall wasps that deposit
their eggs into plant tissue.

7. Wood/Phloem borers include twig girdlers and
powerpost beetles that cause damage by
feeding on living wood and wooden structures.

8. Insects of rice that cause damage
• Black bug - remove the sap of the plant. They
can cause browning of leaves, deadhead, and
bugburn. Their damage also causes stunting in
plants, reduced tiller number, and formation
of whiteheads.

9. • Zigzag leafhoppers - Feeding damage of zigzag
leaf hopper causes the leaf tips to dry up, and
whole leaves to become orange and curled.

10. • Rice skipper - rice skipper feeding damage
causes removal of leaf tissues. They roll leaves
and make a protected chamber.

11. • Rice thrips - feeding damage caused by thrips
cause leaf curling and discoloration.

12. • Rice whorl maggot - the feeding damage of
whorl maggots causes yellow spots, white or
transparent patches and pinholes.

13. • Mealy bug - both adult and nymph mealybugs
remove plant sap by sucking. This results to
curling of leaves and wilting of plants.

14. • Mole Cricket - mole crickets feed on seeds,
tillers in mature plants, and roots. They can
plants at the base resulting to loss of plant
stand.

15. • Ant - Ants feed on rice and seedlings. Thier
feeding damage cause rice seed or plants to
be missing. It also affects plant stand, and
increases the incidence of disease vectored by
Homoptera insects such as planthoppers,
leafhoppers, mealybugs and aphids.

16. • Armyworm - feed on rice by cutting of leaves
and young seedlings at the plants base. They
can also cut off rice panicles from base.

17. • Green semilooper - young larvae of
semiloopers scrape the tissues from leaf
blades, while mature larvae feed on leaf edges
to create notches.

18. • Greenhorned caterpillars - larvae of
greenhorns caterpillars feed on leaf margins
and leaf blades. The feeding damage causes
removal of leaf tissues and veins.

19. • Rice bug - damage rice by sucking out the
contents of developing grains from pre-
flowering spikelets to soft dough stage,
therefore causing unfilled or empty grains and
discoloration.

20. • Planthoppers - High population of
planthoppers cause leaves to initially turn
orange-yellow before becoming brown and
drying. This condition called hopperburn, kills
the plant.

21. • Cutworm - young caterpillars of cutworm eat
the soft leaves of the rice plants. Fully grown
cutworms can consume the entire plant.

22. • Green leafhoppers - are the most common
leafhoppers in rice fields and are primarily
important because they spread the viral
disease ringtone. Both nymphs and adults
feed by extracting plant sap with their needle-
shaped mouthparts.

23. • Rice caseworm - rice caseworm or case
bearers cut off leaf tips to make leaf cases.
Their feeding damage can cut leaves at the
right angles as with a pair of scissors.

24. • Grasshopper (short-horned) and locust -
feeding damage caused by short-horned
grasshoppers and oriental migratory locusts
result to cut out areas on leaves and cut-off
panicles. They both feed on leaf margins.

25. • Rice gall midge - rice gall midge forms a
tubular gall at the base of tillers, causing
elongation of leaf sheaths called onion leaf or
silver shoot.

26. • Rice Hispa - rice hispa scrapes the upper
surface of leaf blades leaving only the lower
epidermis. It also tunnels through the leaf
tissues. When damage is severe, plant become
less vigorous.

27. • Stem borer - stem borer can destroy rice at
any stage of plant from seedling to maturity.
They feed upon tillers and causes deadhead or
drying of the central tiller, during vegetative
stage; and causes whiteheads at reproductive
stage.

28. • Root aphids - adult and nymphs root aphids
suck the plant to remove fluids. The feeding
damage causes yellowing of leaves and
stunting.

29. • Rice leaf folder - leaf folder caterpillars fold a
rice leaf around themselves and attach the
leaf margins together with silk strands. They
feed inside the folded leaf creating
longitudinal white and transparent streaks on
the blade.

30. References
• http://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/care/pe
sts-and-
diseases/pests/management/different-pests-
different-damage.html
• http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-
step-production/growth/pests-and-
diseases/insects

31. Quiz

32. 1. Insects have strong mandibles that they move
laterally to often cause yellowing or browning
on plants, and possible wilting. Example include
aphids.
a. Wood/Phloem Borer
b. Defoliator
c. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
d. Chewing mouthparts

33. 2. Insects that cause damage by feeding on
living wood and wooden structures.
a. Gall maker
b. Phloem borer
c. Pest Damage
d. Leaf miners

34. 3. Insects can become pests in the garden when
they cause damage to the garden plants.
a. Gall maker
b. Pest and Disease
c. Pest Damage
d. Chewing mouthparts

35. 4. Damage from insects typically appears on
leaves or stems as ragged edges, holes, or other
missing tissue. Example include caterpillar.
a. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
b. Chewing mouthparts
c. Defoliator
d. Leafminers

36. 5. Insects all or part of thier bodies into plant
tissue typically into leaves, stem, or twigs and
cause the tissue toswell. Example include
blueberry Gall midge larvae and gall wasps.
a. Gall maker
b. Phloem borer
c. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
d. Chewing mouthparts

37. 6 - 10. Give 5 examples of insects in rice that
cause damage.