- By 2020, a new model for education in the 21st century emerges as experiments and tests of different models from 2015-2017 lead to new proposals being made around 2017. - There is a growing shortage of four-year college graduates recognized in 2016 and 2017 as the knowledge economy takes over from industrial and factory jobs. - Assessment and grading changes focus more on individual learner outcomes rather than time inputs, using multiple assessment formats and frequent quizzes rather than high-stress infrequent tests.