olid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solvedn ancient cities, wastes were thrown onto unpaved streets and roadways, where they were left to accumulate. It was not until 320 BCE in Athens that the first known law forbidding this practice was established. At that time a system for waste removal began to evolve in Greece and in the Greek-dominated cities of the eastern Mediterranean. In ancient Rome, property owners were responsible for cleaning the streets fronting their property. But organized waste collection was associated only with state-sponsored events such as parades. Disposal methods were very crude, involving open pits located just outside the city walls. As populations increased, efforts were made to transport waste farther out from the cities. After the fall of Rome, waste collection and municipal sanitation began a decline that lasted throughout the Middle Ages. Near the end of the 14th century, scavengers were given the task of carting waste to dumps outside city walls. But this was not the case in smaller towns, where most people still threw waste into the streets. It was not until 1714 that every city in England was required to have an official scavenger. Toward the end of the 18th century in America, municipal collection of garbage was begun in Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia. Waste disposal methods were still very crude, however. Garbage collected in Philadelphia, for example, was simply dumped into the Delaware River downstream from the city. Developments in waste management A technological approach to solid-waste management began to develop in the latter part of the 19th century. Watertight garbage cans were first introduced in the United States, and sturdier vehicles were used to collect and transport wastes. A significant development in solid-waste treatment and disposal practices was marked by the construction of the first refuse incinerator in England in 1874. By the beginning of the 20th century, 15 percent of major American cities were incinerating solid waste. Even then, however, most of the largest cities were still using primitive disposal methods such as open dumping on land or in water. Technological advances continued during the first half of the 20th century, including the development of garbage grinders, compaction trucks, and pneumatic collection systems. By mid-century, however, it had become evident that open dumping and improper incineration of solid waste were causing problems

1. Project Presentation
Presented by, Roll Nos.
:
1601-19-736-079, 080,
084.
Batch No:14
Under the Guidance of
Sri. N. Venkateswara Rao,
Assistant Professor, MED,
CBIT

2. Process improvement on the WorkFlow of MSW
Management Site & WTE Plant
Title of the Project

3. Details of the Site/Plant Visit
Hyderabad Integrated Municipal Solid Waste
Ltd. (HiMSW)
NAME OF THE COMPANY:
Jawhar Nagar MSW
Site
SITE VISITED:
11th September, 2022; from 10:30 to
16:50hrs
3rd October, 2022: from 11:00 to 5:10 hrs
DATE OF VISIT:
• Familiarise ourselves with the WorkFlow of Waste
Management
• Understand the crucial Activities that take place on Site.
• Find processes that have gaps that can be filled with applied
engineering
• Discuss the improvement scope for the project
OBJECTIVE OF THE VISIT:

4. The WorkFlow and Activities

5. • Manual Segregation
• 100mm Screening
• Waste <100mm contains the most of
Organic Waste; this is diverted to Compost
WasteFlow
• 100mm+ goes through a brief manual
segregation to pick recyclables like glass,
metals etc.
• Remaining 100mm+ is diverted to the
Probable RDF* WasteFlow
Initial Screening and
Segregation
*RDF - Refuse Derived Fuel

6. Probable Compost WasteFlow
<100mm Waste is Heaped on an Impermeable Platform; to breakdown organic matter through the
process of Aerobic Decomposition
After Several Days of Turning and Aerobic Decomposition, The probable Compost is Screened (16mm
and 35m); this is to eliminate non-organic matter which wouldn’t have been broken down.
Now, the rejects are probable RDF WasteFlow; and the broken down organic waste is Packed and
sold as Compost after curing and other processes.

7. This is where the Compost
WasteFlow Ends; packaged and
sold.

8. Probable RDF WasteFlow
100mm+ Waste is stored in a HDPE Lined 3 acres of Land for 3 days
RDF
Parameters Specifications
Calorific
Value
2800-3300kcal/kg
Moisture
Content
<20%
Ash Content <25%
After drying, it’s picked for high calorific valued items and the rest is sent to the Landfill
The separated dry waste is then Shredded and sold as RDF

9. The RDF works as a fuel for Cement
Factories; Brick Kilns and many other
manufacturing Processes

10. Graphical Representation of the WasteFlow
+100mm
+35mm
-35mm
-100mm
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
screening (100mm)
screening (35mm)
Various Compost
Processes
To Further Compost
Probable RDF
Probable Compost
RDF Segregation
Refuse-Derived Fuel Scientific Landfill

11. • The Soil is covered-up with thick
HDPE Sheets to avoid Leachate
Seeping.
• The Waste is then Heaped over
and over forming a hill-like
structure.
Scientific Landfill
and Capping
MANAGED BY VENKAT RAO AND DAVID
All the rejects from Compost and
RDF processes is sent to Landfill.
• After reaching a height; which
usually takes 5-6yrs; the capping
process starts.
• They cap all the waste with soil;
then cover it with various HDPE
sheets.

12. • When MSW is dumped, all the
moisture in it seeps to the bottom
carrying all the toxins with; it’s
called Leachate.
• Leachate is a very harmful
substance; it needs to be treated.
• Various Methods are used to treat
the Leachate in this Plant.
Leachate Treatment
MANAGED BY SANDEEP

13. • This plant, mainly does two things:
1. Saves about 90% of the space
otherwise occupied by Landfills.
2. Generates 19.8MW of Electricity at
peak
Waste To Energy
Power Plant1
CIVIL: SANJIB ADITYA; FUNCTIONING: CHAMARTHI
• This Waste-To-Energy Power Plant can
burn upto 2400 Tonnes per Day to
produce ~5MWh of energy per day
• This is the second WTE Power Plant in the
Country; first one being built by the same
company in Delhi.
1. Kumar, S. S. (2020, November 10). Telangana gets biggest Waste to Energy plant.
Telangana Today. https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-gets-biggest-waste-to-energy-
plant

15. Identification of Gap and Solution
• Moisture content in the
municipal waste due to lack
of proper separation
methodology from primary
sources is reducing the
efficiency of energy produced
from the compost.
• For this we are working on
finding innovative ways to
increase the calorific value of
the waste.
They are:-
1.Drying waste naturally.
2.Use of dessicants
(Moisture absorbing agents)
3.thermal drying through
solar energy.

16. Calculation of moisture content and
Improvement in Calorific value
• Moisture content=
Wet waste - Dry
waste/Wet waste *100
• Moisture content of the
waste sample reduces the
heating value thereby
reducing the caloric value
of the waste.
• Measurement of calorific
value is expressed in
KCal/kg

17. What we identified?
• We have noticed there’s a lot of moisture content in the waste that
is being sent to the incineration chamber.
• This moisture content is decreasing the calorific value of the waste
which in turn is decreasing the heat generated in the boiler.
• This stunted generation of heat is decreasing the efficiency of the
boiler affecting the power generated.

18. Acknowledgement:
Mr. Thota Krishna Rao, Mr. Sandeep, Mr. David, Mr. Venkat Rao, Mr. Chamarthy
and Mr. Sanjib Aditya for giving us all the information and the insights we needed.
Thank You