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Learning & Teaching.pdf

The document discusses concepts related to learning and teaching. It defines teaching as a process that facilitates learning through interaction between teachers and students. It provides definitions of teaching from various scholars and discusses the characteristics of teaching, including that it is a complex social phenomenon, a professional activity, and involves communication skills. Principles of teaching are also outlined, such as having clear goals and objectives, planning, flexibility, linking to real life, and addressing individual differences. Psychological principles discussed include motivation, repetition, feedback, and fostering creativity.

Education◦
(CC3) Learning and Teaching Dr. Nandkishor Pimpalkar Assistant Professor, R. H. Patel English Medium B.Ed. College, Gandhinagar
• Learning Outcomes: Teacher trainees will be able to: 1. Define the concept of learning. 2. Discuss the importance of motivation in learning. 3. Identify the concept of teaching. 4. Practice skills, models, approaches, methods/strategies, techniques and styles of teaching. 5. Identify various styles of teaching and learning. 6. Adopt role as a teacher and use the principles of teaching. 7. Prepare self learning teaching material. 8. Make teaching experiential. 9. Analyze and interpret the class room interaction. 10. Implement the new trends of teaching and learning 11. Identify the activities of teaching learning and apply it in the class room.
• Unit : 2 Teaching • 2.1 Teaching : Concept, Maxims of teaching, Models of Teaching (Concept of : Advanced Organizer, Inductive Thinking Model), and Skills of Teaching (Set – Induction, Questioning, Reinforcement, Stimulus – Variation, Explanation) • 2.2 General and Psychological Principles of Teaching • 2.3 Analysis of Classroom Interaction: Concept and Components of Ned Flanders’ Classroom Interaction Analysis
Concept of Teaching • Teaching is a process that facilitates learning. Teaching is the specialized application of knowledge, skills and attitudes designed to provide unique service to meet the educational needs of the individual and of society. Although the work of teachers typically takes place in a classroom setting, the direct interaction between teachers and students is the single most important element in teaching.
Definitions of Teaching • According to H.C Marrison (1943), “ Teaching is an intimate contact between a more mature personality and a less mature, one which is designed to further the education of the latter” • According to John Broubacher (1939), “Teaching is an arrangement and manipulation of a situation in which there are gaps and obstructions which an individual with seeking to overcome and from which he will learn in course of doing so” • According to B.O Smith(1960), “ Teaching is a system of action intended to produce learning” • According to Burton (1963), “Teaching is the stimulation, guidance, direction and encouragement of learning”
Characteristics/ Nature of Teaching • Teaching is a complex social phenomenon. It is greatly influenced by social factors. The social and human factors are dynamic, not static and therefore teaching is not a fundamental concept. • Teaching is both art as well as signs. Art is called for exercises of talent and creativity signs because it is a collection of techniques, procedures and skills that can be systematically studied and described and improved. • Teaching is a professional activity involving the teacher and the students and results in the development of the student. • Teaching is what a teacher does with his student for focusing the letter to learn something. • Teaching is a system of actions which are varied in form and are related to content and pupil’s behaviour in context with the prevailing physical and social conditions.
• Characteristics/ Nature of Teaching • Teaching can be observed, analysed and assessed through teacher behaviour, pupil- teacher interaction and the changes brought in the behaviour of the pupils. • Teaching is highly dominated by communication skills. • Teaching is an interactive process carried out for the attainment of some specific progress objectives. • Teaching may have various forms like formal and informal teaching, showing or doing descriptive or remedial, formational or informational. • Teaching is a specialized task and may be taken as a set of competent skills for the realization of a specified set of instructional objectives.
Principles of Teaching • Principle of definiteness of goals or objectives • Principle of Planning • Principle of flexibility and elasticity • Principle of utilization past experience • Principle of child centeredness • Principle of making provision for individual differences • Principle of linking with actual life • Principle of correlating with other subjects • Principle of effective strategies and instructional materials • Principle of active participation and involvement • Principle of conducive environment and proper control
Psychological principles of teaching • Principle of motivation and interest • Principle of repetition and exercise • Principle of change, rest and recreation • Principle of feedback and reinforcement • Principle of sympathy and cooperation • Principle of providing training and senses • Principle of utilizing group dynamics • Principle of encouraging self-learning • Principle of fostering creativity and self-expression • Principle of remedial teaching