Teaching can be defined as engagement with learners to enable their understanding and application of knowledge, concepts and processes. It includes design, content selection, delivery, assessment and reflection. The aim of teaching is not only to transmit information, but also to transform students from passive recipients of other people's knowledge into active constructors of their own and others' knowledge. Teaching is fundamentally about creating the pedagogical, social, and ethical conditions under which students agree to take charge of their own learning, individually and collectively. Teaching is characterized as an interactive process between teacher and students that uses various methods to motivate learning and train instincts in a way that is measured and progresses over time.

1. Teaching शिक्षण
PAPER: TEACHING AND LEARNING

2. Teaching शिक्षण
Meaning of Teaching:
Teaching can be defined as engagement with learners to enable their understanding and application
of knowledge, concepts and processes. It includes design, content selection, delivery, assessment and
reflection.
To teach is to engage students in learning; thus teaching consists of getting students involved in the
active construction of knowledge. A teacher requires not only knowledge of subject matter, but knowledge
of how students learn and how to transform them into active learners. Good teaching, then, requires a
commitment to systematic understanding of learning. The aim of teaching is not only to transmit
information, but also to transform students from passive recipients of other people's knowledge into active
constructors of their own and others' knowledge. The teacher cannot transform without the student's
active participation, of course. Teaching is fundamentally about creating the pedagogical, social, and
ethical conditions under which students agree to take charge of their own learning, individually and
collectively.

3. Teaching शिक्षण
Definition of Teaching:
H. C. Morrison (1934): “Teaching is an intimate contact between a more mature personality and less
mature one which is designed to further the education of the latter.”
B.O. Smith (1960): “ Teaching is a system of actions intended to produce learning.”
William Loyon : “To my mind teaching is not merely a life work, a profession, a struggle, it is a
passion. I love to teach, as a painter loves to paint, as a musician loves to play, as a singer loves to sing,
a strong man rejoices to run a race.”
Burton: “ Teaching is the stimulation, guidance, direction and encouragement of learning.”
Yoakam and Simpson : “ Teaching is the means where by the experienced member of the group
guide the immature and infant members in their adjustment of life.”

4. Teaching शिक्षण
Characteristics of Teaching:
 Teaching-Means to preparation.
 Teaching- Development of communication skill.
 Teaching- Motivation to learn.- A poor teacher tells, an average teacher explains, a good teacher
demonstrates and a great teacher inspires.
 Teaching-Various ways & forms- formal, informal, functional or informational, training, conditioning,
indoctrination, directional, institutional, descriptive or remedial etc.
 Teaching- related with time and place- society, ideals & values.
 Teaching- Training of instincts.
 Teaching- Measurement is possible.
 Teaching is progressive.
 Teaching is organization of learning.

5. Teaching शिक्षण
Characteristics of Teaching:
 Teaching- a tri-polar process.- teacher, pupil & subject matter.
 Teaching- Concerned with observation and analysis.
 Teaching- an interactive process.
 Teaching- a linguistic process.
 Teaching- multiple levels- Memory, understanding & reflective.
 Teaching- as continuum
 Teaching- a social process- class/ group of student a small society
 Teaching- an art- different skills.
 Teaching- as science- Davis(Entering behavior- terminal behavior, content, communication & feedback )