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Plant Anatomy Guide
- 1. BOTANY All about the plant References : 1.Eleventh edition. Hoboken : Pearson Higher Education, 2016. Previous edition: Campbell biology 2. Khongpon Ponlachantra
- 2. 1. Campbell biology Eleventh edition. Hoboken : Pearson Higher Education, 2016. Previous edition: Campbell biology 2. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology Seventh edition. James D. Mauseth, PhD 3. Plant Physiology Third edition Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger References
- 3. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy
- 4. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy • Structure and development of shoot and root Shoot system Root system
- 5. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy • Structure and development of shoot and root • The epidermis
- 6. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy • The vascular system and the pattern of arrangement 1.Root 2.Stem 3.Leaf • The epidermis • Structure and development of shoot and root
- 7. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy • The vascular system and the pattern of arrangement 1.Root 2.Stem 3.Leaf • Reproduction • The epidermis • Structure and development of shoot and root
- 8. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy >> Plant Physiology • Transport and translocation of • Water and solutes (Xylem transportation) • Products from photosynthesis (Phloem Translocation) • The vascular system and the pattern of arrangement 1.Root 2.Stem 3.Leaf • Reproduction • The epidermis • Structure and development of shoot and root
- 9. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy >> Plant Physiology • Transport and translocation of • Water and solutes (Xylem transportation) • Products from photosynthesis (Phloem Translocation) • Metabolism • Respiration and lipid metabolism • Photosynthesis • The vascular system and the pattern of arrangement 1.Root 2.Stem 3.Leaf • Reproduction • The epidermis • Structure and development of shoot and root
- 10. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy >> Plant Physiology • Transport and translocation of • Water and solutes (Xylem transportation) • Products from photosynthesis (Phloem Translocation) • Metabolism • Respiration and lipid metabolism • Photosynthesis • The vascular system and the pattern of arrangement 1.Root 2.Stem 3.Leaf • Reproduction • The epidermis • Structure and development of shoot and root
- 11. Overview Plant cell >> Plant tissues (and development of the cell wall) >> Plant Anatomy >> Plant Physiology • Transport and translocation of • Water and solutes (Xylem transportation) • Products from photosynthesis (Phloem Translocation) • Metabolism • Respiration and lipid metabolism • Photosynthesis • Phytohormone and the control of flowering • The vascular system and the pattern of arrangement 1.Root 2.Stem 3.Leaf • Reproduction • The epidermis >> Plant Diversity (Taxonomy) • Structure and development of shoot and root
- 13. 13 Plant cell Quiz on the next class Scope 1. Membrane and organelles 2. Animal cell-plant cell differences 3. Cell junctions 4. Cell wall and formation
- 15. Modification of primary plasmodesmata during increase in cell wall thickness. Primary cell wall 1 secondary cell wall 2 secondary cell wall 3 secondary cell wall
- 16. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem Differentiated Non-differentiated
- 17. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem 1.Promeristem 2.Primary meristem Protoderm develop to Epidermis Ground Meristem develop to Ground Tissue Procambium develop Primary Vascular Tissue 3.Secondary meristem Cork Cambium – develop to Cork Vascular Cambium – develop to Secondary Vascular Tissue Differentiated Non-differentiated Protoderm Procambium Ground Meristem
- 18. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State Simple Complex 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem 1.Promeristem 2.Primary meristem Protoderm develop to Epidermis Ground Meristem develop to Ground Tissue Procambium develop Primary Vascular Tissue 3.Secondary meristem Cork Cambium – develop to Cork Vascular Cambium – develop to Secondary Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue 1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma Differentiated Non-differentiated
- 19. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State Simple Complex 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem 1.Promeristem 2.Primary meristem Protoderm develop to Epidermis Ground Meristem develop to Ground Tissue Procambium develop Primary Vascular Tissue 3.Secondary meristem Cork Cambium – develop to Cork Vascular Cambium – develop to Secondary Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue 1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma -Epidermis -Vascular Differentiated Non-differentiated
- 20. 20 Meristem tissues Stem cells-Cell division-Growth
- 21. they have undifferentiated tissues called meristems 21 Plant tissue 1. Meristems NOPE Have you ever been told that VS growth is limited only to an embryonic or juvenile period. Indeterminate growth We have undifferentiated tissues called meristems Determinate growth
- 22. 22 Plant tissue : Meristems (meros = to devide) Apical meristems : primary growth(Length)
- 23. 23 Plant tissue : Meristems (meros = to devide) Apical meristems : primary growth(Length)
- 24. 24 Plant tissue : Meristems (meros = to devide) Intercalary meristems : primary growth(Length), exclusive in monocot
- 25. 25 Plant tissue : Meristems (meros = to devide) Lateral meristems : Secondary growth(thickness), exclusive in dicot
- 26. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State Simple Complex 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem 1.Promeristem 2.Primary meristem Protoderm develop to Epidermis Ground Meristem develop to Ground Tissue Procambium develop Primary Vascular Tissue 3.Secondary meristem Cork Cambium – develop to Cork Vascular Cambium – develop to Secondary Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue 1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma -Epidermis -Vascular Differentiated Non-differentiated
- 27. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State Simple Complex 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem 1.Promeristem 2.Primary meristem Protoderm develop to Epidermis Ground Meristem develop to Ground Tissue Procambium develop Primary Vascular Tissue 3.Secondary meristem Cork Cambium – develop to Cork Vascular Cambium – develop to Secondary Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue 1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma -Epidermis -Vascular Differentiated Non-differentiated
- 29. 29 Plant tissue (Ground tissues) : Parenchyma(para- =beside, visceral) • Most parenchyma cells retain the ability to divide • It is even possible to grow an entire plant from a single parenchyma cell. • Most abundant • Thin cell wall + large vacuole
- 31. 31 Plant tissue (Ground tissues) : Parenchyma(para- =beside, visceral) Aerenchyma :form a spongy tissue which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root. Chlorenchyma have intense photosynthesis activity modification of the parenchyma Elodea canadensis Juncus effusus
- 32. 32 Plant tissue (Ground tissues) : Collenchyma (kóll(a)= glue) • Unevenly thickened primary walls(pectin) • Help support young parts of the plant without restraining growth
- 33. 33 Plant tissue (Ground tissues) : sclerenchyma (sklērós =hard) • Thickened secondary walls(Lignin) >> Positively dyed with Safranin - O • Support plant(plant skeleton) stone cell
- 34. 34 Plant tissue (Ground tissues) : sclerenchyma (sklērós =hard)
- 35. 35 Plant tissue (Ground tissues) : sclerenchyma (sklērós =hard) (Idioblast)
- 36. 36 Plant tissue (Ground tissues) : sclerenchyma (sklērós =hard) 1. Still young 2. Mature and have active metabolism (usually involved in storing starch or calcium oxalate) Agave
- 37. Quiz real quick!
- 38. Glandular parenchyma cell Resin canal Quiz real quick! Pinus stem Pinus leave
- 39. Quiz real quick! Sclerenchyma viewed under polarized light
- 40. Quiz real quick! Viewed under SEM
- 41. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State Simple Complex 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem 1.Promeristem 2.Primary meristem Protoderm develop to Epidermis Ground Meristem develop to Ground Tissue Procambium develop Primary Vascular Tissue 3.Secondary meristem Cork Cambium – develop to Cork Vascular Cambium – develop to Secondary Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue 1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma -Epidermis -Vascular Differentiated Non-differentiated
- 43. 43 Plant tissue (Dermal tissues) : Epidermis (epi- = above, derma- = skin) • Prevention from dehydration • Protection from bacterial and fungal invasion • Etc. By cuticle (a layer of cutin) sometime coated up with another layer of wax • Outermost surface • A single layer of parenchyma and derivatives
- 44. 44 Plant tissue (Dermal tissues) : Epidermis (epi- = above, derma- = skin) • Prevention from dehydration • Protection from bacterial and fungal invasion • Etc. By cuticle (a layer of cutin) sometime coated up with another layer of wax • Outermost surface • A single layer of parenchyma and derivatives
- 45. 45 Plant tissue (Dermal tissues) : Guard cells • Pairs of guard cells form a pore between them called stomata • To allow permeation of CO2 (inward)and O2 (outward) • The opening and closure is controlled by turgor pressure
- 46. 46 Plant tissue (Dermal tissues) : Guard cells • Pairs of guard cells form a pore between them called stomata • To allow permeation of CO2 (inward)and O2 (outward) • The opening and closure is controlled by turgor pressure
- 47. 47 Plant tissue (Dermal tissues) : Guard cells Subsidiary cell
- 48. 48 Plant tissue (Dermal tissues) : Trichome(hair) • Gives protection in younger part of the plant • Derived into secretory cell Ex. in carnivorous plant Drosera (Sundew)
- 49. Meristems Permanent Plant tissues Position State Simple Complex 1.Apical meristem 2.Lateral meristem 3.Intercalary meristem 1.Promeristem 2.Primary meristem Protoderm develop to Epidermis Ground Meristem develop to Ground Tissue Procambium develop Primary Vascular Tissue 3.Secondary meristem Cork Cambium – develop to Cork Vascular Cambium – develop to Secondary Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue 1. Parenchyma 2. Collenchyma 3. Sclerenchyma -Epidermis -Vascular Differentiated Non-differentiated
- 51. 51 Plant tissue (vascular tissues) : Parenchyma(para- =beside, visceral) • Most parenchyma cells retain the ability to divide • It is even possible to grow an entire plant from a single parenchyma cell. • Most abundant • Thin cell wall + large vacuole
- 53. 1.1 Alteration of generations 53 • Actually found in various types of algae (but charophytes) and all plant.
- 54. 1.2 Multicellular compartment • Meristem Evolved to live in terrestrial habitat >> develop Apical meristems to allow elongation of shoot and root 54 • Multicellular Gametangia Evolved to live in terrestrial habitat >> develop Gametangia to allow gametogenesis and fertilization on site • Walled Spores Produced in Sporangia Evolved to live in terrestrial habitat >> develop spore coated with sporopollenin to allow spores to resistant to harsh environments
- 55. 1.3 Dependent embryos • The parental tissues 1. protect the developing embryo from harsh environmental conditions 2. placental transfer cells provide nutrients such as sugars and amino acids. • The multicellular, dependent embryo of plants is such a significant derived trait that plants are also known as “embryophytes” 55
- 56. 2. Photosynthesis • Photoautotrophic plants 56 Light = energy source CO2 = carbon source • Photosynthesis Goal= Convert energy and use it to produce sugar
- 57. Cell wall 57
Editor's Notes
- A major difference between plants and most animals is that plant growth is not limited to an embryonic or juvenile period. Instead, growth occurs throughout the plant’s life, a process called indeterminate growth. Plants can keep growing because they have undifferentiated tissues called meristems containing cells that can divide, leading to new cells that elongate and become differentiated (Figure 35.11). Except for dormant periods, most plants grow continuously. In contrast, most animals and some plant organs—such as leaves, thorns, and flowers—undergo determinate growth; they stop growing after reaching a certain size.