Angina pectoris is a medical condition resulting in chest pain or discomfort.

1. Angina Pectoris

2. Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is a medical condition resulting in chest
pain or discomfort. Angina pectoris occurs when the heart
is not getting enough blood supply. The oxygen rich blood
is not able to reach the heart due to the buildup of plaque,
which results in narrowing of coronary arteries. Lack of
proper blood supply to the heart increases the risk of pain,
heart attack, stroke, and other coronary artery diseases.
However, the pain related to angina is temporary, but if left
untreated can make serious heart complications inevitable.
There are two types of angina pectoris:
Stable Angina- It occurs when a patient is involved in some
kind of physical activity like exercise. During physical
activity, the heart becomes overactive often leading to pain
in the chest. Stable Angina is also known as chronic angina,
as it follows a regular pattern.

3. Angina Pectoris
Unstable Angina- It can occur anytime, even when a person
is resting. Unstable angina is less common than the stable
angina, but can get worse over time and may lead to a heart
attack.
There is another type of rare Angina known as Variant
angina, which occurs due to unusual narrowing down of
blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.
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4. Risk factors of Angina Pectoris
Patients with coronary artery disease are at
greater risk of angina. Some common risk factors of
angina include:
 Uncontrolled diabetes
 High level of bad cholesterol
 Obesity
 Excessive alcohol consumption
 Smoking
 Physical inactivity
 Having a history of Cardiovascular disease
 Unhealthy work out
 Living in extreme hot or cold conditions

5. Symptoms
Pain and discomfort in the chest is a most common
symptom of angina. A patient with angina pectoris may also
feel squeezing of the chest, pressure, heaviness, tightening,
and burning sensation around the chest. The pain during
angina can spread up to neck, shoulder, and arms. The
symptoms of stable angina last from a few seconds to 15
minutes. Some other symptoms of angina pectoris are:
 Fatigue
 Dizziness
 Anxiety
 Nausea
 Abnormal sweating
 Breathing problems
 Heartburn
 Indigestion

6. Diagnosis of Angina Pectoris
The doctor will a study the medical history of a patient
and may perform a physical test, which will include
checking of the patient’s blood pressure, heartbeat,
and pulse. The doctor may also run tests to diagnose
angina. Diagnostic tests for angina may include:
Angiography- Is an imaging technique that allows
doctor to see the patient’s blood vessels. The
angiography exam reveals which artery is affected.
Electrocardiogram- Determines the electrical activity
of the heart and measures the rhythm of the heart.
Blood tests- To measure the levels of cholesterol,
fats, diabetes, and proteins.

7. Treatments
The goal of the angina pectoris treatment is to
provide relief from the painful symptoms and to
reduce the risks of heart attack. The treatment of
angina includes medications, surgery, and
lifestyle changes.
Medications
The patient of angina pectoris is often prescribed
with nitrates. Nitrates help in reducing the
frequency of angina attacks by relaxing and
widening blood vessels. A patient may also be,
given beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers,
anticoagulants, and high blood
pressure medications. These medications lower
the blood pressure, ease the chest discomfort,
and prevent blood from clotting.

8. Treatments
Surgery
If medicinal treatment is not giving desired results, surgical
procedures are required to treat angina. The most common
surgical procedure used for the treatment of angina is
angioplasty, which is also known as stent procedure. The stent
is permanently placed in the patient’s artery to prevent it from
blockage. The stent keeps the passage open, allowing blood to
flow easily.
Lifestyle changes
 Avoid smoking
 Controlling weight
 Controlling diabetes and cholesterol
 Rest
 Avoiding alcohol
 Healthy diet
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