Chapter 1

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Chapter Presentation
Transparencies
Lesson Starters
Standardized Test Prep
Visual Concepts
Resources

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Matter and Change
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Section 3 Elements

Lesson Starter
• How are the objects in this classroom related to the
study of chemistry?
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
ScienceChapter 1
• How many of your daily activities are related to
chemistry in some way?

Objectives
• Define chemistry.
• List examples of the branches of chemistry.
• Compare and contrast basic research, applied
research, and technological development.
ScienceChapter 1

Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure,
and properties of matter, the processes that matter
undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany
these processes.
ScienceChapter 1

Visual Concepts
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter 1
Chemistry

1. Organic chemistry—the study of most carbon-
containing compounds
2. Inorganic chemistry—the study of non-organic
substances, many of which have organic fragments
bonded to metals (organometallics)
3. Physical chemistry—the study of the properties and
changes of matter and their relation to energy
Branches of Chemistry
ScienceChapter 1

4. Analytical chemistry—the identification of the
components and composition of materials
5. Biochemistry—the study of substances and
processes occurring in living things
6. Theoretical chemistry—the use of mathematics and
computers to understand the principles behind
observed chemical behavior and to design and
predict the properties of new compounds
ScienceChapter 1

• A chemical is any substance that has a definite
composition.
• sucrose
• water
• carbon dioxide
ScienceChapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Chemical
Chapter 1

• Basic Research is carried out for the sake of
increasing knowledge.
• how and why a specific reaction occurs
• what the properties of a substance are
• the discovery of Teflon™
• Applied Research is generally carried out to solve a
problem.
• development of new refrigerants
ScienceChapter 1

• Technological Development typically involves the
production and use of products that improve our
quality of life.
• computers
• catalytic converters in cars
• biodegradable materials
• Basic research, applied research, and technological
development often overlap
ScienceChapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Types of Research
Chapter 1

Top Eight Chemicals Made in the United States
ScienceChapter 1

• Mass of deflated balloon ________________
• Mass of inflated balloon ________________
• The matter in the balloon must have a mass.
Chapter 1
Lesson Starter

Objectives
• Distinguish between the physical properties and
chemical properties of matter.
• Classify changes of matter as physical or chemical.
• Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states in terms of
particles.
Chapter 1

Objectives, continued
• Explain how the law of conservation of energy
applies to changes of matter.
• Distinguish between a mixture and a pure
substance.
Chapter 1

• Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an
object occupies.
• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space.
Matter
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Matter
Chapter 1

Basic Building Blocks of Matter
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
maintains the chemical identity of that element.
• An element is a pure substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler, stable substances and is
made of one type of atom.
• A compound is a substance that can be broken
down into simple stable substances. Each
compound is made from the atoms of two or more
elements that are chemically bonded.
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Atom
Chapter 1
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Element
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Molecule
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Compounds
Chapter 1

Basic Building Blocks of Matter, continued
Chapter 1

Properties and Changes in Matter
• Extensive properties depend on the amount of
matter that is present.
• volume
• mass
• the amount of energy in a substance.
Chapter 1

Properties and Changes in Matter
• Intensive properties do not depend on the amount
of matter present.
• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• ability to conduct electricity
• ability to transfer energy as heat
Chapter 1

Properties of Matter
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Comparing Extensive and Intensive Properties
Chapter 1

Physical Properties and Physical Changes
• A physical property is a characteristic that can be
observed or measured without changing the identity
of the substance.
• melting point and boiling point
• A physical change is a change in a substance that
does not involve a change in the identity of the
substance.
• grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling
Chapter 1

Physical Properties and Physical Changes,
continued
• A change of state is a physical change of a
substance from one state to another.
• states of matter—solid state, liquid state, gas state,
plasma
• In the solid state, matter has definite volume and
definite shape.
• In the liquid state, matter has a definite volume but
an indefinite shape.
Chapter 1

• In the gas state, matter has neither definite volume
nor definite shape.
• Plasma is a high-temperature physical state of
matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons,
particles that make up atoms.
Physical Properties and Physical Changes,
continued
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Liquid
Chapter 1
QuickTime™ and a

Visual Concepts
Gas
Chapter 1
QuickTime™ and a

Visual Concepts
Plasma
Chapter 1

Water in Three States
Chapter 1

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
• A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability
to undergo changes that transform it into different
substances
• A change in which one or more substances are
converted into different substances is called a
chemical change or chemical reaction.
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Chemical Reaction
Chapter 1
QuickTime™ and a

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes,
continued
• The reactants are the substances that react in a
chemical change.
• The products are the substances that are formed by
the chemical change.
Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide.
Chapter 1
reactants product
carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide

Evidence of a Chemical Change
Chapter 1

Electrolysis of Water
Chapter 1

Comparison of Physical and Chemical
Properties
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Comparing Chemical and Physical Changes
Chapter 1

Energy and Changes in Matter
• Energy is always involved when physical or chemical
changes occur.
• Energy can be in various forms.
• heat
• light
• Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it
is not destroyed or created.
• law of conservation of energy
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Energy and Chemical Reactions
Chapter 1

Classification of Matter
Chapter 1

Visual Concepts
Visual Concept
Classification Scheme for Matter
Chapter 1

Classifying Matter
Chapter 1

Classification of Matter
• A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter,
each of which retains its own identity and properties.
• mixed together physically
• can usually be separated
• Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions
• uniform in composition (salt-water solution)
• Heterogeneous mixtures
• not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)
Chapter 1

Types of Mixtures
Chapter 1

Pure Substances
• A pure substance has a fixed composition.
• Pure substances are either compounds or elements.
• A pure substance differs from a mixture in the
following ways:
• Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the
same characteristic properties.
• Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the
same composition.
• Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by
mass.
Chapter 1

Laboratory Chemicals and Purity
Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Examples of Mixtures

Objectives
• Use a periodic table to name elements, given their
symbols.
• Use a periodic table to write the symbols of
elements, given their names.
• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table.
• List the characteristics that distinguish metals,
nonmetals, and metalloids.
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Introduction to the Periodic Table
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1
Regions of the Periodic Table

Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The vertical columns of the periodic table are called
groups, or families.
• Each group contains elements with similar
chemical properties.
• The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table
are called periods.
• Physical and chemical properties change
somewhat regularly across a period.
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Types of Elements
Metals
• A metal is an element that is a good electrical
conductor and a good heat conductor.
• Properties of metals
• most are solids at room temperature
• malleable - they can be hammered or rolled
into thin sheets
• ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire
• conduct electricity and heat well
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Types of Elements
• Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Types of Elements
Nonmetals
• A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of
heat and electricity.
• Properties of nonmetals
• many are gases
• solids are brittle
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Types of Elements
• Various nonmetal elements
(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Types of Elements
Metalloids
• A metalloid is an element that has some
characteristics of metals and some characteristics of
nonmetals.
• Properties of metalloids
• all metalloids are solids at room temperature
• semiconductors of electricity
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

Types of Elements
Noble Gases
• elements in Group 18 of the periodic table
• generally unreactive
• gases at room temperature
Section 3 Elements
Chapter 1

End of Chapter 1 Show

Multiple Choice
1. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce
magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The
reactants in this reaction are
A. magnesium and magnesium chloride.
B. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen gas.
C. magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
D. magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
Chapter 1
2. Matter that has a definite shape and a definite
volume is
A. a liquid.
B. an element.
C. a solid.
D. a gas.

3. We know that air is a mixture and not a compound
because
A. it can be heated to a higher temperature.
B. it can be compressed to a smaller volume.
C. it is colorless.
D. its composition can vary.
Chapter 1
Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice
3. We know that air is a mixture and not a compound
because
A. it can be heated to a higher temperature.
B. it can be compressed to a smaller volume.
C. it is colorless.
D. its composition can vary.
Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
Chapter 1
4. Matter can be defined as anything that
A. has weight.
B. has mass and volume.
C. is uniform throughout.
D. exhibits both chemical and physical properties.

Multiple Choice
Chapter 1
5. Which of the following is best classified as a
homogeneous mixture?
A. pizza
B. blood
C. hot tea
D. copper wire

Multiple Choice
5. Which of the following is best classified as a
homogeneous mixture?
A. pizza
B. blood
C. hot tea
D. copper wire
Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
6. A compound differs from a mixture in that a
compound
A. contains only one element.
B. varies in chemical composition depending on the
sample size.
C. has a definite composition by mass of the
elements that the compound contains.
D. can be classified as either heterogeneous or
homogeneous.
Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
7. Which of the following is not a physical state of
matter?
A. solid
B. gas
C. element
D. liquid
Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
8. Three of the following must contain two or more kinds
of atoms. Which one does not contain two or more
kinds of atoms?
A. element
B. compound
C. homogeneous mixture
D. heterogeneous mixture
Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
9. Which of the following symbols does not match the
element name given?
A. Al, aluminum
B. Co, copper
C. K, potassium
D. P, phosphorus
Chapter 1

Short Answer
10. Give three examples of mixtures, and tell whether
each one is homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give
three examples of compounds.
Chapter 1

Short Answer
10. Give three examples of mixtures, and tell whether
each one is homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give
three examples of compounds.
Answer: Answers will vary.
Chapter 1

Short Answer
11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we
observe the following properties. Tell whether each
one is a chemical property or a physical property.
A. Its mass is 124.3 g.
B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature.
C. It is easily etched by nitric acid.
D. It melts when heated to 670°C.
E. It is 31.7 centimeters long.
F. It is a good heat conductor.
G. It burns in air.
H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy.
Chapter 1

Short Answer
11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we
observe the following properties. Tell whether each
one is a chemical property or a physical property.
A. Its mass is 124.3 g. physical property
B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature. physical property
C. It is easily etched by nitric acid. chemical property
D. It melts when heated to 670°C. physical property
E. It is 31.7 centimeters long. physical property
F. It is a good heat conductor. physical property
G. It burns in air. chemical property
H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy. physical property
Chapter 1

Extended Response
12. Describe the difference between a chemical change
and a physical change. Give one example of each
kind of change.
Chapter 1

Extended Response
12. Describe the difference between a chemical change
and a physical change. Give one example of each
kind of change.
Answer: In a chemical change, one or more substances
are converted into different substances. A physical
change does not involve a change in the identity of
the substance or substances present. Examples of
each kind of change will vary.
Chapter 1

Extended Response
Chapter 1
13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids.

13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids.
Answer:
metals: shiny; good conductors of heat; good conductors of
electricity; malleable or ductile; most are solids at room
temperature
nonmetals: poor conductors of heat; poor conductors of
electricity; many are gases at room temperature; those that are
solids are brittle rather than malleable or ductile
metalloids: properties intermediate between those of metals and
nonmetals; less malleable than metals but not as brittle as solid
nonmetals; most are semiconductors of electricity
Chapter 1
Extended Response

Chapter 1

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