Digital Humanities and Linked Data
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Digital Humanities and Linked Data. Researching Early Modern Creative Industries.
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Digital Humanities and Linked Data
- 1. Inger Leemans Lora Aroyo Cristina-Iulia Bucur Department of History Department of Computer Sciences Department of Computer Sciences & Bioinformatics Chris Dijkshoorn Sebastien Valkenberg Leon Wessels Department of Computer Sciences University Library Department of History Digital Humanities and Linked Data Researching Early Modern Creative Industries
- 2. Outline ● Digital Humanities ○ Context and examples of research ○ The importance of the Rijksmuseum ○ Creating an ideal research environment ● Digital Humanities and Linked Data ○ Querying datasets ○ Linking datasets ○ Different perspectives on data
- 3. Digital Humanities In Context ● Humanities ○ Archaeology, History, Arts, Philosophy, Music, Literature, Languages, Religion and Media ● Digital Humanities ○ Focus on digital/digitized sources ○ New methods of research ○ Discovering new patterns, concepts and motives
- 4. Examples of Research Creative Industries in the Dutch Republic CREATE: Creative Amsterdam an E- Humanities Perspective (UvA)
- 5. Mapping Nodes and Notes (Huygens / KNAW) Examples of Research Creative Industries in the Dutch Republic
- 6. Digital Humanities Rijksmuseum Amsterdam ● Important resource for researchers ○ Large size: over 1,000,000 objects ○ Unique masterpieces ○ Representation of Dutch Art (AD 1200-today) ● The role of the Rijksmuseum in Digital Humanities
- 7. Digital Humanities Research interest Creative industries Illustrated books Picture bibles
- 8. Research Questions How often was the sacrifice of Isaac depicted in prints that have been published in the Dutch Republic in the 17th and 18th century?
- 9. Research Questions How often was the sacrifice of Isaac depicted in prints that have been published in the Dutch Republic in the 17th and 18th century? How often was the sacrifice of Isaac depicted in Early Modern Dutch picture bibles?
- 10. Research Questions How often was the sacrifice of Isaac depicted in prints that have been published in the Dutch Republic in the 17th and 18th century? How often was the sacrifice of Isaac depicted in Early Modern Dutch picture bibles? How did Abraham’s emotional expression develop in the course of time?
- 11. What is important for DH researchers? Expert Workshop at the VU
- 12. What is important for DH researchers? The ideal research environment Provenance The source of data is known
- 13. What is important for DH researchers? The ideal research environment Provenance The source of data is known Presentation Results can be quantified and presented as tables/graphs
- 14. What is important for DH researchers? The ideal research environment Provenance The source of data is known Presentation Results can be quantified and presented as tables/graphs Background information It is made clear to what extent the collection has been digitized
- 15. What is important for DH researchers? The ideal research environment Provenance The source of data is known Presentation Results can be quantified and presented as tables/graphs Background information It is made clear to what extent the collection has been digitized Reproducibility Researchers are able to refer to the state of a dataset in a given point in time
- 16. What is important for DH researchers? The ideal research environment Provenance The source of data is known Presentation Results can be quantified and presented as tables/graphs Background information It is made clear to what extent the collection has been digitized Reproducibility Researchers are able to refer to the state of a dataset in a given point in time Integrated collections Multiple collections can be queried
- 17. What is important for DH researchers? The ideal research environment Provenance The source of data is known Presentation Results can be quantified and presented as tables/graphs Background information It is made clear to what extent the collection has been digitized Reproducibility Researchers are able to refer to the state of a dataset in a given point in time Integrated collections Multiple collections can be queried Standardized metadata Metadata have been attuned to each other
- 18. What is important for DH researchers? The ideal research environment Provenance The source of data is known Presentation Results can be quantified and presented as tables/graphs Background information It is made clear to what extent the collection has been digitized Reproducibility Researchers are able to refer to the state of a dataset in a given point in time Integrated collections Multiple collections can be queried Standardized metadata Metadata have been attuned to each other Enrichment Researchers can add sets of (meta)data for their own research projects
- 19. Digital Humanities The benefits of Linked Data ● It provides a framework to publish data
- 20. Digital Humanities The benefits of Linked Data ● It provides a framework to publish data ● Researchers can query a dataset using query language
- 21. Digital Humanities The benefits of Linked Data ● It provides a framework to publish data ● Researchers can query a dataset using query language ● Multiple sets of (meta)data can be queried in a single interface
- 22. Digital Humanities The benefits of Linked Data ● It provides a framework to publish data ● Researchers can query a dataset using query language ● Multiple sets of (meta)data can be queried in a single interface ● Combined datasets allow researchers to answer more complex research questions
- 23. Digital Humanities The benefits of Linked Data ● It provides a framework to publish data ● Researchers can query a dataset using query language ● Multiple sets of (meta)data can be queried in a single interface ● Combined datasets allow researchers to answer more complex research questions ● Researchers can add their own (meta)data
- 24. Linked Data Triple Statements Subject Predicate Object Landschap met figuren uit het Oude Testament the sacrifice of Isaac dc:subject
- 25. Linked Data Uniform Resource Identifiers ● Every element has a web address ● The data at the web address describes the element ● Others can refer to the same address http://purl. org/collections/nl/rm a/RP-P-1886-A- 10025 http://iconclass. org/71C131 http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject
- 26. Linked Data The Linked Data Cloud
- 27. Linked Data Datasets released as Linked Data ● Collections ○ Smithsonian ○ British Museum ○ Amsterdam Museum ● Vocabularies ○ Getty GTN/ULAN/AAT ○ Iconclass ○ KB STCN
- 28. Linked Data Querying datasets ● Graph based query language -> SPARQL ● Example query for answering How often was the sacrifice of Isaac depicted in prints that have been published in the Dutch Republic in the 17th and 18th century?
- 29. Linked Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek STCN ● Short-Title Catalogue, Netherlands ○ The Dutch retrospective bibliography for the period 1540-1800 ○ Can provide context for the Rijksmuseum prints ● Linked Data version released in 2015 ○ SPARQL workshop for researchers
- 30. Linked Data Linking the Rijksmuseum and STCN Landschap met figuren uit het Oude Testament the sacrifice of Isaac dc:subject “Tweede staat van deze prent gebruikt als titelpagina voor: Hoet, Gerard. Figures de la Bible. Amsterdam: Bernard Picart, 1720.” skos:note
- 31. Linked Data Linking the Rijksmuseum and STCN Landschap met figuren uit het Oude Testament the sacrifice of Isaac dc:subject “Tweede staat van deze prent gebruikt als titelpagina voor: Hoet, Gerard. Figures de la Bible. Amsterdam: Bernard Picart, 1720.” skos:note Figures de la Bible dcterms:hasPart
- 32. ● Possible to query multiple datasets at once How often was the sacrifice of Isaac depicted in Early Modern Dutch picture bibles? Linked Data Querying multiple datasets
- 33. Perspectives Data completeness ● The Rijksmuseum will not cover all aspects researchers are interested in ● Linked Data allows everyone (even researchers) to make statements about subjects ● Collection data can be extended with new perspectives
- 34. Emotion research Adding new perspectives ● How to answer the last research question? How did Abraham’s emotional expression develop in the course of time? ● Gather data about the depicted emotions
- 36. Conclusion Digital Humanities & Linked Data ● Linked Data supports more quantitative research ● Linking collections provides context ● There are requirements for making a collection useful to researchers ● Collection data can be extended with new perspectives
- 38. Discussion Digital Humanities & the Rijksmuseum ● With what purpose in mind is the Rijksmuseum collection data created?
- 39. Discussion Digital Humanities & the Rijksmuseum ● With what purpose in mind is the Rijksmuseum collection data created? ● Is quantitative research on the Rijksmuseum collection possible?
- 40. Discussion Digital Humanities & the Rijksmuseum ● With what purpose in mind is the Rijksmuseum collection data created? ● Is quantitative research on the Rijksmuseum collection possible? ● How would you describe the current role of the Rijksmuseum within the field of Digital Humanities?
- 41. Discussion Digital Humanities & the Rijksmuseum ● With what purpose in mind is the Rijksmuseum collection data created? ● Is quantitative research on the Rijksmuseum collection possible? ● How would you describe the current role of the Rijksmuseum within the field of Digital Humanities? ● Should/could the Rijksmuseum play a more active role?