1) The document proposes implementing Internet of Things (IoT) and Li-Fi technology in vehicles to improve safety. 2) It discusses two main problems - the high rate of accidents and increased traffic congestion. It analyzes causes such as poor visibility, reckless driving, and too many vehicles on routes. 3) The proposed solutions are using Li-Fi to transmit traffic signals to vehicles and alert drivers, optimizing traffic flow using IoT and machine learning, and having vehicles learn individual driver behaviors to encourage safer driving.

1. IMPLEMENTATION OF
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
AND
LI-FI TECHNOLOGY
FOR VEHICLE SAFETY

2. INTRODUCTION
Light Fidelity
Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a bidirectional, high speed and
fully networked wireless communication using light. It uses
visible light communication or infra-red and near ultraviolet
for wireless transmission of data.
by Prof. Harald Haas

3. Internet of Things
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
objects embedded with electronics, softwares, sensors and
connectivity to enable it to achieve greater value and service
by exchanging data.

4. WHAT'S
THE
PROBLEM ….??

5. Problem 1 :- Increase in accident rate each year
“The UN launches its "decade for action" on road
safety to cut the 1.3 million deaths on the road each
year. India has the highest absolute number of recorded road
deaths (105,725), followed by China (96,611), the US (42,642) and Russia
(35,972).”
Problem 2 :- Increase in Traffic Congestions
“According to traffic analysis firm INRIX in 2013, the
top 3 worst US traffic cities (measured in average hours wasted per
vehicle for the year) were:
1. Los Angeles, California: 64.4 hours
2.Honolulu, Hawaii: 59.5 hours
3.San Francisco, California: 56.1 hours”

6. PROBLEM 1
How does road accidents occur ?
1. Failure to judge the road view.
2. Failure to judge another persons speed.
3. Being careless, reckless or in a hurry.
4. Following too close to a vehicle.

7. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 1
• Implementation of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) in vehicles for vehicle
safety by alerting the users.
• The Traffic light acts as the transmitter and the signal sent is
received by the car.

8. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 1
Explaining the car with a realistic 3D model.

9. HOW DOES THE SYSTEM
INTERACT WITH USER ..??
• The best way to make the system interact with the user is
through a DISPLAY .

10. HOW DOES THE SYSTEM
INTERACT WITH USER ..??
• The best way to make the system interact with the user is
through a DISPLAY (Telematics in rear-view mirror) .

11. PROBLEM 2
Why is there increase in Traffic Congestions ?
1. Too many vehicle travelling at the same time through the
same route.
2. Any crash or Accident.
3. Insufficient routes to a place.

12. SOLVING PROBLEM 2
All the causes in problem 2 can be solved by
the following ways
1. Implementing Internet of Things (IoT)
2. Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL)
3. Analysing the data through different methods

15. TRAFFIC FLOW OPTIMIZATION

16. TRAFFIC FLOW OPTIMIZATION
• This problem of traffic flow can be solved by the method of Traffic Network Equilibrium.

17. CONSIDERATION OF ROUTE A-B
• We end up to a problem called as Braess Paradox.

18. CAN'T BELIEVE ..??
YOU HAVE TO ..!!

20. USER CONTROLLED LEARNING SYSTEM
• The pre-installed system in the vehicle is used in learning and understanding the driver and
the way in which the driver treats his ride (careless, reckless or rash).
• The next question which comes to your mind is – How can
the system learn about the driver ?

21. INVERSE REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
• Machine learning is the common way in which all the machines are being trained to
perform in a standard way.
• But when the machine acts with respect to the current environment with respect to the
driver its becomes IRL.

22. HOW DOES THE SYSTEM MAKE DECISION...?
• Here comes the concept of Internet of Things ..!!
The system in the vehicle interacts with the database with the help of
TELEMATICS and instructs the driver to ride in a safe way.
“Telematics refers to the use of wireless device technology
to transmit data in real time back to an organization.”

23. DATA IS PRESENT EVERYWHERE
• The data collected by the
TELEMATICS is sent to the database.
• The data collected is stored in the
format of BIG DATA.
• This BIG DATA is analysed and the
required information is sent back to
vehicle.

24. THE INTENSITY OF THE COLOUR DEFINES THE ACCIDENT
HAPPENED IN THAT AREA