The document discusses the process of decantation to separate mixtures. Decantation involves either allowing solids to settle and pouring off the liquid or allowing immiscible liquids to separate based on density, with the lighter liquid poured or siphoned off. It provides examples of mixtures that can be separated via decantation, such as oil and vinegar, as well as examples that cannot be separated this way, such as rice and water. The purpose is to obtain a decant or precipitate free of particulates.