Tagging for Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI)

1. The Industry’s Most Experienced, Quality Supplier of RFID Innovations,
Technologies and Products
™
RFID Benefits for Vehicle Based Applications

2. AVI
Taggingfor Automatic
VehicleIdentification

3. What is AVI?
• Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI)
o Electronically and automatically identify individual vehicles
o Validate their status and authenticate their details
• Technologies associated with AVI
o Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology
o Optical - Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) - has some issues
• AVI is not a single application!

4. AVI Applications
• Electronic Vehicle Registration (EVR)
• Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
• Access Control
o Parking
• Enforcement and Compliance
• Traffic flow management
o Average speed monitoring
o Congestion flow management or peak-time charging
o Public transportation journey time management
• Loyalty
o Automobile service, car washing, sales
• Vehicle Management/Control
o Waste management
o Public transport journey time management
o Automated vehicles

5. Why AVI?
• Time
o Automatically identifies a vehicle and validates privileges without human
intervention
• Money
o Cost savings through greater automation and compliance
o Fast return on investment
• Fewer resources/man power
o Enforcement is automatic; system never sleeps
• Visibility
o Readers placed where ever 100% visibility needed, toll/parking gates, borders etc
• Compliance
o Expired registrations quickly identified
o Avoids a registration for a low-value vehicle being placed on a higher value vehicle
• Security
o Improved law enforcement benefits via detection of “wanted” vehicles
o Detection/tracking of vehicles (and their contents) across borders
• Traffic Management
o Better understanding and management/optimization of traffic flow

6. Why RFID?
• Greater read distances compared to other
technologies
o Well over 10 meters and in some implementations
30 meters
• More weather resistant
o Automatic License Plate Recognition fooled by fog,
smoke, mud of license plates and other poor
weather
• Reduces manpower
o Read locations are un-manned and automated
• Unique Serial Number
o Each tag contains a unique and unalterable serial
number
o Creates a one-to-one match between the vehicle
and the tag
o This 1x1 match can not be manipulated
RFID still works, even when optical
solution don’t

7. AVI “Passive” RFID Tags
• Passive UHF RFID
• Passive only draws power to transmit when
within the range of the reader
• No batteries to worry about
• Economical to implement and maintain
• Can be placed on a headlamp or inside
windshield
• However, the system is at risk unless physical
tag security is employed
o Tags could be moved to unauthorized vehicles,
shared, swapped etc
• Hence, most EVR solutions use tamper
evident tags
o Avoids fraud, theft or national security concerns

8. Why Alien?
• Tag design experts: We design specialized glass tuned tags
• IC experts: Authentication and serialization
• AVI Expertise:
o Understand required real world testing conditions: 140 miles / 225
kilometers per hour; all weather conditions (rain, ice, heat and cold)
o Understand tag type and placement: Headlamp Tags; Windshield Tags
o Understand AVI reader requirements: robustness vs read speeds
o Understand regulatory requirements
o Understand read rate needs/accuracy: 99.8% at low-power or 99.95%
at high-power
• What is cost of replacing a damaged or non-functioning tag?
For Government and Citizens alike:
o Time and Money (more than the cost of tag)
o Embarrassment

9. Solution Requirements for Effective AVI
• Authentication: Dynamic Authentication + Custom TID
• Serialization: Part of the Custom TID
• Tamper-Evidence: Physical side provided by Alien partners
Genuine
Asset
AUTHENTICATION &
ENCRYPTION
Proves that a tag is genuine
SERIALIZATION
Proves application of correct tag
TAMPER EVIDENCE
Indicates whether tag has been
manipulated

10. Authentication: Dynamic Authentication
• Authentication normally rely on digital codes or encryption that can also be copied or
hacked.
• Aliens Dynamic Authentication uses the “non-digital” behavior of the chip
o Creates a non-digital finger-print that is unique to each chip
o As this is not digital, duplicating the chip does not duplicate this behavior.
o As it is not digital it is not copyable through normal reverse engineering.
o This makes cloning of Alien tags “next to impossible”
• Encryption “encodes” data so that it is of no use to those without a code key
o Once the item is authenticated, THEN decryption can be used to decode the data
o The authenticated device serial number + passcode = decrypted data
Genuine
Asset
AUTHENTICATION &
ENCRYPTION
Proves that a tag is genuine
SERIALIZATION
Proves application of correct tag
TAMPER EVIDENCE
Indicates whether tag has been
manipulated

11. Challenge/response
insures that tag and
the reader are
authentic and have
not been tampered
with
Authentication: RF & Communication Authentication

12. Customer TID Serialization
• Every UHF RFID chip as a permanent unique serial number “UTID”
• However, Alien offers it’s chip customers a “customizable UTID”
o Serial number set into the chip during the manufacturing process
o Not in EPROM – completely unalterable
o Adds encrypted customer proprietary data or digital serial number
o Adds a digital signature unique to each vendor
o Cross checking these add additional validation/authentication
o Also provide unique serial ID for that vendor
Genuine
Asset
AUTHENTICATION &
ENCRYPTION
Proves that a tag is genuine
SERIALIZATION
Proves application of correct tag
TAMPER EVIDENCE
Indicates whether tag has been
manipulated

13. TID Serialization:
Alien Advantage: Custom TID
A mechanism for Alien AVI customers to own a company unique
TID serial number range just for them
o 268M serial numbers (per tester) per “chunk”
o Minimum order size for custom TID = 5MU

14. Tamper Evidence
• Alien partners build “Break-on-removal” designs some with
additional taggant schemes
• All based on either Higgs IC’s or on Alien Inlays (with Higgs IC’s)
Genuine
Asset
AUTHENTICATION &
ENCRYPTION
Proves that a tag is genuine
SERIALIZATION
Proves application of correct tag
TAMPER EVIDENCE
Indicates whether tag has been
manipulated

15. RFID Readers
Vehicle Detection System
EVR Database
& Violation
Processing
System
Optical Character
Recognition System
Lane Controller
RFID Readers
RFID Readers
Vehicle Detection System
Optional Optical Character
Recognition System (Fixed or
vehicle mounted)
Central Database
Handheld RFID
Reader
EVR Database &
Violation Processing
System
AVI/EVR System Components

16. RFID Components of the AVI System
• Readers
o Provide power to the tag
o Interrogate the tag serial number and
User memory
• Tag
o Contains tuned antenna for the
application
• For use at high speed
• For use on metal or glass surfaces
o An RFID IC
• Non alterable Unique serial
number (customizable by Alien at
manufacturing time if required)
• User memory may contain other
useful application specific data
o Engine number
o Frame number
o Tire installation date
o Service dates
• Location, location, location
o Tag and reader placement
Windshield Tag/Mounting
Headlamp Tag/Mounting
License Plate
Tag/Mounting

17. Electronic Vehicle Registration (EVR)
• Electronic Vehicle Registration is:
o The increased automation of the
registration process
o Electronic insurance and/or “Warrant of
Fitness” validation
o The automation of the validation process
when a registration is checked
o The use of computer systems and
“Automatic Identification” Technologies to
identify vehicles
• With the benefits of:
o The reduction in road user time and effort
to register
o The increased percentage of registered
road users
o Less police time for enforcement
o All the cost savings and increased revenue
these benefits bring
o Less “hassle” for the road user

18. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
• Electronic Toll Collection is
o The use of increased automation
to identify valid road users and
collect tolls (also electronically)
• With the Benefits of
o Eliminate the delay on toll roads by
collecting tolls electronically
o Alerts enforcers for those that are
not enrolled in the system (ALPR
can be used to automate this)
o Electronically debits the accounts
of registered car owners without
requiring them to stop

19. • Public transportation
journey time management
o Use of RFID to optimize routes
and equipment location
o Allows real-time monitoring and
route changes
• Intelligent congestion flow
management systems
• Congestion or peak-time charges
• Average speed monitoring
o Use of timing vehicles between two
points (used a lot in Europe)
o Allows changeable average speed zones
o Automates the enforcement
Traffic Flow Management

20. • Commercial Vehicle tracking e.g. waste management
• Manage:
o Vehicle access to facility
o Routing within the facility
o Load size logging
o Fuel charging
o Vehicle maintenance
schedules
Traffic Flow Management
• Benefits:
o Reduce errors (delivery to wrong drop-
point, wrong facility…)
o Reduce time within the facility
o Optimize vehicle productivity
o Automate goods drop off

21. Access Control and Parking
• Access Control and Parking is
o Control of access in and/or out of facilities
• Parking lots, offices, apartments, airports, government facilities
o Parking and permit automation and enforcement
o Automation of charges associated with this
• With the Benefits of
o Reduced manpower at entry/exits
o Accuracy of authorized access e.g. certain vehicles on certain floors
o Automation of parking charges

22. Enforcement and Compliance
• Enforcement and Compliance is
o Validation of insurance, right to drive, ownership, access etc
o Right to drive vehicle type
o Vehicle status, maintenance, service history
o Driver status
• With the benefit of
o Improved public safety (fewer unregister or non-road worthy vehicles)
o No need to be “pulled over” to validate your registration

23. Loyalty
• Loyalty is
o Automating enhancements to the customer experience
o At service departments, car washes, sales departments etc
• With the benefit of
o Providing more accurate service
o More personalized service
o Faster service
o Resulting in further product or service sales

24. Alien Technology - Why we are Different
• 12/14/2017
Class leading read and write performance
• Higgs™4 driving industry innovation
• Optimized memory system for mass markets
• BlastWrite™ and QuickWrite™ for mass-encoding
• BlastWrite™ can write 7,000 tags/minute
• Pre-encoded chip-level serialization
Industry leading ease-of-use
• Class leading read and write performance
• More local processing inside the reader
• Less network traffic/less network infrastructure
• Alien Reader Protocol (and LLRP on certain models)
The industry’s most trusted and widely used tag family
• One of the industry’s most extensive range of inlays
• Tags for all applications retail, item-level,
transportation, life sciences etc
• Available under license as reference designs
• Custom tag design service (with NRE or volume
commitment)
The industry’s most well respected RFID training
• Standard, custom or onsite training
• RFID Solution Center – Conveyers, retail etc
• US & EU sites
• Feasibility analysis, system design & testing
• Best Practices
RFID ICs READERS
INLAYS / TAGS /
LABELS
SERVICES