Rules for Handling of Quotations

1. Rules for Handling
of Quotations
Lea Jean S. Sumayan

2. According to Campbell, quotations have
three purposes in writing:
1. To convey information;
2. To susbtantiate a point by using the
words of an accepted authority; and
3. To amplify a discussion by presenting the
thinking of those who hold the same or
different views regarding the point being
made.

3. Kinds of Quotation
 Indirect quotation (paraphrased)
 Direct quotation (verbatim)

4. General Considerations
A substantial portion of research data
are embodied in quotations.
Quotations may contain opinion,
decision, or figure any of which that will
make the body of the dissertation
meaningful and enlightning to the reader.
The quotation must have relation to
the textual discussion, and they must
contribute to the substance of the thesis.

5. General Considerations
Another important consideration,
according to Campbell states that “alleged
tacts and conclusions, even from high
authority, should not be accepted at face
value, without personal confirmation.”
This means that the researcher should
investigate the validity of the citation.

6. General Considerations
Whether a given passage should be
paraphrased is a matter that should be
decided by the researcher himself, taking
into account that while direct quotations do
lend authority to the thesis.
A good judgement must, in all cases
undeline the whole process of selection and
use.

7. Suggestions by Gatner and Cordasco
1. Generally, quotations should be placed in
quotation marks and double-spaced,
forming an immediate part of the text.
2. If a quotation is of considerable length
(more than three of four lines) it should
be single-spaced and indented at least
hald an inch to the right of the normal
margin.

8. Suggestions by Gatner and Cordasco
3. Single-spaced, indented quotations
should not be enclosed in quotation marks.
4. When quotation marks are not used, the
fact that the material is a quotation must be
made evident by immeditae context.

9. Cole and Bigelow`s Rules for the Handling of Quotations
1. Quotations should be carefully checked.
2. The punctuation, spelling, and capitalization
of the original author should be followed
meticulously.
3. Omissions may be made freely, provide care
is taken to preserve the exact meaning of
the original passage.
4. Any word, words, or punctuation marks
introduced into a quotation by quoting
writer must be enclosed in square brackets.
[ ]

10. Cole and Bigelow`s Rules for the Handling of Quotations
5. If the quoting author italicizes any portion
of a quotation, he should add the phrase to
the footnote reference.
6. Every quotation should be set within
quotation marks.
7. Quotations within quotations up to any
number, should be indicated by the
alternation of single and double quotation
marks.

11. Cole and Bigelow`s Rules for the Handling of Quotations
8. If the quoted passage exceeds five or six
line in length, it is best to set off from the
body of the article by single-spacing and
special indention.
9. The exact source of every quotation
should be cited in a footnote-reference.

12. Samples of Direct Quotation and Indirect Quotation
 Direct Quotation
“This radio may be over 70 years old,” said
the owner of the antique shop.
 Indirect Quotation (paraphrase)
The owner of the antique shop said that the
radio might be over 70 years old.