A short and simple powerpoint presentation that takes viewers through The Argumentative Environment and helps understand all that is involved towards the topic.

1. The Argumentative
Environment
By: Lianna Sultanyan

2. Greek Foundation for
Argumentation
-The first society that needed the skill of argumentation
were the Greeks.
-Those who became specialists in arguing were called
SOPHISTS.
- Sophists were intelligent people that gave lectures and
emphasized the need to learn effective rhetorical
techniques

3. Logos-Pathos-Ethos
Logos means logic and is the use of reason to support
during decision making. It is the information used to prove
an arguments validity and point.
Pathos Means emotion, and is the emotional impact of the
message. It is the use of emotional and motivational
appeals to support a decision.
Ethos is the source that supports the conclusion.

4. Pathos
Logos Ethos
EXAMPLES

5. Logos: Logic-Reason-Proof
Pathos: Emotions-Value
Ethos:Trust-Credibility
Three Elements Of Proof

6. Cicero’s Five Canons Of
Oratory
1. Invention: the attempt of audience analysis.
2. Arrangement: The way a presentation is presented
and ordered.
3. Expression: The word choice used to send a
message to the audience.
4. Memory: The depth of Knowledge of the subject
processed by the advocate.
5. Delivery: The most important. This is the way the
advocate conducts his or herself.

7. Toulmin Approach To Argument
• Claim
• Grounds
• Warrants
• Backing
• Reservations/Rebuttal
• Qualifiers

8. Claim: the claim is the main point, it is a statement where
you ask a question.
Grounds: These are the reasons given tat support the
claim. It is made up of data and facts giving the reasoning
for the claim.
Warrants: This is the logic that links towards the claim by
presenting the relevancy of the grounds.

9. Backing: This is the additional support given to grounds and
warrant by the specific data it gives.
Reservations/Rebuttal: These are the “unlesses” towards the
warrant. Reservations don’t change the wording of the Warrant.
Qualifiers: This is where the qulifier indicates and qualifies (tone
down) the claim with expression like few, many, probably, some
or rarely etc.

10. Toulmin Model Of Arguement

11. References:
-
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiloanI8ZXQAhV
D52MKHXPtAbkQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhappyapplethoughts.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F11%2Fm
odeling-
communication.html&bvm=bv.137904068,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNHQUkQMYlNwwWXw73m31uXCOhQCPw
&ust=1478580962213376
-Communicating CriticalThinking by Jack Sterk and Jim Marteney Book
- http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
FhlbZV7SXac/UkEED7Pd5DI/AAAAAAAAABA/dw0fAhGvx_0/s1600/gun+with+cigars.png
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahU
KEwi1oJ-X07PQAhWIwVQKHSbPCU4QjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haikudeck.com%2Fethos-
pathos--logos-education-presentation-
Og2tNDOZsL&bvm=bv.139250283,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNFSjfMJ5fFYDPmdreCReFpvMz5-
Mw&ust=1479601508149042
https://www.google.com/url?
-
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKE
wi154Wg07PQAhVmi1QKHfl_AJAQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fplano88.org
%2Fmrs-walters%2Fe2h-student-work-examples%2Fenglishii-b4-
studentsubmissionsofrhetoric&bvm=bv.139250283,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNHcQP3lX6-
RWTHqcopaIDEMzcxhiA&ust=1479601339846229