This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures into their pure substances. Some key methods mentioned include handpicking, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation, decantation, filtration, evaporation, and distillation. These methods separate mixtures by exploiting differences in properties like particle size, density, solubility, and boiling point between the substances. A saturated solution is defined as one where no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent, while heating can allow more of a substance to dissolve in a solution.

1. CHAPTER =5
SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES
PRESENTATION PRESENTED BY KHUSHI VERMA

2. KEY W RDS…..
• CHURNING
• CONDENSATION
• DECANTATION
• EVAPORATION
• FILTRATION
• HANDPICKING
• SATURATED SOLUTION
• SEDIMENTATION
• SIEVING
• SOLUTION
• THRESHING
• WINNOWING

3. WHY DO WE SEPARATE SUBSTANCES ?
• TO REMOVE UNDESIRABLE COMPONENT.
• TO REMOVE HARMFUL COMPONENT.
• TO OBTAIN USEFUL COMPONENT.
• TO OBTAIN PURE SAMPLE OF A SUBSTANCES.

4. WHAT IS MIXTURE ?
• A MIXTURE IS MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE PURE
SUBSTANCES.THESE PURE SUSTANCES ARE CALLED
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE. FOR EG= SUGAR + SALT IS
A MIXTURE.
• AIR IS A MIXTURE OF ANY GASES SUCH AS = OXYGEN ,
CARBON-DI-OXIDE , NITROGEN . THESE ARE THE
COMPONENTS OF AIR…

5. TYPES OF MIXTURE…
• MIXTURE CAN BE OF THREE TYPES—
• SOLID MIXTURE= SUGAR + SALT
• LIQUID MIXTURE=MILK , WATER
• GASEOUS MIXTURE=AIR.

6. METHODS OF SEPARATION OF
MIXTURE DEPENDS UPON..
• HARDNESS
• SOLUBILITY
• SIZE OF PATICALS
• DENSITY OR WEIGHT
• BOILING POINT .

7. METHOS OF SEPARATION ARE-
•HANDPICKING= THE METHOD OF SEPARATING
UNDESIRABLE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS SMALL PIECES OF STONES
FROM WHEAT, RICE , PULSES BY HAND IS CALLED HANPICKING

8. THRESHING
• THRESHING IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH STALKS OF RICE AND
WHEAT ARE BEATEN ON A HARD SURFACE TO SEPARATE
GRAINS FROM THE STALK.

9. WINNOWING
WINNOWING IS THE METHOD OF SEPARATING HUSK FROM THE
GRAINS BY THE HELP OF BLOWING WIND . THIS METHOD IS
BASED ON THE FACT THAT HUSK IS VERY LIGHT IN WEIGHT ,
WHEREAS, WHEAT GRAIN IS VERY HEAVY..

10. SIEVING
• THE METHOD OF SEPARATING A MIXTURE BY USING A SIEVE IS
CALLED SIEVING. IT IS USED TO SEPARARATE THOSE SOLID
MIXTURES WHICH HAVE COMPONENTS OF DIFFERENT SIZES.

11. MAGNETIC SEPARATION
• MAGNETIC SEPARATION MEANS
SEPARATION OF MIXTURE BY USING A
MAGNET. FOR EG= A MIXTURE OF IRON
FILLING AND COPPER POWDER CAN BE
SEPARATED BY USING A MAGNET.

12. SEDIMENTATION
THE PROCESS OF SEPARATING INSOLUBLE SOLIDS , SUSPENDED IN A LIQUID
BY ALLOWING THEM TO SETTLE DOWN IS CALLED SEDIMENTATION .
WHEN THE HEAVIER COMPONENT IN A MIXTURE SETTLES AFTER WATER IS
ADDED TO IT , THE PROCESS IS CALLED SEDIMENTATION.
THE SOLID MATTER WHICH SETTELS DOWN AT THE BOTTOM OF A LIQUID IS
CALLED SEDIMENT.
.

13. DECANTATION
• THE PROCESS OF POURING OUT THE CLEAR UPPER LIQUID
WITHOUT DISTURBING THE SEDIMENTS IS CALLED
DECANTATION.
• WHEN THE WATER [ALONG WITH DUST] IS REMOVED ,THE
PROCESS IS CALLED DECANTATION.
• FOR EG = THE MIXTURE OF SAND AND WATER CAN BE
SEPERATED BY SEDIMENTATION AND DECANTATION.

14. FILTERATION
• FILTERATION CAN BE USED TO SEPARATE
COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE OF AN ISOLUBLE SOLID
AND A LIQUID.
• FOR EG= TEA LEAVES IS SEPERATED FROM TEA BY
FILTERATION , A MIXTURE OF CHALK AND WATER CAN
BE SEPERATED BY FILTERATION.

15. SOME MORE METHODS OF SEPARATION…
• EVAPORATION= THE PROCESS OF CONVERSION OF WATER
INTO ITS VAPOUR IS CALLED EVAPORATION.
• EVAPORATION CAN BE USED TO SEPRATE A SOLID DISSOLVED
IN A LIQUID.

16. CONDENSATION
• THE PROCESS OF CONVERSION OF WATER VAPOUR INTO ITS
LIQUID FORM IS CALLED CONDENSATION.

17. DISTILLATION
IT IS THE PROCESS OF HEATING WATER TO FORM WATER VAPOUR AND THEN
COOLING THE HOT WATERVAPOUR TO ET BACK LIQUID WATER..
FOR EG= SALT WATER CAN BE SEPRATED INTO SALT AND WATER BY
DISTILLATION …

18. SOLUTION…..
• A MIXTURE IN WHICH A SUBSTANCE AND MANY SUBSTANCE DISSOLVES
COMPLETELY IN WATER IS CALLED SOLUTION.
• MORE OF A SUBSTANCE CAN BE DISSOLVED IN A SOLUTION BY HEATING IT.
• A SOLUTION HAVE TWO COMPONENT _
• SOLVENT = IT IS A SUBSTANCE [LIQUID] IN WHICH OTHER MATERIAL
DISSOLVES..
• SOLUTE= IT IS A SUBSTANCE THAT IS DISSOLVED IN THE SOLVENT TO FORM
SOLUTION IS CALLED SOLUTE..

19. SATURATED SOLUTION….
• A SATURATED SOLUTION IS ONE IN WHICH NO MORE OF
THAT SUBSTANCE CAN DISSOLVED.
• IF WE HAVE POUR HAIF CUP OF WATER IN BEAKER AND
WE HAVE ADDED A ONE TEASPOONS OF SALT AND
GOING TO ADD CONTINUOSILY THEN IT MEANS THAT NO
MORE SALT CAN BE DISSOVED IN THE AMOUNT OF WATER
WE HAVE TAKEN . THIS SOLUTON IS SAID TO BE
SATURATED SOLUTION…

20. SUMMARY….
• HANDPICKING , WINNOWING, SIEVING, SEDIMENTATION,
DECANTATION,ANDFITERATION ARE SOME OF THE METHODS OF
SEPARATING SUBSTANCES FROM THEIR MIXTURES.
• HUSK AND STONES COULD BE SEPARATED FROM GRAINS BY
HANDPICKING.
• HUSK IS SEPARATED FROM HEAVIOUR SEEDS OF GRAIN BY WINNOWING .
• DIFFERENCE IN THE SIZE OF PARTICLES IN A MIXTURE IS UTILLISED TO
SEPARATE THEM BY THE PROCESS OF SIEVING AND FILTERATION.

21. SOME MORE SUMMARY…..
• IN A MIXTURE OF SAND AND WATER THE HEAVIOUR SAND PARTICALS SETTLES
DOWN AT THE BOTTOM AND THE WATER CAN BE SEPARATED BY DECANTATION.
• FITERATION CAN BE USED TO SEPARATE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE OF AN
INSOLUBLE SOLID AN A LIQUID.
• EVAPORATION IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH A LIQUID GETS CONVERTED INTO ITS
VAPOUR , EVAPORATION CAN BE USED TO SEPARATE A SOLID DISSOLVEED IN A
LIQUID.
• A SATURATED SOLUTION IS ONE IN WHICH NO MORE OF THAT SUBSTANCE
CAN BE DISSLOVED.
• MORE OF A SUBSTANCE CAN BE DISSOLVED IN A SOLUTION BY HEATING IT.
• WATER DISSOLVES DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES IN IT…

22. •THANK YOU…